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Exploring the Contribution of Isochrony-based Features to Computerized Assessment of Handwriting Disabilities
Gavenčiak, M.; Zvončák, V.; Mekyska, J.; Šafárová, Katarína; Čunek, Lukáš; Urbánek, Tomáš; Havigerová, Jana Marie; Bednářová, Jiřina; Galáž, Z.; Mucha, J.
2022 - English
Approximately 30–60 % of the time children spend in school is associated with handwriting. However, up to 30 % of them experience handwriting disabilities (HD), which lead to a decrease in their academic performance. Current HD assessment methods are not unified and show signs of subjectivity which can lead to misdiagnosis. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to objective HD assessment based on the principle of movement isochrony. For this purpose, we used a database of 137 children attending a primary school, who performed a transcription and dictation task, and who were associated with a BHK (Concise Evaluation Scale for Children's Handwriting) score. Employing a machine learning model, we were able to estimate this score with 18 % error. An interpretation of the model suggests that the isochrony-based features could bring new benefits to the objective assessment of HD.
Keywords:
developmental dysgraphia; handwriting difficulties; isochrony; online handwriting
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Exploring the Contribution of Isochrony-based Features to Computerized Assessment of Handwriting Disabilities
Approximately 30–60 % of the time children spend in school is associated with handwriting. However, up to 30 % of them experience handwriting disabilities (HD), which lead to a decrease in their ...
Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit; Kurylo, Bohdana; Špeciánová, J.
2022 - English
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high concentration of refugees in some districts has the potential to burden the school and healthcare systems, as well as the housing market. This project aims to provide an explanation for the unequal distribution of refugees by studying the determinants of refugee location choices in the Czech Republic, including ethnic networks and employment prospects. We provided evidence of a positive association between the number of Ukrainian refugees and (i) the stock of previous Ukrainian immigrants (our measure of ethnic networks) and (ii) the number of available job positions. In addition, we conducted a review of previous studies on the effectiveness of dispersal policies and determined that such policies exert ambiguous effects on refugee labor market integration. Hence, dispersal policies need to consider the integration of refugees and their intentions to remain in the country.
Keywords:
Ukrainian refugees; Czech Republic; geographical distribution
Fulltext is available at external website.
Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high ...
Organization of knowledge and taxation
Kapička, Marek; Slavík, Ctirad
2021 - English
This paper studies how labor income taxation interacts with the organization of knowledge and production, and ultimately the distribution of wages in the economy. A more progressive tax system reduces the time that managers allocate to work. This makes the organization of production less efficient and reduces wages at both tails of the distribution, which increases lower tail wage inequality and decreases upper tail wage inequality. The optimal tax system is substantially less progressive than the current one in the United States. However, if wages were exogenous, the optimal tax progressivity would be much higher.
Keywords:
inequality; knowledge based hierarchies; income taxation
Fulltext is available at external website.
Organization of knowledge and taxation
This paper studies how labor income taxation interacts with the organization of knowledge and production, and ultimately the distribution of wages in the economy. A more progressive tax system reduces ...
Form of preference misalignment linked to state-pooling structure in Bayesian persuasion
Rehák, Rastislav; Senkov, Maxim
2021 - English
We study a Bayesian persuasion model in which the state space is finite, the sender and the receiver have state-dependent quadratic loss functions, and their disagreement regarding the preferred action is of arbitrary form. This framework enables us to focus on the understudied sender’s trade-off between the informativeness of the signal and the concealment of the state-dependent disagreement about the preferred action. In particular, we study which states are pooled together in the supports of posteriors of the optimal signal. We provide an illustrative graph procedure that takes the form of preference misalignment and outputs potential representations of the state-pooling structure. Our model provides insights into situations in which the sender and the receiver care about two different but connected issues, for example, the interaction of a political advisor who cares about the state of the economy with a politician who cares about the political situation.
Keywords:
Bayesian persuasion; strategic state pooling; preference misalignment
Fulltext is available at external website.
Form of preference misalignment linked to state-pooling structure in Bayesian persuasion
We study a Bayesian persuasion model in which the state space is finite, the sender and the receiver have state-dependent quadratic loss functions, and their disagreement regarding the preferred ...
Extension of Working Lives in the Czech Republic: Employee Situation. Policy brief DAISIE project
Křížková, Alena; Dudová, Radka; Pospíšilová, Marie; Heřmanová, Marie
2021 - English
This policy brief summarises research project results examining ageing conditions across three sectors: transport, healthcare and banking. It aims to respond to the still insufficient discussion on the needs and opportunities of women and men of pre-retirement age and in the process of retirement in the Czech labour market. Gender and age inequalities accumulate over the life course resulting in significantly lower pensions for women compared to men or making it impossible to retire with a decent pension. Uniform retirement ages does not suit everyone equally. The organisation of work in specific occupations has specific negative effects on the health of older women and men. Changes in profession, position or working time in pre-retirement age is not easily obtainable. The policy brief suggests recommendations for state and policy makers, employers as well as good practice examples. Also published in Czech: https://www.soc.cas.cz/sites/default/files/publikace/daisie_policy_brief_cz.pdf
Keywords:
ageing; extension of working lives; retirement and pension policy; gender and age inequality; life course
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Extension of Working Lives in the Czech Republic: Employee Situation. Policy brief DAISIE project
This policy brief summarises research project results examining ageing conditions across three sectors: transport, healthcare and banking. It aims to respond to the still insufficient discussion on ...
