Number of found documents: 1432
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A novel structurally characterized haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase from Thermococcus thioreducens with diverse substrate specificity
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Petra
2024 - English
This RNDr. thesis is focused on complex studies of a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase member with an unknown substrate specificity, isolated from a hyperthermofilic archeon Thermococcus thioreducens. The HAD phosphatase, internally named as Tt82, was isolated, expressed and purified using standard techniques and the crystal structure was solved by X-ray crystallography method. The refined crystal structure displayed characteristic HAD superfamily elements, such as the HAD canonical fold with the HAD signature motifs in the active site. Further, possible substrates for the enzyme were proposed and examined by computational docking in the active site of the HAD phosphatase. The results of the docking studies served as a basis for an experimental measurement of Tt82 enzymatic activity against selected substrates at two different temperatures. HAD phosphatase Tt82 is a promising target for the biotechnological field, mainly for its wide substrate specificity and higher temperature optima. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
A novel structurally characterized haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase from Thermococcus thioreducens with diverse substrate specificity

This RNDr. thesis is focused on complex studies of a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase member with an unknown substrate specificity, isolated from a hyperthermofilic archeon Thermococcus ...

HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Petra
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2024

Functional Ultrastructure of Hymenopteran Stingers: Devastating Spear or Delicate Syringe
ČERNÝ, Jan
2024 - English
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a micro-serrated edge on the honey bee Apis mellifera stinger tip serves as a tool for more intensive crushing of cell membranes in the victim's tissues. This could have mechanical consequences as well as initiate metabolic pathways linked to cell membrane breakdown (e.g., production of biogenic amines). Accordingly, we found that hymenopteran species that use their stingers as an offensive or defensive weapon to do as much damage to the victim's body as possible had this cuticular microstructure. In parasitic hymenopterans, on the other hand, this structure was missing, as stingers are solely used to delicately transport venom to the victim's body in order to do little mechanical harm. We also demonstrated that the stinger lancets of the honey bee A. mellifera are living organs with sensilla innervated by sensory neurons and containing other essential tissues, rather than mere cuticular structures. Keywords: bee; Hymenoptera; nerve; SEM; sensilla; stinger microstructure; TEM; ultrastructure Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Functional Ultrastructure of Hymenopteran Stingers: Devastating Spear or Delicate Syringe

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a micro-serrated edge on the honey bee Apis mellifera stinger tip serves as a tool for more intensive crushing of cell membranes in the victim's tissues. ...

ČERNÝ, Jan
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2024

Functional characterization of the insulin signaling pathway in the hard tick Ixodes ricinus
KOZELKOVÁ, Tereza
2024 - English
In this thesis, the molecular and functional characterization of the insulin receptor signaling pathway (ISP) in hard tick Ixodes ricinus was characterized. As obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites, ticks play a crucial role in the transmission of various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which has a significant impact on human and animal health. The parasite is strictly bonded with its host through a unidirectional transmission of nutrition for its survival, development, and reproduction. The ISP, a highly conserved system, regulates numerous physiological and anabolic processes to nutritional availability. This study aims to investigate the functionality of key components of the ISP pathway identified in the midgut transcriptome, namely the insulin receptor (IrInR), the protein kinase B called AKT (IrAKT), and the target of rapamycin (IrTOR). To achieve this goal, the expression profiles of these components in tick tissues during feeding and after detachment were investigated using qRT-PCR. Additionally, RNAi silencing of individual components was performed, and the phenotype of the ticks was observed. To further clarify the effects of ISP, immunization of rabbits with recombinant IrInR protein and tick infestation were investigated. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Functional characterization of the insulin signaling pathway in the hard tick Ixodes ricinus

In this thesis, the molecular and functional characterization of the insulin receptor signaling pathway (ISP) in hard tick Ixodes ricinus was characterized. As obligatory blood-feeding ...

KOZELKOVÁ, Tereza
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2024

Oligomerization state and pigment contents of algal light-harvesting proteins
MALINOVÁ, Kateřina
2023 - English
Light-harvesting antennas (LHCs) from four microalgae species (diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, and two eustigmatophytes Nannochloropsis oceanica and Trachydiscus minutus) were studied. LHCs were extracted and purified using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography. Oligomerization states of LHCs were assessed using two independent methods - CN-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography. Effects of the purification on LHC pigment composition was assessed using HPLC. Light-harvesting antennas (LHCs) from four microalgae species (diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, and two eustigmatophytes Nannochloropsis oceanica and Trachydiscus minutus) were studied. LHCs were extracted and purified using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography. Oligomerization states of LHCs were assessed using two independent methods - CN-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography. Effects of the purification on LHC pigment composition was assessed using HPLC. Keywords: pigments; LHC; HPLC; alga; SEC; IEC Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Oligomerization state and pigment contents of algal light-harvesting proteins

Light-harvesting antennas (LHCs) from four microalgae species (diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, and two eustigmatophytes Nannochloropsis oceanica and Trachydiscus ...

