Number of found documents: 220
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Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic
Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
2021 - English
In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the impacts\nof biophysical effects and often ignore the cross-sectoral interactions and economic effects on relative competitiveness, international trade, global food supply, and food prices for the Czech Republic. Ignoring future productivity changes globally under climate change scenarios can underestimate or overestimate climate change impacts at the national level. Here, we use GLOBIOM-CZE, a global economic model, as part of a climate change impact assessment framework to evaluate the impacts on the Czech agricultural sector in terms of environmental and economic indicators. By comparing with the baseline, the ensemble of scenarios suggests a decrease in crop area and production while increasing grassland, positively affecting livestock production by mid-century. Corn and barley show the most adverse response in production and area, while rapeseed increases under scenario RCP 8.5 with CO2 fertilization effect. Livestock products production is projected to increase, especially bovine meat and milk, as within RCP 8.5, no constraints are placed on growing greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords: climate change impacts; Czech agriculture; global assessment model Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic

In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the ...

Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management
Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
2021 - English
Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning intensities in a 40-year-old spruce forest in South Moravia. Tree transpiration was significantly higher under moderate and heavy intensity compared to low intensity and control plots. Tree transpiration differed also among trees of different sizes within the treatments and also between the treatments. The stem increment was visibly increasing with the intensity of treatment, particularly for suppressed trees. The findings show an ecological tree response two years after the thinning. Keywords: norway spruce; norway spruce; water consumption; sap flow; biomass production; thinning treatment Available at various institutes of the ASCR
A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management

Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning ...

Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition on mais response to short-term high temperature and drought stress
Simor, J.; Klem, Karel
2021 - English
Within an experiment conducted in open top chambers in which two mais genotypes differing in stay-green trait were cultivated under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (EC) in comparison\nwith ambient CO2 concentration (AC), and in two contrast levels of nitrogen nutrition, the effect of acclimation to these factors on photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency, and subsequent response to short-term high temperature and drought stress was studied. Although EC improved water use efficiency, this effect did not alleviate the response to drought stress, and under some combinations of factors even led to a decrease in CO2 assimilation rate under drought stress. Differences in the stay- green trait between genotypes did not have a major effect on the response to high temperature and drought stress. Differences between genotypes were manifested mainly in the interaction with nitrogen nutrition, while in the Korynt genotype, non fertilised variants showed a lower response of CO2 assimilation rate to drought. Slight alleviating effect of higher nitrogen dose was found under EC conditions, while no nitrogen fertilisation rather increased drought resilience under AC conditions. Keywords: mais; elevated carbon dioxide; nitrogen nutrition; drought stress Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition on mais response to short-term high temperature and drought stress

Within an experiment conducted in open top chambers in which two mais genotypes differing in stay-green trait were cultivated under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (EC) in comparison\nwith ...

Simor, J.; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Estimation of winter wheat yield using machine learning from airborne hyperspectral data
Švik, Marian; Pikl, Miroslav; Janoutová, Růžena; Veselá, Barbora; Slezák, Lukáš; Klem, Karel; Homolová, Lucie
2021 - English
Methods based on optical remote sensing allow nowadays to assess crop conditions over larger areas. The assessment of crop conditions and potential estimation of crop yields in the early growth\nstages can help farmers to better target their management practice such as application of fertilizers. In this study we analysed airborne hyperspectral images acquired several times during the growing season over two experimental sites in the Czech Republic (Ivanovice and Lukavec). The field experiments on winter wheat included 12 levels of fertilisation (combination of organic and mineral fertilisers). Such an experiment design and the possibility of combining the data from two sites together increased the variability in our wheat yield dataset, which varied between 2.8 and 10.0 t/ha. Further, we used a machine learning method – namely gaussian process regression from the ARTMO toolbox to train two variants of models: a) combining the spectral data from both sites and from the multiple acquisition days and b) combining the spectral data from both sites for individual acquisition days.The results showed that it was feasible to predict wheat yield already at the beginning of April with R2 > 0.85. This promising result, however, requires more thorough validation and therefore we plan to include more data from other sites in the next steps. Keywords: hyperspectral; machine learning; remote sensing; winter wheat; yield Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Estimation of winter wheat yield using machine learning from airborne hyperspectral data

Methods based on optical remote sensing allow nowadays to assess crop conditions over larger areas. The assessment of crop conditions and potential estimation of crop yields in the early ...

