Number of found documents: 304
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Dynamics of surface water quality changes in model headwater areas of the Czech Republic
Fraindová, K.; Matoušková, M.; Kliment, Z.; Vlček, Lukáš; Vlach, V.; Šajnarová, L.
2023 - English
River headwaters have a high environmental value. Unfortunately, the biogeochemical processes in headwaters in context of different rainfall-runoff conditions and specific land cover have not been fully examined. This study focuses on changes in correlations of 16 biogeochemical parameters related to different types of rainfall-runoff events and land cover condition for eight headwater catchments in Central Europe. Multiple methods as linear regression, Spearman rank correlation, Principal Components Analysis and C/Q hysteresis loops revealed main relationships. Presence of peatlands and waterlogged spruce forests had decisive influence on the biogeochemistry (mainly for CODMn, humins, Fe, P-PO43− TP, and N-NO3−). The strongest positive correlation of organic matter (CODMn) and Fe is represented in a catchment with the largest area of damaged forest (70%), but with a smaller proportion of wetlands (8%). High flow rates influence the release of greater amounts of organic matter and N-NO3−. Keywords: headwater areas; organic matter; waterlogged areas; peatbogs; raifall-runoff events; water quality; electric conductivity Fulltext is available at external website.
Dynamics of surface water quality changes in model headwater areas of the Czech Republic

River headwaters have a high environmental value. Unfortunately, the biogeochemical processes in headwaters in context of different rainfall-runoff conditions and specific land cover have not been ...

Fraindová, K.; Matoušková, M.; Kliment, Z.; Vlček, Lukáš; Vlach, V.; Šajnarová, L.
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2023

Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in surface water during extreme rainfall-runoff events
Matoušková, M.; Fraindová, K.; Bejčková, M.; Kliment, Z.; Vlach, V.; Vlček, Lukáš
2023 - English
The release of a greater amount of natural organic matter (NOM) within climate change is registered in many catchments with peatbog areas. The aim of our research is to study the dynamics of releasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into surface water in headwater areas with peatbogs. DOC concentrations are analysed in relation to extreme rainfall-runoff (R-R) events and according to the hydrological preconditions of the basin. These preconditions are described using selected hydroclimatic variables (14 days before the R-R event). The source data comes from stations of the Faculty of Science, Charles University, and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. For the evaluation of relations and processes, the Principal component analysis (PCA), hysteresis loops or Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The lag time of DOCmax for Qmax, the dependence of DOCmax and groundwater levels were studied. The influence of flow rate on the decline and ascent phases of DOC\nconcentrations by hysteresis loops and the influence of the number of partial flow maximums on the amount of transported DOC during the R-R event was analysed. Our first results show that great influence on the dynamic of DOC concentration in surface water has the change in groundwater-levels in the peatbog and the outflow amount during the R-R event. The hydroclimatic preconditions of the basin have also a significant influence on the DOC release. Changes in concentrations during R-R events also occurred for other compounds that were studied additionally. Particularly significant was the increase in metals (mainly Fe, Al, Mn) and base cation (K) and decrease in nitrate nitrogen. Keywords: natural organic matter; dissolved organic carbon; peatbog; surface water Fulltext is available at external website.
Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in surface water during extreme rainfall-runoff events

The release of a greater amount of natural organic matter (NOM) within climate change is registered in many catchments with peatbog areas. The aim of our research is to study the dynamics of releasing ...

Matoušková, M.; Fraindová, K.; Bejčková, M.; Kliment, Z.; Vlach, V.; Vlček, Lukáš
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2023

Experimental validation of granular flow kinetic theory under turbulent flow conditions
Haidl, Jan; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav
2022 - English
The mixed classical and extended kinetic theory of granular ows is used for modeling the characteristics of particles-water turbulent sheet ow. The open-source solver sedFoam v3.1 is used for the 1-D and 2-D ow simulations. The simulation results are compared to the experimental data measured in the open channel. After that, the simulation parameters are optimized to achieve the best possible agreement between the simulation and the experimental results. The unsatisfactory performance of the KT models and the observed simulation instabilities are discussed. Keywords: kinetic theory; granular flow; sedFoam Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Experimental validation of granular flow kinetic theory under turbulent flow conditions

The mixed classical and extended kinetic theory of granular ows is used for modeling the characteristics of particles-water turbulent sheet ow. The open-source solver sedFoam v3.1 is used for the 1-D ...

