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Residual ancient landscape segments in Carpathians of Moravian-Slovak borderland
Kolejka, Jaromír; Nováková, Eva; Kirchner, Karel
2020 - English
The Moravian Carpathians border region is a large area located in the east of the Czech Republic. Historically, most of the time it was a peripheral border area between the Czech state and Hungary. The well-preserved segments of pre-industrial landscape were inventoried here. They have such arrangement of land use, which originated in the period before the main wave of the industrial revolution in the Czech lands (i.e. before 1850), and has been preserved until present. A total of 182 segments of pre-industrial landscape were identified. Spatial analysis of their location in the area shows that the highest concentration of segments is near the international border (50% up to 10 km from the border), in dissected highland relief (52%), but often in the foothills between 300-500 meters above sea level (51%). Due to their location and appearance, they can represent interesting geotourist objects in the border area.
Keywords:
pre-industrial landscape; Moravian Carpathians; geotourist objects
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Residual ancient landscape segments in Carpathians of Moravian-Slovak borderland
The Moravian Carpathians border region is a large area located in the east of the Czech Republic. Historically, most of the time it was a peripheral border area between the Czech state and Hungary. ...
Staré kulturní krajiny Moravy
Kolejka, Jaromír
2020 - Czech
Vletech 2016-2020 proběhla na historickém území Moravy inventarizace segmentů krajiny, jejichž vzhled vsoučasné době je podobný jejich obrazu vpředindustriálním období na katastrálních mapách z1. pol. 19. st. Při řešení projektu programu NAKI MK ČR bylo do obsáhlé databáze zařazeno 1139 segmentů staré předindustriální krajiny větších než 10 ha. Navíc ke každému segmentu bylo zjištěno kolem 10 dalších charakteristik, které slouží geostatistické analýze a klasifikaci. Vpříspěvku je nastíněn myšlenkový postup identifikace zbytků staré kulturní krajiny počínaje přehledem nejstarších použitelných mapových podkladů zúzemí Moravy. Vysvětlen je pojem starobylá předindustriální krajina a zdůvodněno její časové zařazení. Zevrubně jsou popsány historické události, které předcházely vzniku předindustriální krajiny. Uvedeny jsou rovněž příčiny, které vedly kdramatickým změnám kulturní krajiny vdobě průmyslové společnosti. Nastíněn je postup zjišťování a mapování starých krajin za využití současné barevné ortofotomapy a císařských otisků katastrálních map z 20. - 30. let 19. století. Přiložená mapová dokumentace poskytuje přehled o charakteru dostupných podkladů o starých krajinách a o rozmístění jejich zjištěných zbytků na historickém území Moravy ve východní části České republiky. In the years 2016-2020, an inventory of landscape segments took place in the historical territory of Moravia, the appearance of which is currently similar to their image in the pre-industrial period on cadastral maps from the first half of the 19th century. When solving the project of the NAKI program of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, 1139 segments of the old pre-industrial landscape larger than 10 ha were included in the extensive database. About 10 other characteristics were found for each segment, which serve for geostatistical analysis and classification. The article outlines the concept, time classification and procedure of identification of the remains of the old pre-industrial cultural landscape using the current color orthophotomap and imperial prints of cadastral maps from the 1820s-1830s. The historical events that preceded the emergence of the pre-industrial landscape are described in detail. The causes that led to dramatic changes in the cultural landscape in the age of industrial society are also listed. The map documentation provides an overview of the nature of the available data on old landscapes and the location of their identified remains in the historical territory of Moravia.\n\n
Keywords:
definition; data sources; mapping; geodatabases
Fulltext is available at external website.
Staré kulturní krajiny Moravy
Vletech 2016-2020 proběhla na historickém území Moravy inventarizace segmentů krajiny, jejichž vzhled vsoučasné době je podobný jejich obrazu vpředindustriálním období na katastrálních mapách z1. pol. ...
