Počet nalezených dokumentů: 459
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF AEROSOL FROM OPEN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS DURING THE TRADITIONAL “BURNING OF THE WITCHES”
Mbengue, Saliou; Vodička, Petr; Komínková, Kateřina; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Vítková, Gabriela; Windell, Laurence Christian; Suchánková, Lenka; Lhotka, Radek; Julaha, Kajal; Prokeš, Roman; Šmejkalová Holubová, A.; Ondráček, Jakub; Ždímal, Vladimír; Holoubek, Ivan
2023 - anglický
Open biomass burning (OBB) is a major source releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health and climate (Andreae, 2019, Chen et al., 2017). OBB aerosols mainly consist of carbonaceous matter, and a considerable amount of inorganic salts, which present distinctly different optical properties (Chen et al., 2017, Reid et al., 2005). In this study, we investigate the influence of OBB during the traditional Burning of the Witches (BoW), referred to in Czech as “Pálení čarodějnic”, on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols collected at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (NAOK). The BoW is a centuries-old pagan tradition very popular in the Czech Republic. Today, it is celebrated during the night from April 30 to May 1 by lighting bonfires made of woodpiles with fake witches. Klíčová slova: biomass burning; air pollution; size distribution; atmospheric ageing Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF AEROSOL FROM OPEN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS DURING THE TRADITIONAL “BURNING OF THE WITCHES”

Open biomass burning (OBB) is a major source releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health ...

Mbengue, Saliou; Vodička, Petr; Komínková, Kateřina; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Vítková, Gabriela; Windell, Laurence Christian; Suchánková, Lenka; Lhotka, Radek; Julaha, Kajal; Prokeš, Roman; Šmejkalová Holubová, A.; Ondráček, Jakub; Ždímal, Vladimír; Holoubek, Ivan
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2023

PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Suchánková, Lenka; Bourrianne, E.; De Fillipi, R.; De Brito, J. F.; Riffault, V.; Prokeš, Roman; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.; Crumeyrolle, S.
2023 - anglický
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol emissions can induce long-term global climate effects (Szopa et al., 2021). Thus, the measurement of aerosol properties is essential for better understanding of aerosol’s impact on health and climate. Although several international projects and platforms have been monitoring AA properties worldwide (GAW, WMO, ACTRIS, EMEP, EUCAARI, etc., Pandolfi et al., 2018), only PM10 or PM2.5 cutoff sizes have been used for measurements, and information about PM1 particles is missing. \nThe aim of this study is to present aerosol scattering properties with supporting data of absorption and particle number size distribution in PM1 in years 2018-2022 at peri-urban atmospheric site “Atmospheric Observations in LiLLE (ATOLL) in Lille, France. This study is the first to present results dedicated to aerosol scattering properties at this site. Klíčová slova: pm1; scattering coefficient; nephelometer; fossil fuel and biomass burning contribution; aethalometer; smps Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL

Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol ...

Suchánková, Lenka; Bourrianne, E.; De Fillipi, R.; De Brito, J. F.; Riffault, V.; Prokeš, Roman; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.; Crumeyrolle, S.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2023

Ekosystémové služby lesa: vybrané poznatky
Melichar, J.; Horváthová, Eva
2023 - český
Hodnocení ekosystémových služeb (ES) se v průběhu posledních dvou dekád stalo důležitým koncepčním a modelovým nástrojem využívaným při kvantifikaci příspěvku jednotlivých ekosystémů (včetně globálního)\na biologické rozmanitosti k lidskému blahobytu. I když existuje celá řada koncepčních rámců a široká škála empirických aplikací, chybí podrobnější teoretická vymezení opírající se o ekologické a ekonomické teorie a rovněž\npřetrvává nejednoznačnost v definování pojmu ekosystémová služba. Ad hoc vymezení a obecná formulace tohoto pojmu je pak limitující v interpretaci dosažených výsledků, možnosti srovnání napříč studiemi, včetně provádění přenosu hodnot a funkcí hodnot, či při koncipování ekonomických nástrojů jakým jsou např. platby za ekosystémový služby. V tomto příspěvku proto diskutujeme pojmy jako je konečný produkt, meziprodukt, ekologická produkční funkce a funkce užitku, tedy pojmy, které jsou určující pro korektní vymezení ES z pohledu ekonomické teorie. The assessment of ecosystem services (ES) has become an important concept during the last two decades and a model tool used to quantify the contribution of individual ecosystems (including the global one)\nand biodiversity to human well-being. Although there are a number of conceptual frameworks and a wide variety empirical applications, there is a lack of more detailed theoretical definitions based on ecological and economic theories as well ambiguity persists in defining the term ecosystem service. Ad hoc delineation and general formulation of this the concept is then limiting in the interpretation of the achieved results, the possibility of comparison across studies, including implementation transfer of values and functions of values, or when designing economic instruments such as payments for ecosystem services. Therefore, in this paper we discuss terms such as final product, intermediate product,\necological production function and utility function, i.e. concepts that are decisive for the correct definition of ES from the point of view economic theory. Klíčová slova: ecosystem service; forest ecosystem; ecological function; utility function; social benefits Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Ekosystémové služby lesa: vybrané poznatky

Hodnocení ekosystémových služeb (ES) se v průběhu posledních dvou dekád stalo důležitým koncepčním a modelovým nástrojem využívaným při kvantifikaci příspěvku jednotlivých ekosystémů (včetně ...

