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Number of found documents:
1205
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Physicians for the Reich? The Czech Physicians as a Professional Group between Germanization and Engagement in Germany, 1940–1944
Novák, M.; Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - English
This chapter offers an overview of the German strategies towards the Czech medical community after the closure of the Czech universities in November 1939 and in the context of the total war. It delivers calculation of the numbers of physicians needed for running the public health administration etc.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Physicians for the Reich? The Czech Physicians as a Professional Group between Germanization and Engagement in Germany, 1940–1944
This chapter offers an overview of the German strategies towards the Czech medical community after the closure of the Czech universities in November 1939 and in the context of the total war. It ...
“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2021 - English
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, traditions and customs of the calendar, or family occasions was one of their natural activities in rural communities. There are relatively frequent references to paying for a song (which involved leading the singing) and playing according to a demonstrated song, which was widespread in the context of folk dances. Musicians played not only for money, but also for food, drink, or special benefits in kind. For itinerant musicians and singers, musical performances were a major source of their livelihood. Many outstanding rural musicians also earned a living by teaching various instruments. From the end of the 19th century, folk musicians and dancers found more occasions to present themselves to the public, which increased an interest in the financial issue of their production. With the coming of brass music bands and other novelty groups, older traditional rural music groups lost not only their cultural capital, but their economic capital as well. Gradually, however, the emerging folklore movement strengthened the position of folk musicians, including their financial rewards. The question of the remuneration of folk musicians has resonated in cultural memory, thus adding to the unbiased image of traditional folk culture.
Keywords:
folk music and dance; transforamtion of tradition; cultural capital; social capital
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, ...
The effects of minimum wage increases in the Czech Republic
Grossmann, Jakub
2021 - English
This paper analyzes employment effects of four minimum wage increases implemented in the Czech Republic during 2012-2017, which cumulatively increased the national minimum wage by 37 percent. We analyze outcomes at the level of firm-occupation-county-specific job cells and apply an intensity-treatment estimator similar to that of Machin et al. (2003). Our preferred specifications suggest that minimum wage increases led to higher wages for low-paid workers and did not have significant impacts on their employment.
Keywords:
minimum wage; intensity treatment; job cells
Fulltext is available at external website.
The effects of minimum wage increases in the Czech Republic
This paper analyzes employment effects of four minimum wage increases implemented in the Czech Republic during 2012-2017, which cumulatively increased the national minimum wage by 37 percent. We ...
Wages, minimum wages, and price pass-through: the case of McDonald's restaurants
Ashenfelter, O.; Jurajda, Štěpán
2021 - English
We use highly consistent national-coverage price and wage data to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing minimum wage hikes. Based on 2016-2020 hourly wage rates of McDonald’s Basic Crew and prices of the Big Mac sandwich collected simultaneously from almost all US McDonald’s restaurants, we find that in about 25% of instances of minimum wage increases, restaurants display a tendency to keep constant their wage ‘premium’ above the increasing minimum wage. Higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch-screen ordering, and there is near-full price pass-through of minimum wages, with little heterogeneity related to how binding minimum wage increases are for restaurants. Minimum wage hikes lead to increases in real wages (expressed in Big Macs an hour of Basic Crew work can buy) that are one fifth lower than the corresponding increases in nominal wages.
Keywords:
minimum wages; wage increases; McDonald’s
Fulltext is available at external website.
Wages, minimum wages, and price pass-through: the case of McDonald's restaurants
We use highly consistent national-coverage price and wage data to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing ...
Revealing private information in a patent race
Kocourek, Pavel
2021 - English
In this paper I investigate the role of private information in a patent race. Since firms often do their research in secrecy, the common assumption in patent race literature that firms know each other’s position in the race is questionable. I analyze how the dynamics of the game changes when a firm’s progress is its private information, and I address the question whether revealing it might be to a firm’s advantage. I find that a firm has an incentive to reveal its breakthrough only if its rival has not done so, and only if the research is costly.
Keywords:
patent race; R&D investment; optimal effort
Fulltext is available at external website.
Revealing private information in a patent race
In this paper I investigate the role of private information in a patent race. Since firms often do their research in secrecy, the common assumption in patent race literature that firms know each ...
Rhyme in 16th-Century Hungarian Historical Songs: A Pilot Study
Maróthy, S.; Seláf, L.; Plecháč, Petr
2021 - English
This article presents a computer-based stichometric analysis of 26 Hungarian historical songs from the 16th century. We explore the validity of comments made by Albert Szenci Molnár in 1607 about the poor quality and simplicity of stanza structures in the poetry of previous generations. The study shows how rhyming changed in this poetic genre between 1539 and 1598. In this respect, it is the first work to explore these changes through a quantitative analysis. We find that during the examined period, there was a marked decline in the frequency of rhymes based on the repetition of the same word. At the same time, the tendency to maintain a rhyme across multiple stanzas did not change significantly.
