Number of found documents: 262
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The Influence of traditional ways of management on the State of Coppice - Results in 2018
Balková, M.; Dařenová, Eva; Friedl, M.; Hloucalová, P.; Kadavý, J.; Kneifl, M.; Knott, M.; Kučera, A.; Slach, T.; Skládanka, J.; Uchytilová, Tereza; Uherková, B.; Vichta, T.; Volařík, D.
2018 - English
The most pronounced increase in number of herb species was remarked in the clear cut+litter gathering treatment. Harvest led to an increase in soil temperature and moisture. TheCO2efflux was the highest in September, namely in control treatment. The lowest intensity of root growth was remarked in the control treatment. Variants with litter gathering had smaller (28.9%) relative growth ratio. Keywords: grazing; litter gathering; standards; sprouts; soil; herbs Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The Influence of traditional ways of management on the State of Coppice - Results in 2018

The most pronounced increase in number of herb species was remarked in the clear cut+litter gathering treatment. Harvest led to an increase in soil temperature and moisture. TheCO2efflux ...

Balková, M.; Dařenová, Eva; Friedl, M.; Hloucalová, P.; Kadavý, J.; Kneifl, M.; Knott, M.; Kučera, A.; Slach, T.; Skládanka, J.; Uchytilová, Tereza; Uherková, B.; Vichta, T.; Volařík, D.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2018

Response of aerosol concentrations to the daily atmospheric boundary layer variability at the national atmospheric observatory Košetice
Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír; Komínková, Kateřina; Holoubek, Ivan
2018 - English
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the part of the troposphere directly influenced by the properties of the Earth’s surface. The ABL thickness reaches from hundreds of meters to a few kilometres. The daily cycle of the ABL height is primarily result of interaction between incoming solar radiation and Earth’s surface heat fluxes because a turbulent motion is dominant in this layer. Air pollutants are generally emitted from surface and their measured concentrations are also influenced by dilution of the atmosphere, or ABL thickness. This study is focused on the linkage between the diurnal ABL height evolution and aerosol particle number concentrations. Keywords: Atmospheric boundary layer; Aerosol total number concentrations; Polynomial regression Available in a digital repository NRGL
Response of aerosol concentrations to the daily atmospheric boundary layer variability at the national atmospheric observatory Košetice

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the part of the troposphere directly influenced by the properties of the Earth’s surface. The ABL thickness reaches from hundreds of meters to a few kilometres. ...

Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír; Komínková, Kateřina; Holoubek, Ivan
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2018

Impacts of hydrometeorological extremes in South Moravia based on documentary evidence
Chromá, Kateřina; Dolák, Lukáš; Brázdil, Rudolf; Řezníčková, Ladislava
2017 - English
Hydrometeorological extremes have influenced human lives significantly in the past, just as they continue\nto do today. To analyse these influences in the past, information is needed from before the start of systematic\nmeteorological and hydrological observations. Documentary evidence constitutes a very rich source of\ninformation about past hydrometeorological extremes. This paper focuses on impacts of hydrometeorological\nextremes on agriculture and material property and their socio-economic consequences. It also discusses\nthe potential and limitations of such documentary evidence. Despite documentary evidence’s several\nlimitations (e.g. spatial and temporal uncertainty, uncertainty in the annual distribution of records, in\nthe type of extreme, etc.), it is a promising source of information useful for future studies. Keywords: documentary evidence; hydrometeorological extremes; impacts; South Moravia Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Impacts of hydrometeorological extremes in South Moravia based on documentary evidence

Hydrometeorological extremes have influenced human lives significantly in the past, just as they continue\nto do today. To analyse these influences in the past, information is needed from before the ...

Chromá, Kateřina; Dolák, Lukáš; Brázdil, Rudolf; Řezníčková, Ladislava
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

Comparison of leaf area index dynamics and radiation use efficiency of C3 crops in the Czech Republic
Tripathi, Abishek; Pohanková, Eva; Trnka, Miroslav; Klem, Karel
2017 - English
Leaf area index (LAI) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) are key parameters for plant growth and productivity.\nBecause of irregularities in weather conditions, accurate estimation of crop production requires\nunderstanding relationships between weather, LAI, RUE, and final production. It is thus important to\nstudy how the LAI dynamics, leaf area duration (LAD), and RUE are related to aboveground biomass production\nfor different crops. In our study, we compared aboveground dry mass production, LAI dynamics,\nRUE, and LAD in three C3 crops (spring barley [SB], winter wheat [WW], and oilseed rape [OSR]) in the\nCzech Republic. LAI was measured on the basis of transmitted photosynthetically active radiation, LAD\nwas calculated by counting the number of days in the growing season, RUE was measured using Beer’s\nlaw, and the aboveground dry mass was estimated at the time of harvest. Results of our study showed high\nbiomass production and RUE in SB while there was highest maximum LAI (LAImax) and LAD in OSR. We\nconcluded that LAI dynamics or LAImax do not fully reflect the crop production and that RUE may be considered\nas a better indicator for aboveground dry mass production. Keywords: leaf area; index dynamics; radiations use efficiency; Czech Republic Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Comparison of leaf area index dynamics and radiation use efficiency of C3 crops in the Czech Republic

Leaf area index (LAI) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) are key parameters for plant growth and productivity.\nBecause of irregularities in weather conditions, accurate estimation of crop production ...

