Introduction
Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - English
This chapter is an introductory study of the whole Volume. It provides an overview of the recent production concerning the role of science in the WW2 and sumarizes the possible levels of comparison.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Introduction
This chapter is an introductory study of the whole Volume. It provides an overview of the recent production concerning the role of science in the WW2 and sumarizes the possible levels of comparison.
Between Persecution and Redeployment. The Contribution to Prosopography of the Academic Staff of the Charles University in Prague in Context of the Measures from the Autumn 1939
Kostlán, Antonín; Šimůnek, Michal V.; Hořejš, M.
2021 - English
This chapter offers a prosopographical evaluation of the changes in the academic staff of the Charles University in Prague after 17 November 1939. It analyzes the different redeployment possibilities and offers a comparison with the situation at the Czech Technical University in Prague.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Between Persecution and Redeployment. The Contribution to Prosopography of the Academic Staff of the Charles University in Prague in Context of the Measures from the Autumn 1939
This chapter offers a prosopographical evaluation of the changes in the academic staff of the Charles University in Prague after 17 November 1939. It analyzes the different redeployment possibilities ...
Destruction and Scientific Knowledge. On Significance of the German Armament Industry and Military Administration for R&D in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the ‘Total War’ (Totalkrieg), 1943–1945
Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - English
This chapter offers an overview of the development of Czech corporate research during the German occupation, especially in the period of the total war (1943-1945). It summarizes also the current knowledge on the transfers of scientifically relevant entities into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia etc.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Destruction and Scientific Knowledge. On Significance of the German Armament Industry and Military Administration for R&D in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the ‘Total War’ (Totalkrieg), 1943–1945
This chapter offers an overview of the development of Czech corporate research during the German occupation, especially in the period of the total war (1943-1945). It summarizes also the current ...
Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
Ducháček, Milan
2021 - English
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a common, unitary state, the étatist, and later defensive ethos of Czechoslovak ethnography of the 1930s lost its foundation and argumentation basis. Similarly, too, after the Munich Agreement 1938 and quite definitively after the Nazi occupation, the notions of unity, purity and distinctive character of the ‘Slavic’ culture of ‘Czechoslovak state nation’ faced its ideological and methodological limitations. The present study emphasizes the continuity of problems that plagued the interwar Czechoslovak ethnography, including understaffing of Czechoslovak ethnography due to limitations of university policy at Czechoslovak universities in Prague, Brno and Bratislava. The article presents an analysis of institutional and academic foundation of ethnography after the closing of Czech universities on 17 November 1939. It describes both the conceptual and personnel continuity of care for regional cultural heritage in the 1930s. It also touches upon the ambivalent nature of documentary activities of the Ethnographic Commission of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. Alongside with the orientation on general anthropology, including its racial aspects, the activities of Czech ethnographers during the occupation tended to focus on documentation of vernacular architecture. In this regard they also joined forces with architects and urban planners on projects that linked the idea of modernization of the countryside with efforts aimed at preserving its ‘traditional’ character in the spirit of the German Heimatschutzbewegung. This direction, as well as other impulses and motifs from the Protectorate era, were then further developed in the ethnographic ‘revival’ of the second half of the 1940s, which - paradoxically enough - resonated both with ‘new Slavic policy’ after 1945 and, to some extent, even with the subsequent Sovietization of the field.
Keywords:
ethnography; Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a ...
Physicians for the Reich? The Czech Physicians as a Professional Group between Germanization and Engagement in Germany, 1940–1944
Novák, M.; Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - English
This chapter offers an overview of the German strategies towards the Czech medical community after the closure of the Czech universities in November 1939 and in the context of the total war. It delivers calculation of the numbers of physicians needed for running the public health administration etc.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Physicians for the Reich? The Czech Physicians as a Professional Group between Germanization and Engagement in Germany, 1940–1944
This chapter offers an overview of the German strategies towards the Czech medical community after the closure of the Czech universities in November 1939 and in the context of the total war. It ...
Czech Contexts of the Corpus al-Sufi Latinus
Hadravová, Alena; Hadrava, Petr
2018 - English
The contribution is based on a study of manuscripts of corpus al-Sufi Latinus carried out in connection with the preparation of an edition of the ms. Praha, The Royal Canonry of Premonstratensians at Strahov, DA II 13 (al-Sufi, Catalogus stellarum fixarum, The Catalogue of Fixed Stars).