Švik, Marian; Pikl, Miroslav; Janoutová, Růžena; Veselá, Barbora; Slezák, Lukáš; Klem, Karel; Homolová, Lucie
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Forest Soil Physico-Chemical Sorption Spatial Links in Central-European Systems of Site Geographical Divisions
Samec, Pavel; Balková, M.; Kučera, A.
2020 - English
Spatial links among soil property values influence variability of soil sorption. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of geotectonic, soil-and biogeographical divisions on forest soil physicochemical sorption spatial links. The effect was investigated through optimal model selection and its comparison among the soil cover division systems of Central-European Highlands in the Czech Republic. Optimal model was selected through the closest-fitting estimations of linear global and local regressions between sorption and chemical or geomorphological forest soil properties. The optimal model comparison was carried out through linear regression with bedrock type proportion (geodiversity) at units of particular division systems. Chemical properties influenced forest soil sorption more than relief. Soil base saturation (BS) was locally more divided than cation exchange capacity (CEC). Local regression of BS with Al2O3 was divided by geotectonic systems the most, but it was not influenced by geodiversity. Geodiversity influenced local regression of CEC with Al2O3 in soil regions as well as regression with C/N in biogeographical regions. Differences between spatial links of BS and CEC suggest that forest soil sorption is divided into multi-level clusters. Spatial link modelling of soil sorption can optimalize forest growth condition division for effective management use. Keywords: cation-exchange capacity; organic-matter; weighted regression; resolution; fractions; ratios; soil aluminium; base saturation; geodiversity; geographically weighted regression Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Forest Soil Physico-Chemical Sorption Spatial Links in Central-European Systems of Site Geographical Divisions

Spatial links among soil property values influence variability of soil sorption. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of geotectonic, soil-and biogeographical divisions on forest soil ...

Samec, Pavel; Balková, M.; Kučera, A.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2020

The Effect of temperature treatment TiO2 nanoparticles on antibacterial properties
Bytesnikova, Z.; Valeckova, V.; Švec, P.; Richtera, L.; Šmerková, K.; Vítek, Petr; Adam, V.
2019 - English
The synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) under various temperature treatments was described and TiO2 NPs was subsequently tested as an antibacterial agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to confirm structure of TiO2 NPs and detect differences between individual batches treated with different temperature. Antibacterial properties were tested on Escherichia coli (E. coli). TiO2 NPs as photocatalyst was incubated with bacterial cells under ambient light. Changes in temperature treatment can affect diameter size and crystal structure of TiO2 NPs as well as its antibacterial properties. Keywords: water; Titanium dioxide; pathogenic bacteria; nanoparticles; antibacterial properties; E.coli; nanomaterial Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The Effect of temperature treatment TiO2 nanoparticles on antibacterial properties

The synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) under various temperature treatments was described and TiO2 NPs was subsequently tested as an antibacterial agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman ...

Bytesnikova, Z.; Valeckova, V.; Švec, P.; Richtera, L.; Šmerková, K.; Vítek, Petr; Adam, V.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