Staré lomy na území Brna: most mezi přírodním a kulturním dědictvím
Kubalíková, Lucie
2020 - Czech
Území Brna je geologicky a geomorfologicky velice pestré díky své pozici na hranici dvou celoevropsky významných jednotek – Českého masivu a Západních Karpat. Litologická a morfologická diverzita a rovněž hydro- a pedodiverzita se podílely na historickém vývoji města, jeho dalším rozvoji i na jeho současném utváření. Využívání přírodních materiálů na území Brna spadá do staršího paleolitu (pazourky na Stránské skále), ovšem větší rozmach byl zaznamenán až ve středověku (těžba stavebního a dekoračního kamene – vápence na Stránské skále a Hádech, slepence na Červeném kopci, později písky a spraše). V současné době se na území Brna nachází několik desítek nečinných lomů, cihelen a pískoven, které podávají svědectví jednak o geologické historii města a jednak o využívání přírodních zdrojů. Tyto lomy jsou často legislativně chráněny jako přírodní památky nebo rezervace, případně jako významné krajinné prvky. Díky svým hodnotám jsou cenným zdrojem informací z hlediska věd o Zemi (paleontologické nálezy, stratigrafie, krasové jevy, specifický druh horniny), mají však význam i z hlediska kulturního a historického (např. zdroj stavebního materiálu pro kulturní památky, historie využívání přírodních zdrojů, antropogenní podzemí, industriální a antropogenní tvary reliéfu, vliv na rozvoj města atd.). Lomy tedy reprezentují most mezi přírodními a kulturními aspekty krajiny, respektive mezi přírodním a kulturním dědictvím. Studium kulturně-historických a geovědních aspektů starých lomů může přispět k rozpoznání jejich skutečných hodnot a napomoci i přijetí vhodných opatření z hlediska ochrany neživé přírody i kulturního dědictví.\n Thanks to its position on the border of two important geological units (Bohemian Massif and Western Carpathian), Brno City possesses high lithological and morphological diversity. These geodiversity aspects significantly influenced the historical development of the city, its urban settings and the availability or use of natural resources. The history of exploitation of natural resources begins in the Palaeolothic (flints on Stránská skála), however, the quarrying itself dates to the Early Middle Age – e.g. the extraction of limestones at Hády and Stránská skála, Old Red sandstones and conglomerate at Červný kopec. Currently, there are tens of abandoned quarries and pits within Brno city, which give testimony about the geological history and history of use of the natural resources. These extraction sites are often protected by law as Natural Monuments or Reserves or Important Landscape Elements. Thanks to their values they represent an important resource of the knowledge in the Earth-sciences (paleontology, stratigraphy, speleology), but they have often the significance from the cultural and historical point of view (use of the material for local architecture, anthropogenic landforms related to mining, influence on the urban development). Quarries thus represent a bridge between natural and cultural landscape features or between natural and cultural heritage. The research on quarries (or extraction sites) can bring new insights into the problem of an integrated approach to the protection and conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
Keywords:
natural and cultural heritage; anthropogenic geomorphology; building stone
Fulltext is available at external website.
Staré lomy na území Brna: most mezi přírodním a kulturním dědictvím
Území Brna je geologicky a geomorfologicky velice pestré díky své pozici na hranici dvou celoevropsky významných jednotek – Českého masivu a Západních Karpat. Litologická a morfologická diverzita a ...
Characterization of fine-grained montmorillonite fractions suitable for composite preparation
Valovičová, Věra; Vaculíková, Lenka; Plevová, Eva; Dolinská, S.; Znamenáčková, I.; Danková, Z.
2019 - English
The aim of this experimental study was to characterize a fine-grained fraction of montmorillonites (SAz-2, STx-1, SWy-2 and Kunipia-F). It was investigated in order to provide more precise information of used montmorillonites than could be obtained by analysis of the unfractioned montmorillonites. At first, the fine fraction of montmorillonites were prepared by sedimentation and activation by means of Na2CO3. The prepared clay materials were characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal behaviour of the studied samples was determinated according to the characteristic temperatures obtained from TG/DTA curves. The temperatures of dehydratation and dehydroxylation were evaluated and kinetic parameters were also calculated. The porosity and surface properties of the studied samples were gained by the nitrogen adsorption measurements. The obtained results confirmed that the fine fraction of montmorillonites could be a suitable material for subsequent preparation of composites with enhanced sorption properties, especially montmorillonite/MnO2 composite.
Keywords:
montmorillonite; activation; characterization; composites
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Characterization of fine-grained montmorillonite fractions suitable for composite preparation
The aim of this experimental study was to characterize a fine-grained fraction of montmorillonites (SAz-2, STx-1, SWy-2 and Kunipia-F). It was investigated in order to provide more precise information ...