UniSAFE Deliverable Report 3.2 Report on the European Policy Baseline
Fajmonová, Veronika; Huck, Averil; Andreska, Zuzana; Dvořáčková, Jana; Linková, Marcela; Struzińska, K.; Strid, S.; Hearn, J.; Husu, L.; Allori, A.; Wuiame, N.
2021 - English
The objective of this report is to establish a European baseline of policies in place to combat Gender-Based Violence (GBV) at the legal, policy level and the level of research funding organisations (RFO), as a fixed point of reference for future comparisons, by assessing existing laws and policies at the national and RFO levels in 27 countries in the EU. This is accompanied by analyses of four Associated Countries (Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, UK) and two Third Countries (Canada, USA) that were selected for comparison and as examples of existing practices. The analysis focuses specifically on dedicated legal and policy frameworks focused specifically on universities and research organisations, in order to map the special efforts made by national and regional authorities and RFOs to combat GBV at these specific institutions beyond generic anti-discrimination legislation and labour law protections.\n
Keywords:
gender-based violence; gender; research performing organisations; policy framework; legal framework; #metoo
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
UniSAFE Deliverable Report 3.2 Report on the European Policy Baseline
The objective of this report is to establish a European baseline of policies in place to combat Gender-Based Violence (GBV) at the legal, policy level and the level of research funding organisations ...
The Position of Women in Czech Science. 2019 Monitoring Report
Vomáčka, Aleš
2021 - English
The report provides information on the representation of women and men in several areas relevant to the research and development sector in the Czech Republic. The proportion of women students has increased over the last 15 years at all levels of study. In doctoral studies (by 9 percentage points) and in master's studies (by 12 percentage points). However, the proportion of men and women among researchers remains unchanged over time across all disciplines. Women accounted for 26% of researchers in 2005 and 24% in 2019 (in FTE). In European comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries with the lowest representation of women in research.
Keywords:
science; women; representation
Fulltext is available at external website.
The Position of Women in Czech Science. 2019 Monitoring Report
The report provides information on the representation of women and men in several areas relevant to the research and development sector in the Czech Republic. The proportion of women students has ...
Czech kurzarbeit: evidence from the first pandemic wave
Jurajda, Štěpán; Doleželová, P.
2021 - English
We describe the firm-type structure of the use of the main Czech kurzarbeit program (called Antivirus B) during the spring 2020 pandemic wave. Evidence based on the Structure of Earnings Survey shows large participation gaps in favor of large employers, and disproportionately high intensity of use of the program by manufacturing companies, in particular those exhibiting a declining wage bill already prior to the pandemic. Compared to other industries, manufacturing is thus able to ‘cover’ by kurzarbeit support the largest share of the decline in hours worked between the 2nd quarters of 2019 and 2020, with the exception of the hospitality and culture industries, which were directly affected by pandemic measures, such as restaurant closures.
Keywords:
kurzarbeit; COVID-19; Czech Republic
Fulltext is available at external website.
Czech kurzarbeit: evidence from the first pandemic wave
We describe the firm-type structure of the use of the main Czech kurzarbeit program (called Antivirus B) during the spring 2020 pandemic wave. Evidence based on the Structure of Earnings Survey shows ...
LATE estimators under costly non-compliance in student-college matching markets
Drlje, M.; Jurajda, Štěpán
2021 - English
A growing literature exploits a feature of centralized college admission systems where students with similar admission scores in a neighborhood of a school’s admission threshold are or are not offered admission based on small quasi-random differences in admission scores. Assuming that the students at the margin of admission differ only in the treatment assignment, this literature relies on admission scores to instrument for admission or graduation. We point out that non-compliance with the centralized matching assignment typically corresponds to enrolling in one’s preferred program a year after the initial assignment, introducing significant non-compliance costs. We show that with costly non-compliance, the exclusion restriction, the key assumption of the LATE theorem, is violated, leading to biased estimates when instrumenting for graduation, i.e., for a treatment taking place after non-compliance costs are incurred. We use data from a student-college matching market in Croatia to illustrate the empirical importance of this potential source of bias and propose a method inspired by Lee (2009), which recovers the treatment effect bounds under the assumption that the costs of non-compliance are not related to the treatment assignment.
Keywords:
LATE theorem; exclusion restriction; college admission
Fulltext is available at external website.
LATE estimators under costly non-compliance in student-college matching markets
A growing literature exploits a feature of centralized college admission systems where students with similar admission scores in a neighborhood of a school’s admission threshold are or are not offered ...
Make your own luck: the wage gains from starting college in a bad economy
Bičáková, Alena; Cortes, G. M.; Mazza, J.
2021 - English
Using data for nearly 40 cohorts of American college graduates and exploiting regional variation in economic conditions, we show robust evidence of a positive relationship between the unemployment rate at the time of college enrollment and subsequent annual earnings, particularly for women. This positive relationship cannot be explained by selection into employment or by economic conditions at the time of graduation. Changes in major field of study account for only about 10% of the observed earnings gains. The results are consistent with intensified effort exerted by students who experience bad economic times at the beginning of their studies.
Keywords:
business cycle; higher education; cohort effects
Fulltext is available at external website.
Make your own luck: the wage gains from starting college in a bad economy
Using data for nearly 40 cohorts of American college graduates and exploiting regional variation in economic conditions, we show robust evidence of a positive relationship between the unemployment ...
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