Keywords:
versification; stylometry; rhyme; Hungarian poetry
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Rhyme in 16th-Century Hungarian Historical Songs: A Pilot Study
This article presents a computer-based stichometric analysis of 26 Hungarian historical songs from the 16th century. We explore the validity of comments made by Albert Szenci Molnár in 1607 about the ...
Forecasting realized volatility using machine learning and mixed-frequency data (the case of the Russian stock market)
Pyrlik, Vladimir; Elizarov, P.; Leonova, A.
2021 - English
We assess the performance of selected machine learning algorithms (lasso, random forest, gradient boosting, and long short-term memory) in forecasting the daily realized volatility of returns of selected top stocks in the Russian stock market in comparison with a heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility benchmark in 2018-2020. We seek to improve the predictive power of the models by including various economic indicators that carry information about future volatility. We find that lasso delivers a good combination of easy implementation and forecast precision. The other algorithms require fine-tuning and frequent re-training, otherwise they are likely to fail to outperform the benchmark often enough. Only the basic lagged log-RV values are significant explanatory variables in terms of the benchmark in-sample quality. Many economic indicators of mixed frequencies improve the predictive power of lasso though, including calendar and overnight effects, financial spillovers from local and global markets, and various macroeconomics indicators.
Keywords:
heterogeneous autoregressive model; machine learning; lasso
Fulltext is available at external website.
Forecasting realized volatility using machine learning and mixed-frequency data (the case of the Russian stock market)
We assess the performance of selected machine learning algorithms (lasso, random forest, gradient boosting, and long short-term memory) in forecasting the daily realized volatility of returns of ...
European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage
Johann, E.; Kusmin, J.; Woitsch, Jiří
2021 - English
Proceedings of the international conference European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage (4-7 December 2018, St. Georgen am Längsee, Austria), brings both thematically and theoretically diverse mix of studies, which connects thinking about European forests as an important and hitherto neglected sphere of cultural resp. biocultural heritage.
Keywords:
cultural heritage; forest history; landscape history
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage
Proceedings of the international conference European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage (4-7 December 2018, St. Georgen am Längsee, Austria), brings both thematically and theoretically diverse mix of ...
Forced migration, staying minorities, and new societies: evidence from post-war Czechoslovakia
Grossmann, Jakub; Jurajda, Štěpán; Roesel, F.
2021 - English
Forced migration traumatizes millions displaced from their homes, but little is known about the few who manage to stay and become a minority in a new society. We study the case of German stayers in Sudetenland, a region from which Czechoslovakia expelled ethnic Germans after World War Two. The unexpected presence of the US Army in parts of 1945 Czechoslovakia resulted in more anti-fascist Germans avoiding displacement compared to regions liberated by the Red Army. We study the long-run impacts of this local variation in the presence of left-leaning stayers and find that Communist party support and local party cell frequencies, as well as far-left values and social policies are more pronounced today where anti-fascist Germans stayed in larger numbers. Our findings also suggest that political identity supplanted German ethnic identity among anti-fascist stayers. The German staying minority shaped the political identity of newly formed local societies after ethnic cleansing by providing the ‘small seed’ of political development.
Keywords:
forced migration; displacement; ethnic cleansing
Fulltext is available at external website.
Forced migration, staying minorities, and new societies: evidence from post-war Czechoslovakia
Forced migration traumatizes millions displaced from their homes, but little is known about the few who manage to stay and become a minority in a new society. We study the case of German stayers in ...
Income tax evasion: tax elasticity, welfare, and revenue
Gillman, Max
2020 - English
This paper provides a general equilibrium model of income tax evasion. As functions of the share of income reported, the paper contributes an analytic derivation of the tax elasticity of taxable income, the welfare cost of the tax, and government revenue as a percent of output. It shows how an increase in the tax rate causes the tax elasticity and welfare cost to increase in magnitude by more than with zero evasion. Keeping constant the ratio of income tax revenue to output, as shown to be consistent with certain US evidence, a rising productivity of the goods sector induces less evasion and thereby allows tax rate reduction. The paper derives conditions for a stable share of income tax revenue in output with dependence upon the tax elasticity of reporting income. Examples are provided with less and more productive economies in terms of the tax elasticity of reported income, the welfare cost of taxation and the tax revenue as a percent of output, with sensitivity analysis with respect to leisure preference and goods productivity. Discussion focuses on how the tax evasion analysis may help explain such Öscal tax policy as the postwar US income tax rate reductions with discussion of tax acts and government Öscal multipliers. Fiscal policy with tax evasion included shows how tax rate reduction induces less tax evasion, a lower welfare cost of taxation, and makes for a stable income tax share of output.
Keywords:
optimal evasion; tax law; welfare
Fulltext is available at external website.
Income tax evasion: tax elasticity, welfare, and revenue
This paper provides a general equilibrium model of income tax evasion. As functions of the share of income reported, the paper contributes an analytic derivation of the tax elasticity of taxable ...
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