Zatížení svorníků v silně namáhavém masivu
Waclawik, Petr; Sahendra, Ram; Šňupárek, Richard
2019 - Czech
Při zkušebním provozu modifikované metody komora-pilíř s ponechanými stabilními pilíři, nazvané chodba-pilíř byla na Dole ČSM použita svorníková výztuž stropu a boků chodeb (stěn ponechaných pilířů). Zatížení a deformace svorníků byly měřeny v rámci rozsáhlého geotechnického monitoringu [1,2]. Následně bylo použito matematického modelování v softwaru Itasca FLAC3D [3] pro lepší objasnění zatěžovacích charakteristik svorníkové výztuže. The trial test of new mining method “Roadway-Pillar” was finished at the underground coal mine – ČSM Mine. The wide ranging monitoring was focused on the load bearing capacity of coal pillars and strata deformation changes induced by the roadway-pillar mining method. The results of monitoring allowed bolts loading and loading characteristics to be described. Further, an attempt is made to understand the rock bolt loading characteristics at different stages of rib dilation using numerical modelling with the available properties of rock mass and reinforcement for the studied site. Elastic and Mohr Coulomb strain-softening constitutive models are considered in FLAC3D to evaluate the performance of the rock bolts.
Keywords:
Roadway-Pillar mining method; ČSM Mine; coal pillars
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Zatížení svorníků v silně namáhavém masivu
Při zkušebním provozu modifikované metody komora-pilíř s ponechanými stabilními pilíři, nazvané chodba-pilíř byla na Dole ČSM použita svorníková výztuž stropu a boků chodeb (stěn ponechaných pilířů). ...
Adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions onto clay minerals
Vallová, S.; Sokolová, B.; Valovičová, Věra; Plevová, Eva
2019 - English
The objective of this work was to investigate to possibility of clay minerals for the removal of drugs from aqueous solutions. Natural minerals such as montmorillonite, vermiculite, kaolinite and modified montmorillonites KSF and K10 (intercalated by Fe3+) were used as potential sorbents for three analgetics: paracetamol, ibuprofen and diclofenac from aqueous solutions. This research demonstrated that adsorption of all three pharmaceuticals onto natural untreated clay minerals, except paracetamol sorption on Na-MMT, is negligible. On the other hand, the chemically modified montmorillonites demonstrated significant sorption ability in the order diclofenac>ibuprofen>paracetamol.
Keywords:
adsorption; clay minerals; montmorillonite; paracetamol; ibuprofen; diclofenac
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions onto clay minerals
The objective of this work was to investigate to possibility of clay minerals for the removal of drugs from aqueous solutions. Natural minerals such as montmorillonite, vermiculite, kaolinite and ...
Possibilities of using 3D laser scanning in geotechnical practise
Kukutsch, Radovan; Kajzar, Vlastimil; Šňupárek, Richard; Waclawik, Petr
2019 - English
We are experiencing the penetration of modern and smart technologies in all sectors of human activity, including mining and geotechnics. One of these technologies is 3D laser scanning, which has seen significant technological advancements over the last decade and has become an integral part of underground construction monitoring as a tool to enable comprehensive, accurate and unbiased capture of the spatial situation in digital form. This development was behind the fact that since 2013, 3D laser scanner has been used by the Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences as a necessary part of the geotechnical monitoring of mine works, when it is possible to precisely detect and quantify the time-space changes caused by man's intervention in the rock mass compared to the traditional established measuring methods. A leading project of recent years was the monitoring of the strain stress state of the rock massif during the 30th seam extraction during the trial operation of the Room and Pillar extraction method in the CSM Mine shaft safety pillar where, besides many other measuring instruments, 3D laser scanning was used for the convergence measuring of roadways, especially for capturing any deformation changes on the permanent pillars. A complementary function was the comparative evaluation with the results of other tools, e.g. with data measured by horizontal extensometers. The subject of the article will be a general description of the possibilities of using 3D laser scanning in geotechnical practice on spatial data acquired during the monitoring lasting almost 3.5 years, when important phenomena were detected in the movement of the pillar walls and the floor heave in the CSM Mine in the tens of cm, sometimes up to 100 cm.
Keywords:
3D laser scanning; room and pillar; roadways deformation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Possibilities of using 3D laser scanning in geotechnical practise
We are experiencing the penetration of modern and smart technologies in all sectors of human activity, including mining and geotechnics. One of these technologies is 3D laser scanning, which has seen ...
Malý pohled na historii suchých období v řece Punkvě se zřetelem na rok 2018
Lejska, S.; Kuda, František; Kněžínek, K.
