Počet nalezených dokumentů: 227
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Quo Vaditis Agriculture, Forestry and Society under Global Change? From understanding past and present Earth´s processes to adaptations for the future
Šprtová, Miroslava; Bartošová, Lenka; Acosta, Manuel; Klem, Karel; Leventon, Julia; Červený, Jan
2022 - anglický
International conference „Quo vaditis agriculture, forestry and society under Global Change? From understanding past and present Earth’s processes to adaptations for the future“, whose scientific sponsor is the European Center of Excellence CzechGlobe, should prove that science has an irreplaceable role in addressing mitigation and adaptation to climate change, in meeting international commitments to climate change and tasks of the EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change. Klíčová slova: agriculture; forestry; climate changes; proceedings of conferences Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Quo Vaditis Agriculture, Forestry and Society under Global Change? From understanding past and present Earth´s processes to adaptations for the future

International conference „Quo vaditis agriculture, forestry and society under Global Change? From understanding past and present Earth’s processes to adaptations for the future“, whose scientific ...

Šprtová, Miroslava; Bartošová, Lenka; Acosta, Manuel; Klem, Karel; Leventon, Julia; Červený, Jan
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2022

Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic
Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
2021 - anglický
In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the impacts\nof biophysical effects and often ignore the cross-sectoral interactions and economic effects on relative competitiveness, international trade, global food supply, and food prices for the Czech Republic. Ignoring future productivity changes globally under climate change scenarios can underestimate or overestimate climate change impacts at the national level. Here, we use GLOBIOM-CZE, a global economic model, as part of a climate change impact assessment framework to evaluate the impacts on the Czech agricultural sector in terms of environmental and economic indicators. By comparing with the baseline, the ensemble of scenarios suggests a decrease in crop area and production while increasing grassland, positively affecting livestock production by mid-century. Corn and barley show the most adverse response in production and area, while rapeseed increases under scenario RCP 8.5 with CO2 fertilization effect. Livestock products production is projected to increase, especially bovine meat and milk, as within RCP 8.5, no constraints are placed on growing greenhouse gas emissions. Klíčová slova: climate change impacts; Czech agriculture; global assessment model Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic

In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the ...

Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management
Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
2021 - anglický
Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning intensities in a 40-year-old spruce forest in South Moravia. Tree transpiration was significantly higher under moderate and heavy intensity compared to low intensity and control plots. Tree transpiration differed also among trees of different sizes within the treatments and also between the treatments. The stem increment was visibly increasing with the intensity of treatment, particularly for suppressed trees. The findings show an ecological tree response two years after the thinning. Klíčová slova: norway spruce; norway spruce; water consumption; sap flow; biomass production; thinning treatment Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management

Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning ...

Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition on mais response to short-term high temperature and drought stress
Simor, J.; Klem, Karel
2021 - anglický
Within an experiment conducted in open top chambers in which two mais genotypes differing in stay-green trait were cultivated under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (EC) in comparison\nwith ambient CO2 concentration (AC), and in two contrast levels of nitrogen nutrition, the effect of acclimation to these factors on photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency, and subsequent response to short-term high temperature and drought stress was studied. Although EC improved water use efficiency, this effect did not alleviate the response to drought stress, and under some combinations of factors even led to a decrease in CO2 assimilation rate under drought stress. Differences in the stay- green trait between genotypes did not have a major effect on the response to high temperature and drought stress. Differences between genotypes were manifested mainly in the interaction with nitrogen nutrition, while in the Korynt genotype, non fertilised variants showed a lower response of CO2 assimilation rate to drought. Slight alleviating effect of higher nitrogen dose was found under EC conditions, while no nitrogen fertilisation rather increased drought resilience under AC conditions. Klíčová slova: mais; elevated carbon dioxide; nitrogen nutrition; drought stress Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition on mais response to short-term high temperature and drought stress

Within an experiment conducted in open top chambers in which two mais genotypes differing in stay-green trait were cultivated under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (EC) in comparison\nwith ...

