Number of found documents: 222
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An interpretation of the 'bombastic' Cham culture spindle whorls by an archaeological experiment
Chylíková, Judita
2017 - English
One group of artefacts characteristic of Cham culture are the so-called bombastic whorls. These spindle whorls each weigh about 100 g in biconical, bell-shaped or cylindrical forms. Their specific function has been discussed by Czech archaeologists and their connection to textile production questioned. The assumption that Cham culture was based on a pastoral economy led the 'bombastic' whorls to be traditionally associated with wool processing. This myth survived in Czech archaeological literature, even though agricultural production has long since been shown to be relevant to Cham culture and any connection between the 'bombastic' whorls and wool has no justification in terms of textile manufacturing. The aim of the experiments reported here was to disprove the relationship between 'bombastic' whorls and sheep's wool, and on the contrary, to demonstrate their suitability for the processing of vegetal fibres. For the purposes of the experiment, two sets of spindle whorls were documented: Cham culture whorls from the hill-top settlement of Velká skála and those of the Řivnáč culture from the hillfort Denemark. Řivnáč culture existed at the same time as Cham culture in the adjacent regions. Small spindle whorls, usually conical in shape, are typical for this culture. However, the Cham and Řivnáč whorls do not constitute two completely separate categories in terms of size, weight and shape. A representative sample of ten specimens was selected from the documented whorls and their duplicates were made. Five spinners spun wool, flax and linden bast. Besides the interpretation of the 'bombastic' spindle whorls, the aim of the experiment was to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the processed raw material, the spindle whorl used, and the quality of spun threads. Keywords: 'bombastic' whorls; Cham culture; Eneolithic; experiment; textile production; wool Available at various institutes of the ASCR
An interpretation of the 'bombastic' Cham culture spindle whorls by an archaeological experiment

One group of artefacts characteristic of Cham culture are the so-called bombastic whorls. These spindle whorls each weigh about 100 g in biconical, bell-shaped or cylindrical forms. Their specific ...

Chylíková, Judita
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Místo a metody archeologie: kauza Roztoky
Kuna, Martin
2017 - Czech
Práce se zabývá vztahem mezi historií a archeologií při rekonstrukci raných období dějin. Autor upozorňuje na potenciální rizika pojetí archeologie jako historické disciplíny v užším slova smyslu. Používá příklad raně středověkého naleziště v Roztokách, na kterém ukazuje soubor otázek, které lze zodpovědět pouze pomocí archeologických metod. Zakotvení těchto metod není ve společenskovědní oblasti, nýbrž v přírodních vědách. The paper discusses the relationship between history and archeology in the reconstruction of early history. The author highlights the potential risks of subordinating archeology to history. Using the case of the Roztoky archeological site as an example, he presents a set of questions that can only be answered using archeological methods, these methods are grounded not in the humanities, but in the natural sciences. Keywords: archaeology; history; method; Roztoky; research; Early Middle Ages Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Místo a metody archeologie: kauza Roztoky

Práce se zabývá vztahem mezi historií a archeologií při rekonstrukci raných období dějin. Autor upozorňuje na potenciální rizika pojetí archeologie jako historické disciplíny v užším slova smyslu. ...

Kuna, Martin
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Glass in fashion and trade in Bohemia in the 9th-11th century (archaeology and archaeometry)
Tomková, Kateřina; Jonášová, Šárka; Zlámalová Cílová, Z.
2017 - English
An overview of the archaeological typology of early medieval glass beads and chemical glass types in Bohemia in the 9th-11th centuries, with examples of local production of some types of beads from imported glass. Keywords: Early Middle Ages; Central Europe; glass beads; archaeometry Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Glass in fashion and trade in Bohemia in the 9th-11th century (archaeology and archaeometry)

An overview of the archaeological typology of early medieval glass beads and chemical glass types in Bohemia in the 9th-11th centuries, with examples of local production of some types of beads from ...