Keywords:
history of astronomy; al-Sufi Latinus; catalogues of stars
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Czech Contexts of the Corpus al-Sufi Latinus
The contribution is based on a study of manuscripts of corpus al-Sufi Latinus carried out in connection with the preparation of an edition of the ms. Praha, The Royal Canonry of Premonstratensians at ...
Folklore in the Era of Socialism. Display Window of Official Culture or a Little Island of Freedom? Folklore Movement in Contemporary Historical Research and Oral Historical Studies
Vaněk, Miroslav
2018 - English
The folk movement has often been referred to as an official part of the "culture of socialism", alongside other sourcees of official culture, and as possibly an export item of Communist Czechoslovakia. On the other hand, the perspective of the actors has been neglected. The folklore "movement" in the context of the study of contemporary history and oral-historical studies is gradually looking for pioneers in oral history to investigate this phenomenon. Recently, projects and studies have emerged that turn to the actors themselves. Their views are beginning to disrupt the predominant view of folklore as monolithic organized folk entertainment. On the contrary, for some actors, active participation in the folk ensemble could represent an imaginary little island of freedom. The role of oral history is, in this respect, irreplaceable. Research needs to be undertaken by knowledgeable and ethical professionals. Particular consideration should be given to analyzing the position of insiders conducting research.
Keywords:
folklore; socialism; oral history
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Folklore in the Era of Socialism. Display Window of Official Culture or a Little Island of Freedom? Folklore Movement in Contemporary Historical Research and Oral Historical Studies
The folk movement has often been referred to as an official part of the "culture of socialism", alongside other sourcees of official culture, and as possibly an export item of Communist ...
Jews in Czech Film and Television Production during Normalization
Bednařík, Petr
2012 - English
The author describes in the text Czech films and TV series with the Jewish themes. Films and TV series were filmed during the normalization in 1970s and 1980s by Film Studio Barrandov and Czechoslovak Television.
Keywords:
Jews; Czech cinematography; Czechoslovak television
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Jews in Czech Film and Television Production during Normalization
The author describes in the text Czech films and TV series with the Jewish themes. Films and TV series were filmed during the normalization in 1970s and 1980s by Film Studio Barrandov and Czechoslovak ...
Ernst Mach, his Prague physics students and their careers
Těšínská, Emilie
2009 - English
Based on archives, written memoirs and literature on history of science, the paper describes the teaching and research activities of physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach (1838-1916) during his stay in Prague in 1867-1895 within a broader frame of physics at Prague University of that time. Mach´s engagement in the Prague (German) Naturhistorical Association „Lotos“ is mentioned as well. The professional carriers of some of Mach’s Prague university students and assistant are included.
Keywords:
Ernst Mach; physics
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Ernst Mach, his Prague physics students and their careers
Based on archives, written memoirs and literature on history of science, the paper describes the teaching and research activities of physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach (1838-1916) during his stay in ...
Post-war restitution in Czechoslovakia and related problems
Krejčová, Helena
2008 - English
To face up to the war time period was very difficult in the post-war Czechoslovakia and determined by the war experience in both parts of the republic (Czech countries and Slovakia) which in fact affected the state approach to the restitution – first starting with the unique willingness, later changed according to the ideological and political limits. The conference paper is focused on several particular cases with the emphases on the activity of the National Administration of Property Assets and on the different approach to the restitution (emigrants, Jews with German nationality and so-called repatriates). V poválečném Československu byl přístup k vyrovnání se s obdobím války velmi složitý, determinovaný válečnou zkušeností obou částí republiky (české země a Slovensko), což také výrazně ovlivnilo vztah státu k restitucím. Jeho počáteční jednoznačná vstřícnost byla postupem doby stále více limitována ideologicky a politicky. Příspěvek se , na příkladu některých konkrétních případů, zaměřuje na činnost Národní správy majetkových podstat a na různorodý přístup k restitucím (k emigrantům, židům německé národnosti a tzv. navrátilcům).
Keywords:
restitution - art works
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Post-war restitution in Czechoslovakia and related problems
To face up to the war time period was very difficult in the post-war Czechoslovakia and determined by the war experience in both parts of the republic (Czech countries and Slovakia) which in fact ...
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