Simor, J.; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Estimation of winter wheat yield using machine learning from airborne hyperspectral data
Švik, Marian; Pikl, Miroslav; Janoutová, Růžena; Veselá, Barbora; Slezák, Lukáš; Klem, Karel; Homolová, Lucie
2021 - anglický
Methods based on optical remote sensing allow nowadays to assess crop conditions over larger areas. The assessment of crop conditions and potential estimation of crop yields in the early growth\nstages can help farmers to better target their management practice such as application of fertilizers. In this study we analysed airborne hyperspectral images acquired several times during the growing season over two experimental sites in the Czech Republic (Ivanovice and Lukavec). The field experiments on winter wheat included 12 levels of fertilisation (combination of organic and mineral fertilisers). Such an experiment design and the possibility of combining the data from two sites together increased the variability in our wheat yield dataset, which varied between 2.8 and 10.0 t/ha. Further, we used a machine learning method – namely gaussian process regression from the ARTMO toolbox to train two variants of models: a) combining the spectral data from both sites and from the multiple acquisition days and b) combining the spectral data from both sites for individual acquisition days.The results showed that it was feasible to predict wheat yield already at the beginning of April with R2 > 0.85. This promising result, however, requires more thorough validation and therefore we plan to include more data from other sites in the next steps. Klíčová slova: hyperspectral; machine learning; remote sensing; winter wheat; yield Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Estimation of winter wheat yield using machine learning from airborne hyperspectral data

Methods based on optical remote sensing allow nowadays to assess crop conditions over larger areas. The assessment of crop conditions and potential estimation of crop yields in the early ...

Švik, Marian; Pikl, Miroslav; Janoutová, Růžena; Veselá, Barbora; Slezák, Lukáš; Klem, Karel; Homolová, Lucie
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Forest Soil Physico-Chemical Sorption Spatial Links in Central-European Systems of Site Geographical Divisions
Samec, Pavel; Balková, M.; Kučera, A.
2020 - anglický
Spatial links among soil property values influence variability of soil sorption. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of geotectonic, soil-and biogeographical divisions on forest soil physicochemical sorption spatial links. The effect was investigated through optimal model selection and its comparison among the soil cover division systems of Central-European Highlands in the Czech Republic. Optimal model was selected through the closest-fitting estimations of linear global and local regressions between sorption and chemical or geomorphological forest soil properties. The optimal model comparison was carried out through linear regression with bedrock type proportion (geodiversity) at units of particular division systems. Chemical properties influenced forest soil sorption more than relief. Soil base saturation (BS) was locally more divided than cation exchange capacity (CEC). Local regression of BS with Al2O3 was divided by geotectonic systems the most, but it was not influenced by geodiversity. Geodiversity influenced local regression of CEC with Al2O3 in soil regions as well as regression with C/N in biogeographical regions. Differences between spatial links of BS and CEC suggest that forest soil sorption is divided into multi-level clusters. Spatial link modelling of soil sorption can optimalize forest growth condition division for effective management use. Klíčová slova: cation-exchange capacity; organic-matter; weighted regression; resolution; fractions; ratios; soil aluminium; base saturation; geodiversity; geographically weighted regression Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Forest Soil Physico-Chemical Sorption Spatial Links in Central-European Systems of Site Geographical Divisions

Spatial links among soil property values influence variability of soil sorption. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of geotectonic, soil-and biogeographical divisions on forest soil ...

Samec, Pavel; Balková, M.; Kučera, A.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2020

Souhrnná výzkumná zpráva Aalto 1903
Hanuš, Jan; Fabiánek, Tomáš; Fajmon, Lukáš
2019 - anglický
Within the airborne hyperspectral campaign for a Finnish university Aalto University were scanned two locations - Hyytiälä (FI) - Järvselja (EST). The scanned processed data is used for other scientific purposes.\nAbstrakt: V rámci letecké hyperspektrální kampaňe pro Finskou univerzitu Aalto-yliopisto byly nasnímány dvě lokality - Hyytiälä (FI) - Järvselja (EST). Předaná zpracovaná data jsou používány pro další vědecké účely. Klíčová slova: flis; hyperspectral; data; lidar; processing Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Souhrnná výzkumná zpráva Aalto 1903

Within the airborne hyperspectral campaign for a Finnish university Aalto University were scanned two locations - Hyytiälä (FI) - Järvselja (EST). The scanned processed data is used for other ...