MALINOVÁ, Kateřina
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

Evolúcia socio-kultúrnych adaptací člověka: Fylogenetická medzi-kultúrna perspektíva
ŠAFFA, Gabriel
2023 - English
This thesis investigates the adaptive significance of seemingly maladaptive human behaviors or cultural norms that are often viewed as responses to intra- and inter-sexual conflict. It combines behavioral ecological approach with phylogenetic comparative methods to study evolutionary origins and maintenance of these practices, using samples of ethnographically documented human societies. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section is the introduction to evolutionary sciences of human behavior, including an overview of the theoretical perspectives and a critical evaluation of the methodological approaches to macro-evolutionary studies of human behavior and culture. The second section consists of three chapters - two published research papers and a manuscript that is currently under review. The first paper investigates female and male genital mutilation/cutting practices, their evolutionary history, and socio-ecological correlates; the second paper investigates restrictions on female premarital sex and evaluates the three hypotheses explaining them - male, female, and parental control hypothesis; the third paper investigates the causes of socially imposed monogamy and evaluates the competing hypotheses explaining its prevalence in stratified, agricultural societies. The last section summarizes the results of the three studies and concludes with perspectives of future research. Keywords: adaptation; causal inference; cultural evolution; human behavioral ecology; phylogenetics; regression Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Evolúcia socio-kultúrnych adaptací člověka: Fylogenetická medzi-kultúrna perspektíva

This thesis investigates the adaptive significance of seemingly maladaptive human behaviors or cultural norms that are often viewed as responses to intra- and inter-sexual conflict. It combines ...

ŠAFFA, Gabriel
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

Environmental and socio-cultural determinants of language skills and ethnobiological knowledge in Papua New Guinea and Cameroon
KIK, Alfred
2023 - English
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Environmental and socio-cultural determinants of language skills and ethnobiological knowledge in Papua New Guinea and Cameroon

KIK, Alfred
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

Structural and functional characterization of the E3 ligase BIRC6
GRATZL, Sascha
2023 - English
The aim of the thesis was to characterize the ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 in several contexts. The goal was to expand the knowledge on the selectivity of E1-E2 recognition, to increase the known substrate range of BIRC6, and to elucidate the molecular interactions fulfilled by BIRC6 during autophagy via interaction with GABARAP. In addition, it was aimed to gain a better understanding on the general ubiquitination mechanism in E2/E3 hybrid enzymes, to identify the ubiquitination sites of known apoptotic and autophagic substrates and to enlighten substrate recognition by BIRC6. The aim of the thesis was to characterize the ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 in several contexts. The goal was to expand the knowledge on the selectivity of E1-E2 recognition, to increase the known substrate range of BIRC6, and to elucidate the molecular interactions fulfilled by BIRC6 during autophagy via interaction with GABARAP. In addition, it was aimed to gain a better understanding on the general ubiquitination mechanism in E2/E3 hybrid enzymes, to identify the ubiquitination sites of known apoptotic and autophagic substrates and to enlighten substrate recognition by BIRC6. Keywords: structural biology; cryo-EM; x-ray crystallography; autophagy; apoptosis; inhibitor of apoptosis proteins; AlphaFold2; ATG8; ubiquitin; E3 ligase Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Structural and functional characterization of the E3 ligase BIRC6

The aim of the thesis was to characterize the ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 in several contexts. The goal was to expand the knowledge on the selectivity of E1-E2 recognition, to increase the known substrate ...