Tripathi, Abishek; Pohanková, Eva; Trnka, Miroslav; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

Stem emissions from poplar hybrids grown in a shortrotation plantation contribute to ecosystem balance of nitrous oxide and methane
Macháčová, Kateřina; Kreuzwieser, J.; Rennenberg, H.
2017 - English
The expansion of short-rotation coppices (SRCs) of fast-growing trees can affect the global balance of greenhouse\ngases (GHGs). These include not only carbon dioxide (CO2) but also methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide\n(N2O), both naturally produced by soil microorganisms. Trees are known to exchange CH4 and N2O with\nthe atmosphere. To date, however, the fluxes of these gases from fast-growing trees have been excluded from\nestimation of the GHGs balance for SRCs. Our objectives were to quantify and scale up CH4 and N2O fluxes\nfrom stems of the fast-growing poplar hybrids Max4 and Monviso at an SRC in southwest Germany. Our\ncase study shows that the stems of both hybrids were sources of N2O and CH4, even though consumption of\nCH4 was also observed. The hybrids did not differ in their exchange capacity. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in\nhigher stem N2O emissions compared to non-fertilized trees. The emissions of N2O and CH4 from stems contributed\nas much as 1.5% and 1.2% of soil N2O emission and soil CH4 uptake, respectively. Keywords: stem emission; poplar hybrids grown; short-rotation plantation; ecosystem balance; nitrous oxide Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Stem emissions from poplar hybrids grown in a shortrotation plantation contribute to ecosystem balance of nitrous oxide and methane

The expansion of short-rotation coppices (SRCs) of fast-growing trees can affect the global balance of greenhouse\ngases (GHGs). These include not only carbon dioxide (CO2) but also methane (CH4) and ...

Macháčová, Kateřina; Kreuzwieser, J.; Rennenberg, H.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

Potential of flux-variance and surface renewal methods for sensible heat flux measurements at agricultural and forest surfaces
Fischer, Milan; Katul, G.; Pozníková, Gabriela; Noormets, A.; Domec, J.-C.; Trnka, Miroslav; King, J.
2017 - English
Two alternative micrometeorological methods, flux-variance (FV) and surface renewal (SR), based on\nmeasurements of high-frequency temperature fluctuation and Obukhov length stability parameter, were\ntested against eddy covariance (EC) sensible heat flux (H) measurements. The study was conducted at\nthree sites representing agricultural, forestry, and agroforestry systems. In terms of measurement setup,\nthese sites represented surface, roughness, and canopy top layer, respectively. As expected, the best match\nof all the methods was in the surface layer, whilst it was poorer in the roughness and canopy sublayers.\nSystematic deviation from EC across all three investigated surfaces was within 16% and 8% for FV and SR,\nrespectively. While FV resulted in higher correlation with EC measurements (0.93–0.98 vs. 0.89–0.97),\nSR provided less systematic biases (1.02–1.08 vs. 0.94–1.16). In general, both FV and SR provided slightly\nhigher H as compared to EC. We suggest that parallel deployment of FV and SR is useful, as both methods\nrequire the same instrumentation yet they are based on sufficiently different theories. Therefore, the agreement\nbetween FV and SR increases confidence in the results obtained and vice versa. Keywords: Temperature fluctuation; flux variance; agriculture and forest surface Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Potential of flux-variance and surface renewal methods for sensible heat flux measurements at agricultural and forest surfaces

Two alternative micrometeorological methods, flux-variance (FV) and surface renewal (SR), based on\nmeasurements of high-frequency temperature fluctuation and Obukhov length stability parameter, ...

Fischer, Milan; Katul, G.; Pozníková, Gabriela; Noormets, A.; Domec, J.-C.; Trnka, Miroslav; King, J.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

Do Invasive Alien Species Affect Diversity of Local Communities?
Kindlmann, Pavel; Honěk, A.; Martinková, Z.
2017 - English
Here we present results of simulation models to investigate the diversity dynamics in a theoretical system consisting of an "original" community of native species and an invasive alien species that invades this community, thus creating a "new" community. See Kindlmann et al. (2017) for full details of the simulations and results. Keywords: invasive species; local diversity Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Do Invasive Alien Species Affect Diversity of Local Communities?

Here we present results of simulation models to investigate the diversity dynamics in a theoretical system consisting of an "original" community of native species and an invasive alien species that ...