Melichar, J.; Horváthová, Eva
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2023

Dendrochronology improves understanding of the charcoal production history, increasing the tourist potential in the Drahany Highlands
Rybníček, Michal; Bajer, A.; Friedl, M.; Knott, R.; Kočár, Petr; Kučera, A.; Novák, J.; Vavrčík, H.; Kolář, Tomáš
2022 - anglický
Over the last two years, three selected forest sites from Drahany Highlands were examined for traces of human activity. The most frequent traces found, and common to all three sites, were remains of charcoal production. This paper provides an anatomical and dendrochronological analysis of the charcoals found in two charcoal pile remains from each site. The species composition of the charcoals at the southern site was dominated by oak, followed by birch and hornbeam. Fir was more common than oak, beech, poplar, birch and hornbeam at the central site. Fir and beech were found at the northern site. By using dendrochronology, 23 fir, oak and beech charcoals were dated with the oldest sample coming from a central site and dated from the period 1753–1758. Charcoals from the three other charcoal piles fell into the first half of the 19th century. Radiocarbon dating of charcoals selected gave a very wide age range (1640–1955), except for one case (1399–1435). Providing information on the age of a charcoal pile can help raise public awareness and interest in viewing the sites where charcoal burners used to be active in the forests. Klíčová slova: Charcoal pile; culture heritage; tourism; tree rings; wood species Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Dendrochronology improves understanding of the charcoal production history, increasing the tourist potential in the Drahany Highlands

Over the last two years, three selected forest sites from Drahany Highlands were examined for traces of human activity. The most frequent traces found, and common to all three sites, were remains of ...

Rybníček, Michal; Bajer, A.; Friedl, M.; Knott, R.; Kočár, Petr; Kučera, A.; Novák, J.; Vavrčík, H.; Kolář, Tomáš
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2022

The impact of covid-19 restrictions on carbonaceous aerosols at rural background site: importance of vertical distribution
Mbengue, Saliou; Vodička, Petr; Komínková, Kateřina; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Prokeš, Roman; Suchánková, Lenka; Julaha, Kajal; Ondráček, Jakub; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, Vladimír
2022 - anglický
In this study, EC and OC at 4 m elevation and EC at 230 m elevation showed a similar \nseasonal pattern with higher values in winter and lower values in summer. OC, measured \nat 230 m height showed an opposite behavior with slightly higher values in spring and \nsummer, probably related to the increased contribution of secondary organic carbon \n(SOC). Concentrations were generally higher at 4 m, where there was also a better \ncorrelation between EC and OC, suggesting a greater influence of local sources near the \nsurface. Klíčová slova: COVID-19; Vertical distribution; Organic – elemental carbon; Rural background site Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
The impact of covid-19 restrictions on carbonaceous aerosols at rural background site: importance of vertical distribution

In this study, EC and OC at 4 m elevation and EC at 230 m elevation showed a similar \nseasonal pattern with higher values in winter and lower values in summer. OC, measured \nat 230 m height showed ...

Mbengue, Saliou; Vodička, Petr; Komínková, Kateřina; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Prokeš, Roman; Suchánková, Lenka; Julaha, Kajal; Ondráček, Jakub; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, Vladimír
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2022

Short-term application of elevated temperature and drought influences the isotopic composition of winter wheat grains
Pernicová, Natálie; Urban, Otmar; Čáslavský, Josef; Klem, Karel; Trnka, Miroslav
2021 - anglický
The study aimed to determine the differences in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios in grains of three winter wheat varieties grown under optimal and stress conditions. We found that the wheat variety has a significant effect on both δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios. Short-term (nine days) exposure to drought and high temperature during the heading or stem extension development phase significantly enhanced δ13C values, but only high temperature affected δ15N values. Enhanced δ15N values support the assumption that global warming causes a higher representation of the 15N isotope in plants. Moreover, significant interactive effects of temperature and water availability on the values of both isotopes were found implying that C and N metabolisms have been altered under the investigated stress conditions. We conclude that δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios of cereal grains are sensitive indicators of stress conditions, even short-term ones Klíčová slova: wheat; grain; 13C; 15N; drought; high temperature Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Short-term application of elevated temperature and drought influences the isotopic composition of winter wheat grains

The study aimed to determine the differences in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios in grains of three winter wheat varieties grown under optimal and stress conditions. We found ...

