Number of found documents: 41
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Identifying the materials in archaeological textiles
Březinová, Helena; Pechočiaková, M.; Grabmüllerová, J.
2022 - English
Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed textile technology study provides interesting and important information about the use of textile techniques and the quality of processing. The most important information concerns the utilised textile materials, but for degraded textiles, these materials are among the most difficult information to obtain. Image analysis using electron microscopy (SEM) is a significant aide in this pursuit. Keywords: archaeological textiles; raw material; SEM; image analyses Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Identifying the materials in archaeological textiles

Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed ...

Březinová, Helena; Pechočiaková, M.; Grabmüllerová, J.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2022

An interpretation of the 'bombastic' Cham culture spindle whorls by an archaeological experiment
Chylíková, Judita
2017 - English
One group of artefacts characteristic of Cham culture are the so-called bombastic whorls. These spindle whorls each weigh about 100 g in biconical, bell-shaped or cylindrical forms. Their specific function has been discussed by Czech archaeologists and their connection to textile production questioned. The assumption that Cham culture was based on a pastoral economy led the 'bombastic' whorls to be traditionally associated with wool processing. This myth survived in Czech archaeological literature, even though agricultural production has long since been shown to be relevant to Cham culture and any connection between the 'bombastic' whorls and wool has no justification in terms of textile manufacturing. The aim of the experiments reported here was to disprove the relationship between 'bombastic' whorls and sheep's wool, and on the contrary, to demonstrate their suitability for the processing of vegetal fibres. For the purposes of the experiment, two sets of spindle whorls were documented: Cham culture whorls from the hill-top settlement of Velká skála and those of the Řivnáč culture from the hillfort Denemark. Řivnáč culture existed at the same time as Cham culture in the adjacent regions. Small spindle whorls, usually conical in shape, are typical for this culture. However, the Cham and Řivnáč whorls do not constitute two completely separate categories in terms of size, weight and shape. A representative sample of ten specimens was selected from the documented whorls and their duplicates were made. Five spinners spun wool, flax and linden bast. Besides the interpretation of the 'bombastic' spindle whorls, the aim of the experiment was to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the processed raw material, the spindle whorl used, and the quality of spun threads. Keywords: 'bombastic' whorls; Cham culture; Eneolithic; experiment; textile production; wool Available at various institutes of the ASCR
An interpretation of the 'bombastic' Cham culture spindle whorls by an archaeological experiment

One group of artefacts characteristic of Cham culture are the so-called bombastic whorls. These spindle whorls each weigh about 100 g in biconical, bell-shaped or cylindrical forms. Their specific ...

Chylíková, Judita
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Glass in fashion and trade in Bohemia in the 9th-11th century (archaeology and archaeometry)
Tomková, Kateřina; Jonášová, Šárka; Zlámalová Cílová, Z.
2017 - English
An overview of the archaeological typology of early medieval glass beads and chemical glass types in Bohemia in the 9th-11th centuries, with examples of local production of some types of beads from imported glass. Keywords: Early Middle Ages; Central Europe; glass beads; archaeometry Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Glass in fashion and trade in Bohemia in the 9th-11th century (archaeology and archaeometry)

An overview of the archaeological typology of early medieval glass beads and chemical glass types in Bohemia in the 9th-11th centuries, with examples of local production of some types of beads from ...

Tomková, Kateřina; Jonášová, Šárka; Zlámalová Cílová, Z.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Archaeological textile research in the Czech Republic
Bravermanová, M.; Březinová, Helena
2017 - English
The paper is a synoptical summary of scientific research focused on research of archaeological textiles in the Czech Republic. It maps the development of this discipline from the 19th century to present, lists the most important experts involved in the research of the historical development of textile production and its archaeological evidence. Keywords: textile research; Czech Republic; archaeological textiles Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Archaeological textile research in the Czech Republic

The paper is a synoptical summary of scientific research focused on research of archaeological textiles in the Czech Republic. It maps the development of this discipline from the 19th century to ...

Bravermanová, M.; Březinová, Helena
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Non-invasive material and traceological research of the stone head from Celtic settlement Závist near Prague
Cihla, M.; Trefný, M.; Drda, Petr; Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.
2017 - English
The sandstone head sculpture from the hillfort of Závist in the southern periphery of Prague has been subjected to a non-invasive survey by mechanoscopic and analytical approaches. A 3D model of a sculpture has been created using laser scanning and photogrammetry. A reconstruction of stonemason's working tools was derived from longitudinal and transversal sections of the traces on the head's surface. Further screening of the surface by handheld X-ray fluorescence identified increased contents of lead and tin suggesting a former intentional coloring of the sculpture's surface. Traces of gold could indicate that the surface was gilded. It was confirmed that the sculpture was originally not a part of a human figure, but was intended to represent only a self-standing head. The way of making as well as the nature of the original surface treatment has excluded the possibility that the stone head from Závist was a modern replica. Keywords: Celtic sculpture; sandstone; traceology; X-ray fluorescence Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Non-invasive material and traceological research of the stone head from Celtic settlement Závist near Prague

The sandstone head sculpture from the hillfort of Závist in the southern periphery of Prague has been subjected to a non-invasive survey by mechanoscopic and analytical approaches. A 3D model of a ...