Tomková, Kateřina; Jonášová, Šárka; Zlámalová Cílová, Z.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Archaeological textile research in the Czech Republic
Bravermanová, M.; Březinová, Helena
2017 - English
The paper is a synoptical summary of scientific research focused on research of archaeological textiles in the Czech Republic. It maps the development of this discipline from the 19th century to present, lists the most important experts involved in the research of the historical development of textile production and its archaeological evidence. Keywords: textile research; Czech Republic; archaeological textiles Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Archaeological textile research in the Czech Republic

The paper is a synoptical summary of scientific research focused on research of archaeological textiles in the Czech Republic. It maps the development of this discipline from the 19th century to ...

Bravermanová, M.; Březinová, Helena
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Non-invasive material and traceological research of the stone head from Celtic settlement Závist near Prague
Cihla, M.; Trefný, M.; Drda, Petr; Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.
2017 - English
The sandstone head sculpture from the hillfort of Závist in the southern periphery of Prague has been subjected to a non-invasive survey by mechanoscopic and analytical approaches. A 3D model of a sculpture has been created using laser scanning and photogrammetry. A reconstruction of stonemason's working tools was derived from longitudinal and transversal sections of the traces on the head's surface. Further screening of the surface by handheld X-ray fluorescence identified increased contents of lead and tin suggesting a former intentional coloring of the sculpture's surface. Traces of gold could indicate that the surface was gilded. It was confirmed that the sculpture was originally not a part of a human figure, but was intended to represent only a self-standing head. The way of making as well as the nature of the original surface treatment has excluded the possibility that the stone head from Závist was a modern replica. Keywords: Celtic sculpture; sandstone; traceology; X-ray fluorescence Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Non-invasive material and traceological research of the stone head from Celtic settlement Závist near Prague

The sandstone head sculpture from the hillfort of Závist in the southern periphery of Prague has been subjected to a non-invasive survey by mechanoscopic and analytical approaches. A 3D model of a ...

Cihla, M.; Trefný, M.; Drda, Petr; Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Bibliografie české, moravské a slezské archeologie
Šlesingerová, Lada
2017 - Czech
Příspěvek podává přehled o historickém vývoji, excerpční základně a současném stavu oborové bibliografie zpracovávané v Archeologickém ústavu AV ČR v Praze a informuje o řešených grantových projektech. Bibliografie české, moravské a slezské archeologie zahrnuje tištěné bibliografie, článkové databáze Analytika a Pražský hrad a bibliografie ústavních časopisů. This article presents an overview of the historical development, excerption base and current state of the specialist bibliography compiled at the CAS Institute of Archaeology in Prague, and provides information on the recent grant projects. The bibliography of Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian archaeology includes printed bibliographies, the Analytics and Prague Castle article databases and the bibliographies of institute journals. Keywords: CAS Institute of Archaeology; archaeology; article bibliographies Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Bibliografie české, moravské a slezské archeologie

Příspěvek podává přehled o historickém vývoji, excerpční základně a současném stavu oborové bibliografie zpracovávané v Archeologickém ústavu AV ČR v Praze a informuje o řešených grantových ...

Šlesingerová, Lada
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Soubor archeologických textilií ze středověkých odpadních vrstev z centra Prahy
Březinová, Helena; Kohout, D.
2017 - Czech
Příspěvek přináší shrnující informace o ojedinělém souboru stovek textilních fragmentů pocházejících ze záchranných archeologických výzkumů v centru Prahy, na Novém Městě pražském (ulice Jungmannova, Vodičkova a Školská), které probíhaly v letech 2004-2008. Během výzkumů zde bylo objeveno mocné souvrství organického původu, jenž je pozůstatkem smetiště z období 14. a 15. století, a které přineslo neobyčejně velké množství předmětů z organických materiálů - textilu, dřeva a kůže. Představeny jsou nejzajímavější závěry z průzkumu vlněných a hedvábných textilií, jejichž široké spektrum poskytuje zajímavý pohled na středověkou textilní hmotnou kulturu, prezentovány jsou i výsledky analýz použitých barviv a informace o restaurování a adjustaci tohoto mimořádného souboru. The paper summarizes the information about an unique assemblage of several hundreds of textile fragments from rescue archaeological excavations in the centre of Prague, in the New Town of Prague (Jungmannova, Vodičkova and Školská Streets), carried out in 2004-2008. During the excavations, a massive stratigraphy of organic origin was uncovered, which was the relic of a rubbish dump from the 14th and 15th centuries, and provided an unusually large amount of objects from organic materials - textile, wood and leather. The most interesting conclusions from the survey of woollen and silk textiles are presented, their broad spectrum provides an interesting view of medieval textile material culture. The results of the analyses of used dyes and the information about the restoration and adjustment of this extraordinary assemblage are presented too. Keywords: archaeological textile; medieval waste layers; textile production; dyeing Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Soubor archeologických textilií ze středověkých odpadních vrstev z centra Prahy

