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The imitation of brocade fabrice in late mediavel altarpieces from Transilvania
Serendan, C.; Hradilová, J.; Hradil, David
2010 - English
The representation of rich brocade fabrics was one of the main and most striking features of European medieval paintings. What we see today is the impressive result of the artist's skills and the commissioner's preferences. To achieve this effect, medieval artists developed a large variety of materials and techniques. This paper presents the results of an integrated approach to the investigation of the techniques used by the painting workshops in Transylvania for the imitation of brocade fabrics. The investigation is carried out on a group of 12 largely unstudied Late Gothic Early Renaissance altarpieces built between 1450 1540 in German and Hungarian communities, these being some of the oldest panel paintings preserved in Romania. Over the period 2005-2010 these paintings were, for the first time subjected to an extensive technical investigation by complementary analytical methods. The in situ investigation combines visual examination and extensive non invasive point measurements by portable X-ray fluorescence. Due to their present location in various churches in Transylvania, a minimal sampling only was allowed for further elemental analysis carried out in laboratories. The laboratory investigations included light microscopy (in both visible and UV light), histochemical tests on cross-sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX spectrochemical microanalysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The study reveals the use of at least five different types of brocade imitation, including the sophisticated technique of applied relief brocades (Pressbrokat). Most of these five types are using a combination of techniques of decorative treatment of the ground layer with paint layers, coloured glazes and application of metal leafs.
Keywords:
Altarpieces; brocade imitation; panel painting; metal leafs; gilding
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The imitation of brocade fabrice in late mediavel altarpieces from Transilvania
The representation of rich brocade fabrics was one of the main and most striking features of European medieval paintings. What we see today is the impressive result of the artist's skills and the ...
Určení provenience jílových pigmentů
Švarcová, Silvie; Bezdička, Petr; Hradil, David; Žižak, I.
2010 - Czech
Přínos rentgenových difrakčních technik pro materiálovou analýzu malířských děl lze spatřovat v několika směrech. Application of X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD) in material analysis of artworks is beneficial in several aspects. Primarily it provides indisputable identification of crystal components found in colour layers, further it makes quantification of identified phases possible and last but not least it can also bring insight in material crystal structure. The crystal structure of materials is often affected by conditions which have been formed under, e.g. geological genesis, manufacturing procedure or secondary changes for example resulted from corrosive action of environment. The knowledge of the relation between the crystal structure of the material and its formation can be useful not only for art historic evaluation of the artwork but also for the artwork restoration and/or conservation. Within the example of clay mineral kaolinite, we show that its crystal order evaluation (based on XRD) can serve well to find its natural origin. We found kaolinite, the main component of kaolin (white earth), in a preparation layer of a Gothic wall painting in St. Maria-Magdalena Church in Bor near Karlovy Vary, where important kaolin deposits are situated. Comparing eight reference kaolins, we demonstrated that these can be differentiated just according to the kaolinite crystallinity (crystal structure ordering). Within this study we compared laboratory powder X-ray micro-diffraction (micro-XRD) with synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). We found that both techniques led to the same results.
Keywords:
index; paintings
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Určení provenience jílových pigmentů
Přínos rentgenových difrakčních technik pro materiálovou analýzu malířských děl lze spatřovat v několika směrech....
New kriteria for classification and differentiation between clay and iron oxide pigment sof various origins
Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.; Bezdička, Petr
2010 - English
Pigments containing iron, although they form a very large group, have never been considered very suitable for datation of color layers and identification of the origin of the painting, due to their abundant occurrence in nature, good availability and widespread use in all historical and pre-historical periods of time. In this paper we have verified that mineralogical composition of clay minerals in earthy pigments is a suitable tool for more detailed specification of material provenance and, in the case of ground layers, also the provenance of the artwork as such. It was obviously convenient to preferably use raw materials from a close and thus also cheaper source. For the purposes of statistical comparison we evaluated elemental composition of earthy grounds on 70 paintings from the 16(th)-18(th) centuries from Czech collections. We performed detailed mineralogical analyses for a selected representative number of grounds on 35 samples in total. We discerned 6 types of material in total 2 types of boles, 3 types of other earths, and one type representing iron-rich red from oxidized zones of hydrothermal ore deposits. We were able to distinguish between earthy pigments of Central European origin (coming from Czech and Bavarian locations) and those coming from North-Italian sources. Thus we were able to assign anonymous paintings to an appropriate place of origin.
Keywords:
earth pigments; earths; bole grounds; mineralogical analysis; clay minerals; X-ray microdiffraction
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
New kriteria for classification and differentiation between clay and iron oxide pigment sof various origins
Pigments containing iron, although they form a very large group, have never been considered very suitable for datation of color layers and identification of the origin of the painting, due to their ...
Energeticky citlivá rentgenová radiografie
Žemlička, J.; Jakoubek, J.; Kroupa, M.; Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.; Mislerová, H.
