Number of found documents: 33
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Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Chládková, Kateřina; Podlipský, V.J.; Nudga, Natalia; Paillereau, Nikola; Kynčlová, Kateřina; Šimáčková, Š.
2023 - English
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. We tested whether the learning of new vowels matches 6-month-olds’ listening preferences, being more effective from nonnative-accented speech. We exposed Czech six-month-olds to delexicalised utterances with consonants replaced by [f] and vowels by 405 tokens sampled from a bimodal [ɛ]-[æ] distribution, a contrast absent from Czech, and with either native or atypical rhythm. Discrimination of [ɛ]-[æ] was then tested in an alternating/non-alternating paradigm. Longer first-look duration to non-alternating than to alternating trials – indicating a learning effect – was found in infants familiarised with the novel contrast in atypical rhythm, such effect was not\ndetected after familiarisation with native rhythm. Six-month-olds thus more effectively exploit distributional information about novel vowels from non-native rhythm, which matches their previously reported preferences for listening to novel over familiar accents. Keywords: distributional learning; selective learning; non-native rhythm; vowels; infancy Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody

Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. ...

Chládková, Kateřina; Podlipský, V.J.; Nudga, Natalia; Paillereau, Nikola; Kynčlová, Kateřina; Šimáčková, Š.
Psychologický ústav, 2023

Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
2023 - English
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4- to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall. Keywords: infant-directed speech; vowel length; development of early input; Czech Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS

When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for ...

Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
Psychologický ústav, 2023

Exploring the Contribution of Isochrony-based Features to Computerized Assessment of Handwriting Disabilities
Gavenčiak, M.; Zvončák, V.; Mekyska, J.; Šafárová, Katarína; Čunek, Lukáš; Urbánek, Tomáš; Havigerová, Jana Marie; Bednářová, Jiřina; Galáž, Z.; Mucha, J.
2022 - English
Approximately 30–60 % of the time children spend in school is associated with handwriting. However, up to 30 % of them experience handwriting disabilities (HD), which lead to a decrease in their academic performance. Current HD assessment methods are not unified and show signs of subjectivity which can lead to misdiagnosis. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to objective HD assessment based on the principle of movement isochrony. For this purpose, we used a database of 137 children attending a primary school, who performed a transcription and dictation task, and who were associated with a BHK (Concise Evaluation Scale for Children's Handwriting) score. Employing a machine learning model, we were able to estimate this score with 18 % error. An interpretation of the model suggests that the isochrony-based features could bring new benefits to the objective assessment of HD. Keywords: developmental dysgraphia; handwriting difficulties; isochrony; online handwriting Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Exploring the Contribution of Isochrony-based Features to Computerized Assessment of Handwriting Disabilities

Approximately 30–60 % of the time children spend in school is associated with handwriting. However, up to 30 % of them experience handwriting disabilities (HD), which lead to a decrease in their ...

Gavenčiak, M.; Zvončák, V.; Mekyska, J.; Šafárová, Katarína; Čunek, Lukáš; Urbánek, Tomáš; Havigerová, Jana Marie; Bednářová, Jiřina; Galáž, Z.; Mucha, J.
Psychologický ústav, 2022

Psychological testing of minorities: Inspiration from methodology of cross-cultural psychology
Čeněk, J.; Urbánek, Tomáš
2018 - English
This presentation is focused on the problematics of psychological testing and the adaptation of psychological methods in Czech Republic. The emphasis is placed on the testing of Czech minorities. The goal of the presentation is to summarize the current state of psychological testing in Czech Republic, to indicate certain limits in the quality of Czech psychological tests, and to propose steps that could be used to improve the state. Cross-cultural psychology offers a set of principles and methods, both of qualitative and quantitative nature, which can be used not only for the evaluation of the existing psychological tests with respect to the tested populations (e. g. minorities), but also for the successful creation or adaptation of new tests. Keywords: adaptation of psychological methods; cultural bias; emic/etic; equivalence Fulltext is available at external website.
Psychological testing of minorities: Inspiration from methodology of cross-cultural psychology

This presentation is focused on the problematics of psychological testing and the adaptation of psychological methods in Czech Republic. The emphasis is placed on the testing of Czech minorities. The ...