Pernicová, Natálie; Urban, Otmar; Čáslavský, Josef; Klem, Karel; Trnka, Miroslav
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic
Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
2021 - anglický
In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the impacts\nof biophysical effects and often ignore the cross-sectoral interactions and economic effects on relative competitiveness, international trade, global food supply, and food prices for the Czech Republic. Ignoring future productivity changes globally under climate change scenarios can underestimate or overestimate climate change impacts at the national level. Here, we use GLOBIOM-CZE, a global economic model, as part of a climate change impact assessment framework to evaluate the impacts on the Czech agricultural sector in terms of environmental and economic indicators. By comparing with the baseline, the ensemble of scenarios suggests a decrease in crop area and production while increasing grassland, positively affecting livestock production by mid-century. Corn and barley show the most adverse response in production and area, while rapeseed increases under scenario RCP 8.5 with CO2 fertilization effect. Livestock products production is projected to increase, especially bovine meat and milk, as within RCP 8.5, no constraints are placed on growing greenhouse gas emissions. Klíčová slova: climate change impacts; Czech agriculture; global assessment model Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic

In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the ...

Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management
Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
2021 - anglický
Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning intensities in a 40-year-old spruce forest in South Moravia. Tree transpiration was significantly higher under moderate and heavy intensity compared to low intensity and control plots. Tree transpiration differed also among trees of different sizes within the treatments and also between the treatments. The stem increment was visibly increasing with the intensity of treatment, particularly for suppressed trees. The findings show an ecological tree response two years after the thinning. Klíčová slova: norway spruce; norway spruce; water consumption; sap flow; biomass production; thinning treatment Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management

Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning ...

Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Yield formation parameters of winter wheat under two CO2 levels in water sufficient and depleted environment
Hlaváčová, Marcela; Klem, Karel; Veselá, Barbora; Findurová, Hana; Hlavinka, Petr; Smutná, P.; Horáková, V.; Škarpa, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
2021 - anglický
Agricultural production faces with ongoing climate that in Europe takes form of changing seasonal precipitation pattern with more frequent drought spells. These changes come on top of rising air temperature and did and will affect productivity as well as onset and duration of key developmental stages for yield formation of major staple crops such as wheat. In order to ensure stable agricultural production and satisfy demand of the increasing humanpopulation, it is crucial to know responses of major field crops to these abiotic stress factors to assess suitability of genotypes to specific environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate final yield formation parameters of five winter wheat genotypes cultivated in pots and exposed to two different levels of CO2 concentrations (400 ppm as ambient and 700 ppm as elevated CO2 concentrations) and two water treatments (well- watered control and drought-stressed plants). Theexperimental treatments were set up in growth chambers from the end of heading stage (BBCH 59)to the beginning of ripening stage (BBCH 71) to simulate the conditions under future climate. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration led to: (1) mitigation of reduction in final yield formation parameters of drought-stressed plants compared to those of control, (2) enhanced results of drought-stressed treatments compared to those of drought-stressed treatments exposed to the ambient CO2 concentration. Pannonia NS was found out as the less responsive genotype to the exposition of CO2 concentration (no statistically significant differences among ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations in all yield formation parameters were identified). On contrary, harvest index of genotype Bohemia was identified as the most sensitive parameter in response to drought stress as well as to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Klíčová slova: drought stress; elevated co2; triticum aestivum; growth chambe; yield formation parameters Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Yield formation parameters of winter wheat under two CO2 levels in water sufficient and depleted environment

Agricultural production faces with ongoing climate that in Europe takes form of changing seasonal precipitation pattern with more frequent drought spells. These changes come on top of rising air ...

Hlaváčová, Marcela; Klem, Karel; Veselá, Barbora; Findurová, Hana; Hlavinka, Petr; Smutná, P.; Horáková, V.; Škarpa, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

Atmospheric CO2 concentration, light intensity and nitrogen nutrition affect spring barley response to drought and heat stress
Findurová, Hana; Veselá, Barbora; Opoku, Emmanuel; Klem, Karel
2021 - anglický
The aim of this study was to compare physiological responses of two spring barley varieties,\ndiffering in their oxidative stress tolerance, to drought and heat stress after pre-treatment under different\nirradiation regimes, CO2 concentrations, and nitrogen fertilisation levels. High light intensity, elevated\nCO2, and additional UV radiation increased flavonoid accumulation. Moreover, more flavonoids were\ninduced in oxidative stress-sensitive variety Barke. Combined drought and heat stress caused a large\ndecline in CO2 assimilation, whereas heat stress alone caused only minor changes. Under combined\nstress, plants grown under low light intensity and no UV irradiation performed the best despite their\nhigher initial water use efficiency and lower flavonoids content. Klíčová slova: flavonoids; co2 assimilation; water use-efficiency; barke; bojos Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Atmospheric CO2 concentration, light intensity and nitrogen nutrition affect spring barley response to drought and heat stress

The aim of this study was to compare physiological responses of two spring barley varieties,\ndiffering in their oxidative stress tolerance, to drought and heat stress after pre-treatment under ...

Findurová, Hana; Veselá, Barbora; Opoku, Emmanuel; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2021

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