Kindlmann, Pavel; Honěk, A.; Martinková, Z.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

Highly time resolved measurement of atmospheric elemental and organic carbon at a typical background site in Central Europe.
Mbengue, Saliou; Fusek, M.; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Holoubek, Ivan
2017 - English
Atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, climate change and public health. There have been relatively few studies dealing with EC and OC in rural background sites which are less influenced by urban and industrial emissions. Nevertheless, measurements at background areas are important for understanding the transport and transformation characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutants, and their effects on various aspects of regional and global environment changes. In this study, we focus on variability of EC and OC concentrations (considering various day categories and seasons) from a rural background site which is representative for Central European rural areas.\n Keywords: organic carbon and elemental carbon; rural background; OC/EC ratio; variability Fulltext is available at external website.
Highly time resolved measurement of atmospheric elemental and organic carbon at a typical background site in Central Europe.

Atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, climate change and public health. There have been relatively few studies dealing with EC and OC in ...

Mbengue, Saliou; Fusek, M.; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Holoubek, Ivan
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

USE OF NORWAY SPRUCE AS ADMIXTURE IN SUBURBAN FORESTS AT LOWER ALTITUDES
Novosadová, K.; Knott, R.; Szatniewska, Justyna
2017 - English
In suburban forestry there is a need not only to manage a maximum financial result, but also to support recreational and aesthetic forest functions. Thus, these forests need professional treatments in the form of proper silvicultural methods to maintain stand stability. One of these methods is cultivation of mixed stands with Norway spruce. This study examines the mortality of spruce growing in stands in lower forest vegetation zones with time series of 50 years and the changes in biomass production in young variously mixed stands in three different vegetation zones. According to the results, it is beneficial to grow spruce in the range from 5 to 10% of admixture in stand establishment stage. Due to silvicultural treatments and inter species interactions, spruce representation in a stand may increase to 30% in the mature stands. Spruce trees tended this way in young age partly will be outcompeted by other species, but the remaining individuals will adapt to the existing environmental conditions and thus the whole stand will be more stable. Biomass production of spruce trees depends on its representation in the stand. The higher the spruce admixture, the lower will be average spruce tree biomass. The study indicated that in young stands up to 30% of spruce representation, its biomass was up to 100% greater than in spruce monocultures. Keywords: growth; climate; europe; stands; recreational forests; biomass; mortality Available at various institutes of the ASCR
USE OF NORWAY SPRUCE AS ADMIXTURE IN SUBURBAN FORESTS AT LOWER ALTITUDES

In suburban forestry there is a need not only to manage a maximum financial result, but also to support recreational and aesthetic forest functions. Thus, these forests need professional treatments in ...

Novosadová, K.; Knott, R.; Szatniewska, Justyna
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

Statistical analyses of Land Surface Temperature in Local Climate Zones: Case study of Brno and Prague (Czech Republic)
Geletič, Jan; Dobrovolný, Petr; Lehnert, M.
2017 - English
The classification of "local climate zones" (LCZs) emerged in urban climatology to standardize description of urban climate research sites. One of the goals of classification was to get beyond urban-rural dichotomy which enabled to study urban air temperature field in more detail. Based on empirical and modelling work LCZ have proven effective in examining intra-urban air temperature differences, however a robust examination of intra-urban land surface temperatures using the LCZ framework remains elusive. In this study a GIS-based method is used for LCZ delimitation in Prague and Brno (Czech Republic), while land surface temperatures (LSTs) derived from LANDSAT and ASTER satellite data are employed for exploring the extent to which LCZ classes discriminate with respect to LSTs. Results indicate that LCZs demonstrate the features typical of LST variability, and thus typical surface temperatures differ significantly among most LCZs. ANOVA and subsequent multiple comparison tests demonstrated that significant temperature differences between the various LCZs prevail in both cities (89.3% and 91.6% significant LST differences for Brno and Prague respectively). In general, LCZ 8 (large low-rise buildings), LCZ 10 (heavy industry) and LCZ D (low plants) are well-distinguishable, while LCZ 2 (compact midrise), LCZ 4 (open high-rise), and LCZ 9 (sparsely built-up) are less distinguishable in terms of their LST. In most of the scenes LCZ 10 (heavy industry), LCZ 2 (mid-rise buildings) and LCZ 3 (low-rise building) are the warmest and LCZ G (water bodies) and LCZ A (dense forest) are the coolest zones in term of their LST. Further studies are needed to account for observational errors (such as seasons differences or thermal anisotropy) on LCZ LST patterns. Keywords: Land Surface Temperature; Local Climate Zones; aster; landsat; Analysis of variance Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Statistical analyses of Land Surface Temperature in Local Climate Zones: Case study of Brno and Prague (Czech Republic)

The classification of "local climate zones" (LCZs) emerged in urban climatology to standardize description of urban climate research sites. One of the goals of classification was to get beyond ...

Geletič, Jan; Dobrovolný, Petr; Lehnert, M.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2017

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