Čeněk, J.; Urbánek, Tomáš
Psychologický ústav, 2018

What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view
Filip, Miroslav; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
2018 - English
From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to accept their own past including life losses. However, such an explanation may be too trivial. For example, an inability to accept the past may be a natural component of depressive thinking and not a separate variable that accounts for depression. Unsuccessful aging can alternatively be explained by focusing on processes of meaning construction of various aspects of one’s own life. The theory of the dialogical self describes these processes in terms of the development of an internal dialogue. An aging-successful older adult should develop a lifereviewing internal dialogue with adaptive features, such as differentiation or integration of various and often contradictory „I-positions.” Methods: Narrative analyses based on the theory of the dialogical self were applied to Life Story Interviews with 32 older adults (aged from 70 to 93 years). According to the presence of the adaptive features in narratives, various types of life-reviewing internal dialogues were identi-fied. The validity of these types was examined by their scores on the Reminiscence Function Scale (RFS). Respondents who used the respective types were compared in terms of well-being (Mood Adjective Checklist - MAC) and meaningfulness of life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire - MLQ). Results/Discussion: The narrative analysis yielded three types of life-reviewing dialogues according to how they are elaborated and adaptive: differentiated dialogue (low adaptive), progressive dialogue, and integrated dialogue (highly adaptive). The validity of these types was sup-\nported by differences on the RFS: participants with the progressive dialogue reported more frequent reminiscence activities to resolve past conflicts and to reconstruct their identity. As hy-\npothesized, scores indicating successful aging on the scales MAC and MLQ were higher in respondents with the integrated life-reviewing dialogue. Keywords: successful aging; dialogical self theory; narrative analysis; life review; reminiscence Fulltext is available at external website.
What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view

From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to ...

Filip, Miroslav; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
Psychologický ústav, 2018

Post-Communist Syndrome: a Mental Heritage. A Theoretical Framework and Empirical Findings
Klicperová-Baker, Martina; Feierabend, I.; Košťál, J.
2010 - English
The article discusses post-totalitarian symptoms and the concept of post-totalitarian syndrome which can explain mentality of some dissatisfied Eastern European citizens. The current Czech post-totalitarian conditions are analyzed in terms of specific grievances and human needs; it is suggested that the disappointed include numerous frustrated but otherwise pro-democratic citizens. Complaints focus on economic insecurity (fear of unemployment, lack of security at the old age), crime (both white collar economic and street crime), lack of overall safety and disappointment with the general decline of interpersonal relations. Although respondents found it much easier to be upset with the current circumstances than with the totalitarian past, direct questions referring to the pre-1989 police state revealed an overwhelming awareness of and frustration with it. The most intense current anger is provoked by misconduct of politicians, yet democracy as a regime is not doubted. Keywords: post-communism; democracy; post-communist syndrome Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Post-Communist Syndrome: a Mental Heritage. A Theoretical Framework and Empirical Findings

The article discusses post-totalitarian symptoms and the concept of post-totalitarian syndrome which can explain mentality of some dissatisfied Eastern European citizens. The current Czech ...

Klicperová-Baker, Martina; Feierabend, I.; Košťál, J.
Psychologický ústav, 2010

Country Report: The Czech Republic
Klicperová-Baker, Martina; Franke, Helena; Schwarz, Petr; Košťál, J.
2010 - English
Research report on the Czech aspect of European citizenship – the state of ethno-national diversity, migration, gender situation, attitudes to the EU, understanding of the European polity and European public sphere. The study brings original results of a representative survey of Czech citizens (N=1037) in addition to the first, preliminary results of media analysis and interviews with political and cultural elites. This volume, the Czech contribution to international Eurosphere project, is a part of a series of 16 Eurosphere country reports, it serves also as a framework for interpretation of Eurosphere empirical results. It contains a number of graphs, tables and illustrations. It is complemented by illustrations by a cartoonist Miroslav Kemel. Keywords: EU; Czech Republic; Diversity; European citizenship Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Country Report: The Czech Republic

Research report on the Czech aspect of European citizenship – the state of ethno-national diversity, migration, gender situation, attitudes to the EU, understanding of the European polity and European ...