Haidl, Jan; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2022

Correlation between the onset of beadless character of nanofibrous webs and rheological characteristics of electrospun polymer solutions
Zelenková, Jana; Peer, Petra; Filip, Petr
2021 - English
An overwhelming majority of applications of nanofibrous webs requires sufficiently smooth character of nanofibres surface. This character is apart other parameters strongly influenced by a concentration of chosen polymeric material in the solvents. Qualitative attributes roughly depend on the prepared concentration, specifically whether it belongs to one of the four basic regions: dilute, semidilute unentangled, semidilute entangled and concentrated. A concentration separating the latter two regions is often taken as a zero-th approximation indicating an onset of beadless nanofibrous webs. The present contribution uses as a more precise indicator behaviour of so-called phase angle relating viscous and elastic moduli, in other words mutual participation of viscous and elastic components. To this aim three frequently used polymers were used: copolymer of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB). For materials exhibiting first a constant behaviour or moderate decrease in a phase angle for lower concentrations, an approximation of the starting concentration is given by a concentration value where a phase angle curve starts to decrease, apparently reflecting a more progressive viscoelastic nature. As shown, such approximation provides relatively very good approximation enabling to eliminate a traditional trial-and-error method. Keywords: nanofibres; beadless morphology; PVDF-co-HFP; polymer concentration; rheology Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Correlation between the onset of beadless character of nanofibrous webs and rheological characteristics of electrospun polymer solutions

An overwhelming majority of applications of nanofibrous webs requires sufficiently smooth character of nanofibres surface. This character is apart other parameters strongly influenced by a ...

Zelenková, Jana; Peer, Petra; Filip, Petr
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2021

Antibacterial electrospun membrane prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene with lauric acid monoacylglycerol
Zelenková, Jana; Peer, Petra; Pleva, P.; Janalíková, M.; Sedlaříková, J.; Filip, Petr
2021 - English
The aim of this study was to prepare an antibacterial nanofibrous membrane using electrospinning technique. The nanofibrous membranes were spun from polymer solution of poly(vinylidne fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) dissolved in N,N´-dimethylformamide. Monoacylglycerol of lauric acid (MAG C12) was used as an antimicrobial agent at the concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 wt%. The impact of MAG C12 incorporation on the rheological, structural and antibacterial properties was investigated. The rheological tests of polymer solutions, as steady shear and oscillatory shear, proved that addition of MAG C12 changed marginally rheological quantities such as viscosity, elastic (storage) and viscous (loss) moduli. Measurement of mean nanofibres diameter indicated a slight decrease with increasing MAG C12 concentration. Antimicrobial activity of PVDF-co-HFP nanofibre membranes with incorporated MAG C12 against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli was studied. An antibacterial activity was revealed for the samples containing MAG C12 at all concentrations against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus by the disk diffusion method. Keywords: nanofibres; electrospinning; antibacterial memrane; rheology; polymer solution Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Antibacterial electrospun membrane prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene with lauric acid monoacylglycerol

The aim of this study was to prepare an antibacterial nanofibrous membrane using electrospinning technique. The nanofibrous membranes were spun from polymer solution of poly(vinylidne ...

Zelenková, Jana; Peer, Petra; Pleva, P.; Janalíková, M.; Sedlaříková, J.; Filip, Petr
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2021

Magnetic properties of electrospun polyvinyl butyral/Fe2O3 nanofibrous membranes
Peer, Petra; Cvek, M.; Urbánek, M.; Sedlačík, M.
2020 - English
In this contribution, magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully incorporated into the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibrous membranes using the electrospinning process. The effects of the MNP concentration on the morphology of the nanofibres and their magnetic properties were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed their concentration-dependent, yet uniform diameter, and the presence of well-embedded MNPs inside the PVB nanofibres. The magnetic properties of the PVB/MNP membranes were studied using the vibrating-sample magnetometry. The saturation magnetization increased from 6.4 to 45.5 emu/g as the MNP concentration in the feedstock solution increased from 1 to 15 wt%. The fabricated PVB/MNP nanofibrous membranes possessed the ability to respond to the external magnetic fields, which determines their potential in the development of the advanced smart textiles. Keywords: electrospinning; polyvinyl butyral; nanofibres; magnetic properties Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Magnetic properties of electrospun polyvinyl butyral/Fe2O3 nanofibrous membranes

In this contribution, magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully incorporated into the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibrous membranes using the electrospinning process. The effects of the ...