Příspěvek přináší shrnující informace o ojedinělém souboru stovek textilních fragmentů pocházejících ze záchranných archeologických výzkumů v centru Prahy, na Novém Městě pražském (ulice Jungmannova, ...

Březinová, Helena; Kohout, D.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Geografické horizonty Kosmovy Kroniky Čechů
Hasil, Jan
2017 - Czech
Článek prezentuje pokus o strukturální (historicko-geografickou) analýzu nejstarší české kroniky, Kosmovy Kroniky Čechů. Na základě prostorové analýzy byly rozpoznány čtyři geografické horizonty textu: mytický, legendární, historický a autooptický. The paper presents an attempt of structural (historical-geographical) analysis of the oldest Czech mediaeval narrative, the Chronicle of the Czechs by Cosmas of Prague. Based on the spatial analysis, there are four geographical horizons recognized: a mythical, a legendary, a historical and an autooptical one. Keywords: Cosmas of Prague; Bohemia; Middle Ages; archaeology; Historical GIS (HIS) Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Geografické horizonty Kosmovy Kroniky Čechů

Článek prezentuje pokus o strukturální (historicko-geografickou) analýzu nejstarší české kroniky, Kosmovy Kroniky Čechů. Na základě prostorové analýzy byly rozpoznány čtyři geografické horizonty ...

Hasil, Jan
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Hellenistic mosaic glass and La Tène glass-working
Venclová, Natalie; Jonášová, Šárka; Vaculovič, T.
2017 - English
Hellenistic mosaic glasses are similar in their basic composition, as well as their trace elements, to the late group of La Tène glass of the 2nd-1st century BC. The imported glass vessels represent a luxury article used only by the elite in the Iron Age Europe. Keywords: glass; Hellenistic; archaeometry; Central Europe Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Hellenistic mosaic glass and La Tène glass-working

Hellenistic mosaic glasses are similar in their basic composition, as well as their trace elements, to the late group of La Tène glass of the 2nd-1st century BC. The imported glass vessels represent a ...

Venclová, Natalie; Jonášová, Šárka; Vaculovič, T.
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2017

Workforce allocation in self-sufficient economy in Late Iron Age
Olševičová, K.; Danielisová, Alžběta
2015 - English
We present an abstract model of workforce allocation of the Late Iron Age self-sufficient settlement. The model enables experimenting with parameters (the ratio of strong and weak workforce, the impact of bad weather, the ratio of targeted overproduction) during the harvest season with the aim to explore the agricultural bottlenecks (short periods per year when increased labour input is needed). Results of three experiments are presented. The model is extendable and is designed to be applied in archaeological research of socio-economic collapses. Keywords: archaeology; economy; NetLogo; self-sufficiency; social simulation Fulltext is available at external website.
Workforce allocation in self-sufficient economy in Late Iron Age

We present an abstract model of workforce allocation of the Late Iron Age self-sufficient settlement. The model enables experimenting with parameters (the ratio of strong and weak workforce, the ...

Olševičová, K.; Danielisová, Alžběta
Archeologický ústav, Praha, 2015

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