Cihla, M.; Trefný, M.; Drda, Petr; Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Hellenistic mosaic glass and La Tène glass-working
Venclová, Natalie; Jonášová, Šárka; Vaculovič, T.
2017 - English
Hellenistic mosaic glasses are similar in their basic composition, as well as their trace elements, to the late group of La Tène glass of the 2nd-1st century BC. The imported glass vessels represent a luxury article used only by the elite in the Iron Age Europe. Keywords: glass; Hellenistic; archaeometry; Central Europe Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Hellenistic mosaic glass and La Tène glass-working

Hellenistic mosaic glasses are similar in their basic composition, as well as their trace elements, to the late group of La Tène glass of the 2nd-1st century BC. The imported glass vessels represent a ...

Venclová, Natalie; Jonášová, Šárka; Vaculovič, T.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Workforce allocation in self-sufficient economy in Late Iron Age
Olševičová, K.; Danielisová, Alžběta
2015 - English
We present an abstract model of workforce allocation of the Late Iron Age self-sufficient settlement. The model enables experimenting with parameters (the ratio of strong and weak workforce, the impact of bad weather, the ratio of targeted overproduction) during the harvest season with the aim to explore the agricultural bottlenecks (short periods per year when increased labour input is needed). Results of three experiments are presented. The model is extendable and is designed to be applied in archaeological research of socio-economic collapses. Keywords: archaeology; economy; NetLogo; self-sufficiency; social simulation Fulltext is available at external website.
Workforce allocation in self-sufficient economy in Late Iron Age

We present an abstract model of workforce allocation of the Late Iron Age self-sufficient settlement. The model enables experimenting with parameters (the ratio of strong and weak workforce, the ...

Olševičová, K.; Danielisová, Alžběta
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2015

Model of Carrying Capacity - System Dynamics in NetLogo and Stella
Olševičová, K.; Cimler, R.; Tomášková, H.; Danielisová, Alžběta
2014 - English
We compare implementations of system dynamics of Celtic settlement using two tools - NetLogo and Stella. The objective of the model is to catch the relations among the population growth, the production growth and the land use with respect to agricultural strategies. Our main objective is to better understand the Celtic society and economy and its sudden collapse. More broadly we are interested in the applicability of multi-method simulation (agent-based approach enhanced with system dynamics and process modelling) in archaeological research. Keywords: Carrying capacity model; NetLogo; social simulation; Stella; system dynamics Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Model of Carrying Capacity - System Dynamics in NetLogo and Stella

We compare implementations of system dynamics of Celtic settlement using two tools - NetLogo and Stella. The objective of the model is to catch the relations among the population growth, the ...

Olševičová, K.; Cimler, R.; Tomášková, H.; Danielisová, Alžběta
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2014

Applying System Dynamics and Agent-based Modelling in Archaeological Simulation
Olševičová, K.; Danielisová, Alžběta
2014 - English
We apply the social simulation to the cultural milieu of the late Iron Age in Central Europe and its economic strategies, especially on the subsistence and the carrying capacity of the settlement agglomeration in relation to the daily economic needs of its inhabitants. By means of the computational models of the economics of the particular central settlement (Staré Hradisko oppidum) and its hinterland we aim to verify hypotheses about the economic sustainability in case self-supplying is applied. To achieve this, the agent-based modelling, cellular automata approach and system dynamics modelling are used. In the paper we present four alternative scenarios of population dynamics (baseline and three versions of depopulation) and four alternative scenarios of food production and agricultural practices (baseline and three types of external events). The set of models for all scenarios was implemented in NetLogo and Stella. Outputs of the models are subject of interests of archaeologists and according to their feedback the models will be refined and extended. Keywords: agent-based model; cellular automata; land use model; NetLogo; sustainability; system dynamics Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Applying System Dynamics and Agent-based Modelling in Archaeological Simulation

We apply the social simulation to the cultural milieu of the late Iron Age in Central Europe and its economic strategies, especially on the subsistence and the carrying capacity of the settlement ...

Olševičová, K.; Danielisová, Alžběta
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2014

From single feature to settlement pattern, landscape and society: a methodological approach to castellological research
Novák, David
2014 - English
Fortified manors are in the scope of interest from the 19th century and at present, we have solid and complex knowledge base, which can be evaluated to obtain interesting results. Most of the published papers dealing with fortified manors have undergone basic chronological and typological analysis without further interest in their spatial attributes or their relation to the hinterland. This fact and underestimation of quantitative analysis and statistics may be explained in the context of the culture-history paradigm, still prevailing in Czech archaeology. Alternatively, perhaps, it is just a result of the methodological inability of many archaeologists to deal with large data sets. As a response to this situation, the author attempts to look at fortified manors in another way - through statistical methods and using GIS. Paper is aimed to present methodology used in case study of selected region in western part of Central Bohemia as a sample. Keywords: fortified manors; methodology; GIS; principal component analysis; Middle Ages and Renaissance Available at various institutes of the ASCR
From single feature to settlement pattern, landscape and society: a methodological approach to castellological research

Fortified manors are in the scope of interest from the 19th century and at present, we have solid and complex knowledge base, which can be evaluated to obtain interesting results. Most of the ...

Novák, David
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2014

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