GRATZL, Sascha
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

Functional analysis of cryoprotectant system in Chymomyza costata
GRGAC, Robert
2023 - English
In this study, employing an integrated approach that involves transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other techniques, we aimed to understand the mechanistic roles of the cryoprotective system underlying extreme freeze tolerance in the larvae of the drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata. Metabolomics unveiled the complex composition of the seasonally accumulated larval innate mixture of putative cryoprotectants. This mixture was predominantly composed of proline and trehalose, supplemented by minor components (glutamine, asparagine, betaine, sarcosine, glycerophospho-choline, and ethanolamine). We identified food ingestion as a significant source for the direct assimilation of amino compounds, while glycogen and phospholipids served as the primary internal sources for the biosynthesis of other cryoprotectants. The utilization of MALDI-MSI to observe cryoprotectants revealed distinct behaviors of proline and trehalose during ecologically relevant, gradual inoculative extracellular freezing of larvae. Trehalose exhibited accumulation in partially dehydrated hemolymph, inducing a transition to the amorphous glass phase. On the other hand, proline migrated to the boundary between extracellular ice and dehydrated hemolymph and tissues, forming a layer of dense viscoelastic liquid. Finally, through a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that cell membranes are likely targets of freezing injury, while their integrity is sustained by accumulated small cryoprotective molecules and proteins in cold-acclimated C. costata larvae. Contrary to our expectations, our assays did not provide support for the hypothesis that proteins (soluble enzymes) require in vivo stabilization through the accumulation of cryoprotectants. In this study, employing an integrated approach that involves transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other techniques, we aimed to understand the mechanistic roles of the cryoprotective system underlying extreme freeze tolerance in the larvae of the drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata. Metabolomics unveiled the complex composition of the seasonally accumulated larval innate mixture of putative cryoprotectants. This mixture was predominantly composed of proline and trehalose, supplemented by minor components (glutamine, asparagine, betaine, sarcosine, glycerophospho-choline, and ethanolamine). We identified food ingestion as a significant source for the direct assimilation of amino compounds, while glycogen and phospholipids served as the primary internal sources for the biosynthesis of other cryoprotectants. The utilization of MALDI-MSI to observe cryoprotectants revealed distinct behaviors of proline and trehalose during ecologically relevant, gradual inoculative extracellular freezing of larvae. Trehalose exhibited accumulation in partially dehydrated hemolymph, inducing a transition to the amorphous glass phase. On the other hand, proline migrated to the boundary between extracellular ice and dehydrated hemolymph and tissues, forming a layer of dense viscoelastic liquid. Finally, through a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that cell membranes are likely targets of freezing injury, while their integrity is sustained by accumulated small cryoprotective molecules and proteins in cold-acclimated C. costata larvae. Contrary to our expectations, our assays did not provide support for the hypothesis that proteins (soluble enzymes) require in vivo stabilization through the accumulation of cryoprotectants. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Functional analysis of cryoprotectant system in Chymomyza costata

In this study, employing an integrated approach that involves transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other techniques, we aimed to understand the mechanistic roles of the cryoprotective system underlying ...

GRGAC, Robert
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) versus common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus): An example of ineffective cuckoo-hawk mimicry
KRAUSOVÁ, Ladislava
2023 - English
V této práci jsem testovala reakci ťuhýka obecného (Lanius collurio) na hnízdního parazita, kukačku obecnou (Cuculus canorus) (šedá forma), predátora, krahujce obecného (Accipiter nisus) a neškodnou kontrolu, hrdličku divokou (Streptoptelia turtur). Prokázala jsem, že ťuhýci od sebe dokážou rozlišit jednotlivé atrapy a adekvátně na ně reagovat. Navíc jsem prokázala, že imitace krahujce kukačkou je u ťuhýků neúspěšná. In this work, I tested the reaction of the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) against a nest parasite, the common cuckoo (Common cuckoo) (grey form), predator, Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) and harmless intruder, turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur). I proved that shrikes can differ between presented stimuli and adequately respond to them. Moreover, I proved that the cuckoo-hawk mimicry is not successful against shrikes. Keywords: ťuhýk obecný; cuckoo-hawk mimicry; hnízdní parazitismus; obrana hnízda Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) versus common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus): An example of ineffective cuckoo-hawk mimicry

V této práci jsem testovala reakci ťuhýka obecného (Lanius collurio) na hnízdního parazita, kukačku obecnou (Cuculus canorus) (šedá forma), predátora, krahujce obecného (Accipiter nisus) a neškodnou ...

KRAUSOVÁ, Ladislava
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

Carbohydrates drive growth and longevity tradeoff strategies of plants in the Western United States
SAMRAOUI, Kenz Raouf
2023 - English
This study explores the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), growth, and longevity in over 200 vascular plant species across diverse Western U.S. habitats. The research identifies specific roles for NSC compoundsfructans enhance longevity, while simple sugars support rapid growth at the expense of longevity. By elucidating the roles of individual NSC compounds and their relationship with growth and longevity, we are contributing to a deeper understanding of plant adaptation and survival strategies. This study explores the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), growth, and longevity in over 200 vascular plant species across diverse Western U.S. habitats. The research identifies specific roles for NSC compoundsfructans enhance longevity, while simple sugars support rapid growth at the expense of longevity. By elucidating the roles of individual NSC compounds and their relationship with growth and longevity, we are contributing to a deeper understanding of plant adaptation and survival strategies. Keywords: Carbon allocation strategies; Environmental adaptation; Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs); Plant growth dynamics; United States of America. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Carbohydrates drive growth and longevity tradeoff strategies of plants in the Western United States

This study explores the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), growth, and longevity in over 200 vascular plant species across diverse Western U.S. habitats. The research identifies ...

SAMRAOUI, Kenz Raouf
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2023

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