ACTRIS IMP – ÚČAST ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY V NÁRODNÍCH VÝZKUMNÝCH INFRASTRUKTURÁCH A TÉMATICKÝCH CENTRECH ACTRIS
Ondráček, Jakub; Váňa, M.; Klánová, J.; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.
2019 - English
ACTRIS (The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) je panevropskou výzkumnou infrastrukturou, jejímž hlavním cílem je tvorba vysoce kvalitních dat a podávání informací o krátkodobých složkách atmosféry a o procesech vedoucích ke změnám těchto složek v přírodním a kontrolovaném laboratorním prostředí. ACTRIS je dlouhodobou aktivitou (již od roku 2012, viz. Obr. 1) více než 100 partnerských organizací po celé Evropě, jejichž cílem je integrace, harmonizace a distribuce vysoce kvalitních vědeckých výstupů poskytovaných nejlepšími pracovišti atmosférického výzkumu v (prozatím) 22 evropských zemích. ACTRIS je logickým pokračováním 15-tiletého rozvoje velkých výzkumných infrastruktur financovaného členskými státy a evropskou komisí (EC) prostřednictvím programu výzkumných infrastruktur (Research Infrastructure programme) zahrnujících např. Projekty EARLINET, EUSAAR, CREATE a CLOUDNET. Available at various institutes of the ASCR
ACTRIS IMP – ÚČAST ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY V NÁRODNÍCH VÝZKUMNÝCH INFRASTRUKTURÁCH A TÉMATICKÝCH CENTRECH ACTRIS

ACTRIS (The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) je panevropskou výzkumnou infrastrukturou, jejímž hlavním cílem je tvorba vysoce kvalitních dat a podávání informací o krátkodobých ...

Ondráček, Jakub; Váňa, M.; Klánová, J.; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Measurement of the vertical profile of the ground level of the atmosphere using an unmanned platform First results
Novotný, J.; Bystrický, R.; Dejinal, K.; Trusina, Jan; Komínková, Kateřina
2019 - English
Application of new technologies such as unmanned platforms is also on the rise in meteorology. The paper brings the first comparison of measurement sensors placed on the drone with standard meteorological measure-ments on the mast. The mast data provides continuous data over time, but not in space and only in five defined heights. The first results show a good match between mast measurements and measurements using a flying dron in wind direction and wind speed. Additional influences specific to the newly designed measurement method is the main problem, which must be solved. Keywords: Drone; Meteorological mast; Temperature; Vertical profile; Wind Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Measurement of the vertical profile of the ground level of the atmosphere using an unmanned platform First results

Application of new technologies such as unmanned platforms is also on the rise in meteorology. The paper brings the first comparison of measurement sensors placed on the drone with standard ...

Novotný, J.; Bystrický, R.; Dejinal, K.; Trusina, Jan; Komínková, Kateřina
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley
Simor, J.; Klem, Karel; Psota, V.
2019 - English
Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the grain, however, leads to an unbalanced proportion to the proteins, and their relative content decreases. This is particularly apparent in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency. The interactive effects of EC, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability are, however, not yet sufficiently understood. Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of EC (expected by the end of this century 700 ppm) and drought, the effect of these interactions on protein content, and other quality parameters of spring barley grain was studied. EC reduced grain protein content, increased extract, Kolbach index and also summary Malting quality index. Such effect was more pronounced under higher nitrogen dose, which generally worsened malting quality parameters. Reduced water availability slightly enhanced all malting quality parameters and also showed slight synergistic effect to EC. No clear interactive effects on malting quality were found for nitrogen nutrition and water availability. Keywords: protein-concentration; wheat; impacts; crop; malting barley; greenhouse gases; nitrogen fertilization; reduced water availability Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley

Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the ...

Simor, J.; Klem, Karel; Psota, V.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Spatial throughfall variability in the spruce forest
Holata, Filip
2018 - English
In this study, we characterized a canopy by several methods and we found the best relationship between spatialvariation of canopy and throughfall volume. We validatedthe spatial variability of throughfall volumeandwe foundthat GFr is more appropriate parameter to use for more accurate estimation of throughfall volume than LAI and LPI. Keywords: throughfall; spruce; leaf area inde; gap fraction; LiDAR penetration index Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Spatial throughfall variability in the spruce forest

In this study, we characterized a canopy by several methods and we found the best relationship between spatialvariation of canopy and throughfall volume. We validatedthe spatial variability of ...

Holata, Filip
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2018

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