Hanuš, Jan; Fabiánek, Tomáš; Fajmon, Lukáš
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

The Effect of temperature treatment TiO2 nanoparticles on antibacterial properties
Bytesnikova, Z.; Valeckova, V.; Švec, P.; Richtera, L.; Šmerková, K.; Vítek, Petr; Adam, V.
2019 - anglický
The synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) under various temperature treatments was described and TiO2 NPs was subsequently tested as an antibacterial agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to confirm structure of TiO2 NPs and detect differences between individual batches treated with different temperature. Antibacterial properties were tested on Escherichia coli (E. coli). TiO2 NPs as photocatalyst was incubated with bacterial cells under ambient light. Changes in temperature treatment can affect diameter size and crystal structure of TiO2 NPs as well as its antibacterial properties. Klíčová slova: water; Titanium dioxide; pathogenic bacteria; nanoparticles; antibacterial properties; E.coli; nanomaterial Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
The Effect of temperature treatment TiO2 nanoparticles on antibacterial properties

The synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) under various temperature treatments was described and TiO2 NPs was subsequently tested as an antibacterial agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman ...

Bytesnikova, Z.; Valeckova, V.; Švec, P.; Richtera, L.; Šmerková, K.; Vítek, Petr; Adam, V.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

ACTRIS IMP – ÚČAST ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY V NÁRODNÍCH VÝZKUMNÝCH INFRASTRUKTURÁCH A TÉMATICKÝCH CENTRECH ACTRIS
Ondráček, Jakub; Váňa, M.; Klánová, J.; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.
2019 - anglický
ACTRIS (The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) je panevropskou výzkumnou infrastrukturou, jejímž hlavním cílem je tvorba vysoce kvalitních dat a podávání informací o krátkodobých složkách atmosféry a o procesech vedoucích ke změnám těchto složek v přírodním a kontrolovaném laboratorním prostředí. ACTRIS je dlouhodobou aktivitou (již od roku 2012, viz. Obr. 1) více než 100 partnerských organizací po celé Evropě, jejichž cílem je integrace, harmonizace a distribuce vysoce kvalitních vědeckých výstupů poskytovaných nejlepšími pracovišti atmosférického výzkumu v (prozatím) 22 evropských zemích. ACTRIS je logickým pokračováním 15-tiletého rozvoje velkých výzkumných infrastruktur financovaného členskými státy a evropskou komisí (EC) prostřednictvím programu výzkumných infrastruktur (Research Infrastructure programme) zahrnujících např. Projekty EARLINET, EUSAAR, CREATE a CLOUDNET. Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
ACTRIS IMP – ÚČAST ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY V NÁRODNÍCH VÝZKUMNÝCH INFRASTRUKTURÁCH A TÉMATICKÝCH CENTRECH ACTRIS

ACTRIS (The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) je panevropskou výzkumnou infrastrukturou, jejímž hlavním cílem je tvorba vysoce kvalitních dat a podávání informací o krátkodobých ...

Ondráček, Jakub; Váňa, M.; Klánová, J.; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Measurement of the vertical profile of the ground level of the atmosphere using an unmanned platform First results
Novotný, J.; Bystrický, R.; Dejinal, K.; Trusina, Jan; Komínková, Kateřina
2019 - anglický
Application of new technologies such as unmanned platforms is also on the rise in meteorology. The paper brings the first comparison of measurement sensors placed on the drone with standard meteorological measure-ments on the mast. The mast data provides continuous data over time, but not in space and only in five defined heights. The first results show a good match between mast measurements and measurements using a flying dron in wind direction and wind speed. Additional influences specific to the newly designed measurement method is the main problem, which must be solved. Klíčová slova: Drone; Meteorological mast; Temperature; Vertical profile; Wind Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Measurement of the vertical profile of the ground level of the atmosphere using an unmanned platform First results

Application of new technologies such as unmanned platforms is also on the rise in meteorology. The paper brings the first comparison of measurement sensors placed on the drone with standard ...

Novotný, J.; Bystrický, R.; Dejinal, K.; Trusina, Jan; Komínková, Kateřina
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

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