Klicperová-Baker, Martina; Franke, Helena; Schwarz, Petr; Košťál, J.
Psychologický ústav, 2010

The 15th European Conference on Personality: Program and Abstract
Blatný, Marek; Hřebíčková, Martina; Kouřilová, Sylvie; Slezáčková, Alena; Květon, Petr; Vobořil, Dalibor
2010 - English
The 15th European Conference on Personality (ECP15) was held in Brno, Czech Republic, July 20-24, 2010. The conference was organized by the European Association of Personality Psychology together with the Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The programme of the ECP15 included contributions on distinctive personality issues, such as personality genetics, personality and behavioral control, neurophysiology of intelligence, and methodological issues of personality research. Furthermore, presenters introduced their findings about personality and social relationships, developmental aspects of personality, as well as personality and cultural differences. The ECP 15 also hosted dialogues between personality psychology and newly established theoretical approaches such as positive psychology. Keywords: European Association of Personality Psychology; ECP15; conference Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The 15th European Conference on Personality: Program and Abstract

The 15th European Conference on Personality (ECP15) was held in Brno, Czech Republic, July 20-24, 2010. The conference was organized by the European Association of Personality Psychology together with ...

Blatný, Marek; Hřebíčková, Martina; Kouřilová, Sylvie; Slezáčková, Alena; Květon, Petr; Vobořil, Dalibor
Psychologický ústav, 2010

Effects of childhood malignancy treatment on quality of life: Preliminary results of the QOLOP project
Blatný, Marek; Kepák, T.; Vlčková, I.; Jelínek, Martin; Navrátilová, P.; Pilát, M.; Kárová, Š.; Slezáčková, Alena; Hrstková, H.; Štěrba, J.
2008 - English
Effects of childhood malignancy treatment on quality of life: preliminary results of the Qolop project. Keywords: childhood cancer treatment; quality of life Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effects of childhood malignancy treatment on quality of life: Preliminary results of the QOLOP project

Effects of childhood malignancy treatment on quality of life: preliminary results of the Qolop project.

Blatný, Marek; Kepák, T.; Vlčková, I.; Jelínek, Martin; Navrátilová, P.; Pilát, M.; Kárová, Š.; Slezáčková, Alena; Hrstková, H.; Štěrba, J.
Psychologický ústav, 2008

Self-Management of Teachers
Řehulka, Evžen
2007 - English
This paper with application of self-management issues to teaching, though its being developed mainly for economic environment. Self-management, taken as self-control or self-education, can become interesting and original source for studies of teaching. Within this frame an orientation research of basic school female teachers was performed; the research has shown that these teachers are able to use main ideas of self-management and they understand well goals of self-education and self-upbringing and also differences defined goals and real abilities in this area and they see the mail tasks of self-management in the field of personality development. Studie se zabývá aplikací problematiky selfmanagementu, který je rozvíjen především v ekonimickém prostředí, na učitelskou profesi. Selfmanagement chápaný jako sebeřízení, event. sebevýchova, může být zajímavým a originálním východiskem pro studium učitelství. V rámci těchto myšlenek je proveden orientační výzkum učitelek základních škol, kde se ukázalo, že učitelky jsou schopny užitečně využívat hlavních idejí selfmanagementu a uvědomují si cíle v sebevzdělávání i v sebevýchově, a rovněž diference mezi stanovenými cíly a reálnými dovednostmi v této oblasti, přičemž největší úkoly v selfmanagementu nacházejí v oblasti rozvoje osobnosti. Keywords: self-management; female teachers; self-education Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Self-Management of Teachers

This paper with application of self-management issues to teaching, though its being developed mainly for economic environment. Self-management, taken as self-control or self-education, can become ...

Řehulka, Evžen
Psychologický ústav, 2007

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