2010 - Czech
Malířská výtvarná díla patří z pohledu technické výstavby i skladby materiálů k nejkomplikovanějším – také proto je popis i zobrazení jejich vnitřní struktury nedestruktivním způsobem v současnosti velkou výzvou.Již několik desetiletí jsou k tomuto účelu s výhodou používány neinvazivní zobrazovací i analytické metody založené na interakci svazků ionizujícího záření s hmotou zkoumaného objektu. Pigments containing iron, although they form a very large group, have never been considered very suitable for datation of color layers and identification of the origin of the painting, due to their abundant occurrence in nature, good availability and widespread use in all historical and pre-historical periods of time. In this paper we have verified that mineralogical composition of clay minerals in earthy pigments is a suitable tool for more detailed specification of material provenance and, in the case of ground layers, also the provenance of the artwork as such. It was obviously convenient to preferably use raw materials from a close and thus also cheaper source. For the purposes of statistical comparison we evaluated elemental composition of earthy grounds on 70 paintings from the 16(th)-18(th) centuries from Czech collections. We performed detailed mineralogical analyses for a selected representative number of grounds on 35 samples in total. We discerned 6 types of material in total 2 types of boles, 3 types of other earths, and one type representing iron-rich red from oxidized zones of hydrothermal ore deposits. We were able to distinguish between earthy pigments of Central European origin (coming from Czech and Bavarian locations) and those coming from North-Italian sources. Thus we were able to assign anonymous paintings to an appropriate place of origin.
Keywords:
pixel detector; X-ray fluorescence imaging; X-ray transmission radiography; painted arts pigment analysis
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Energeticky citlivá rentgenová radiografie
Malířská výtvarná díla patří z pohledu technické výstavby i skladby materiálů k nejkomplikovanějším – také proto je popis i zobrazení jejich vnitřní struktury nedestruktivním způsobem v současnosti ...
Preparation and properties of manganise dioxide studied by EQCM
Špičák, P.; Novák, V.; Barath, P.; Vondrák, Jiří; Kazelle, J.
2009 - English
We can see a steady decrease both of the depth of the changes in one cycle and the total mass of the electrode, which indicates the termination of the life of the system perhaps due to slow dissolution of manganese oxide layer in the electrolyte.
Keywords:
accumulators; EQCM
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Preparation and properties of manganise dioxide studied by EQCM
We can see a steady decrease both of the depth of the changes in one cycle and the total mass of the electrode, which indicates the termination of the life of the system perhaps due to slow ...
Conductivity of carbon materials for alternative energy sources
Tichý, J.; Novák, V.; Barath, Peter
2009 - English
Object of this work was prepared electrodes with carbon materials and investigate their electrical properties.
Keywords:
electrodes with carbon materials
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Conductivity of carbon materials for alternative energy sources
Object of this work was prepared electrodes with carbon materials and investigate their electrical properties.
Stabilization effect of magnesium aditives in nickel hydroxide
Vrbický, J.; Vondrák, Jiří; Sedlaříková, M.
2009 - English
The capacity and stability of magnesium substituted alpha-Ni(OH)2 were investigated. Magnesium has no effect on nickel hydroxide electrochemical capacity. The effect of magnesium on stability is very low, the magnesium improves stability a little, but not more than 10 percent. This effects are not useable in commerce production.
Keywords:
nickel hydroxide
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Stabilization effect of magnesium aditives in nickel hydroxide
The capacity and stability of magnesium substituted alpha-Ni(OH)2 were investigated. Magnesium has no effect on nickel hydroxide electrochemical capacity. The effect of magnesium on stability is very ...
Electrolyzer for hydrogen production
Kunovjánek, M.; Vondrák, Jiří; Sedlaříková, M.
2009 - English
Purpose of this work was to create galvanic deposition of metals with electrocatalytic properties.
Keywords:
electrode
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Electrolyzer for hydrogen production
Purpose of this work was to create galvanic deposition of metals with electrocatalytic properties.
Synthesis of Ru-doped titania and its photocatalytic properties
Houšková, Vendula; Štengl, Václav; Murafa, Nataliya; Bakardjieva, Snejana
2009 - English
rystalline Mania particles doped with ruthenium oxide have been prepared by homogenous hydrolysis of TiOSO4 in aqueous solutions in the presence of thioacetamide and RuCl3 at 80 degrees C After annealing at 600 degrees C in oxygen atmosphere for 2 hours the synthesis of the Ru-doped Mania powders was complete The effects of the Ru doping on the morphology and microstructure of TiO2 nanoparticles and their impacts on the photocatalytic activity were studied The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption was used for surface area (BET) and porosity determination (BM) The photocatalytic activity of Ru-doped mania samples was determined by photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry during irradiation at 365 nm and 400 nm wavelength The Ru-doped Mania samples demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light.
Keywords:
X-ray diffraction (XRD); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Synthesis of Ru-doped titania and its photocatalytic properties
rystalline Mania particles doped with ruthenium oxide have been prepared by homogenous hydrolysis of TiOSO4 in aqueous solutions in the presence of thioacetamide and RuCl3 at 80 degrees C After ...
News concerning gel polymer electrolytes
Sedlaříková, M.; Vondrák, Jiří; Macalík, M.
2009 - English
Gel polymer electrolytes based on PMMA and aprotic solvents have been studied for a long time in our laboratory.
Keywords:
gel polymer electrolytes
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
News concerning gel polymer electrolytes
Gel polymer electrolytes based on PMMA and aprotic solvents have been studied for a long time in our laboratory.
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