Peer, Petra; Cvek, M.; Urbánek, M.; Sedlačík, M.
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2020

Flow behaviour of sand-water mixture in horizontal and inclined pipes
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Krupička, Jan; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
2019 - English
Pipelines transporting slurries in different industrial applications often contain inclined sections. The effect of pipe inclination, slurry concentration and mean velocity on the flow behaviour, deposition\nlimit velocity, and internal structure of a settling slurry was studied in an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm. The slurry consisted from water and a narrow particle size distribution sand of mean diameter d50 = 0.55 mm. The experiments focused on the effects of the pipe inclination on solids distribution and deposition limit velocity. The concentration distribution in pipe cross-section was studied with application of a gamma-ray densitometer. The study revealed the stratified flow pattern of the medium sand-water mixture in inclined pipe sections. Experimental results show that the degree of the slurry stratification decreased with an increasing angle of inclination in the ascending pipe sections. The slurry stratification affected the deposition limit velocity. Mean in situ concentration for the descending flow was always lower than that for the ascending flow. The deposition limit in ascending pipe, in comparison with that in a horizontal pipe, slightly increased up to inclination angle about +25°, and then remained practically constant. For negative pipe inclination over – 30° no deposition limit was observed. Keywords: slurry flow; inclined pipe; deposit limit velocity Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Flow behaviour of sand-water mixture in horizontal and inclined pipes

Pipelines transporting slurries in different industrial applications often contain inclined sections. The effect of pipe inclination, slurry concentration and mean velocity on the flow behaviour, ...

Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Krupička, Jan; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2019

Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
Peer, Petra; Polášková, M.; Mosnáček, J.; Sedlařiková, J.; Masař, M.
2019 - English
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate using two environmentally friendly reducing agents, such as fructose or ascorbic acid. For comparison also commonly used reducing agent-sodium borohydride was used. The silver nanoparticles in various size and yield were produced by immersion of the plasma pre-treated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile in the colloidal solutions for different periods (35, 45 and 135 min). The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by SEM and EDX analysis. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the silver decorated PP non-woven textile was evaluated by an agar diffusion test using both Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results suggest that the type of the reducing agent has major effect both on the morphology of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activity. Keywords: silver nanoparticles; reducing agent; non-woven textile; antibacterial activity Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration

The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by ...

Peer, Petra; Polášková, M.; Mosnáček, J.; Sedlařiková, J.; Masař, M.
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2019

Effect of pipe inclination on local concentration and flow behaviour of settling slurry
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
2019 - English
Settling slurry, consisted from narrow-graded sand of mean particle diameter 0.87 mm and water, was investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on the effect of the pipe inclination, slurry concentration, and velocity on concentration distribution, and deposition limit. The settling slurries tend to stratify, a layered structure is typical for a settling slurry flow. Slurry stratification is sensitive to pipe inclination, and differs for the positive and negative pipe inclination. Deposition limit increases with pipe inclination up to about 25°, and then remain nearly constant. Keywords: sand-water slurry; pipe inclination; concentration distribution; deposition limit Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effect of pipe inclination on local concentration and flow behaviour of settling slurry

Settling slurry, consisted from narrow-graded sand of mean particle diameter 0.87 mm and water, was investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on ...

Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2019

Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region
Šulc, R.; Ditl, P.; Fořt, I.; Jašíková, D.; Kotek, M.; Kopecký, V.; Kysela, Bohuš
2018 - English
The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical flat bottom vessel 400 mm in inner diameter agitated by a tooth impeller 133 mm in diameter. Distilled water was used as the agitated liquid. The velocity fields were investigated in the upward flow to the impeller for three impeller rotation speeds – 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 700 rpm, corresponding to a Reynolds number in the range 94 000 < Re < 221 000. This means that fully-developed turbulent flow was reached. This Re range secures the fully-developed turbulent flow in an agitated liquid. In accordance with the theory of mixing, the dimensionless mean and fluctuation velocities in the measured directions were found to be constant and independent of the impeller Reynolds number. On the basis of the test results the spatial distributions of dimensionless velocities were calculated. The axial turbulence intensity was found to be in the majority in the range from 0.4 to 0.7, which corresponds to the middle level of turbulence intensity. Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region

The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical ...

Šulc, R.; Ditl, P.; Fořt, I.; Jašíková, D.; Kotek, M.; Kopecký, V.; Kysela, Bohuš
Ústav pro hydrodynamiku, 2018

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