2019 - Czech
Od roku 2012 lze pozorovat klesající trend hladiny vody podzemních krasových vod v povodí Punkvy. V roce 2018 klesl průtok na LG Skalní Mlýn na nejnižší hodnotu za posledních 60 let (75 l.s-1). To umožnilo suchý vstup do Dome jezera tvořící přítokovou jímku řeky Punkvy do Bludiště Milana Šlechty (Labyrint Milana Šlechty) v soutokové oblasti Sloupského potoka a potoka Bílé vody, v centrální části Amatérské jeskyně. Vana sousedí s Jezerní propastí (LAke Abyss) V té době nebylo prozkoumáno spojení mezi těmito dvěma lokalitami, takže naše pracovní skupina „Jezero Abyss - přítoková jímka řeky Punkvy“ prohledala tuto sekci pomocí 3D skeneru v srpnu 2018. Since 2012, one can observe a decreasing trend in the water level of underground karst water in the Punkva River basin. In 2018, the discharge at LG Skalní Mlýn dropped to the lowest value in the last 60 years (75 l.s-1). This permitted a dry entry to the Lake Dome forming the inflow sump of the Punkva River to Bludiště Milana Šlechty (Milan Šlechta Labyrinth) in the confluence area of the Sloup Creek and the Bílá voda Creek, in the central part of the Amatérská Cave. The sump is adjacent to the Jezerní propast (LAke Abyss) The connection between these two locations had not been surveyed at that time, so our work group „Lake Abyss – inflow sump of the Punkva River“ scanned this section using a 3D scanner in August 2018.
Keywords:
Punkva river; Amatérská cave; dry season
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Malý pohled na historii suchých období v řece Punkvě se zřetelem na rok 2018
Od roku 2012 lze pozorovat klesající trend hladiny vody podzemních krasových vod v povodí Punkvy. V roce 2018 klesl průtok na LG Skalní Mlýn na nejnižší hodnotu za posledních 60 let (75 l.s-1). To ...
Cultural functions and services of geodiversity within urban areas (with a special regard on tourism and recreation)
Kubalíková, Lucie; Bajer, A.; Drápela, E.; Zapletalová, D.; Kirchner, Karel; Balková, M.; Zágoršek, K.; Kuda, František; Roštínský, Pavel
2019 - English
Geodiversity (or abiotic nature) within urban areas has numerous functions and offers various benefits and services. In addition, it has strong links to cultural heritage and historical aspects and it influences and is influenced by urban development and planning. The geodiversity functions and services can be sorted according to the ecosystem services approach: regulating, supporting, provisioning and cultural services. The last mentioned includes a wide spectrum of aspects (spiritual, religious, historical, archaeological, social, artistic, sense of place etc.) and besides this, it encompasses also the tourist and recreational functions which are (in some cases) unexplored and underestimated in urban areas. The paper presents examples from two different Czech cities – Brno and Liberec. Selected geocultural sites are described and assessed and specific proposals for tourist, recreational and educational use are outlined. The results of evaluation show that they can represent an interesting alternative to the traditional tourist destinations within urban areas.
Keywords:
geotourism; geocultural site; assessment; Brno; Liberec
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Cultural functions and services of geodiversity within urban areas (with a special regard on tourism and recreation)
Geodiversity (or abiotic nature) within urban areas has numerous functions and offers various benefits and services. In addition, it has strong links to cultural heritage and historical aspects and it ...
X-Ray CT inspection of subsurface areas of concretes exposed to fast flowing liquids
Sitek, Libor; Hlaváček, Petr; Souček, Kamil; Bodnárová, L.; Foldyna, Josef; Zajícová, Vendula; Berčáková, Andrea; Foldyna, Vladimír
2019 - English
Concrete structures affected for a long time by flowing liquids are exposed to gradual erosion in surface layers caused by a combination of several degradation processes: abrasion, cavitation and chemical or bacterial impacts. Due to the complex phenomena and difficult-to-define initial and boundary conditions, the whole process cannot be easily simulated using the conventional computing tools. Laboratory experimental research is thus the most appropriate approach for the investigation of a suitable composition of concrete resistant to the flowing liquids. However, the methods used are often very time consuming and last even several years. High-speed water flows can be elegantly used for the acceleration of the mechanical simulation of a real situation. Several experiments on the effects of the high-speed water flows on concrete surfaces have been carried out. Using the X-Ray CT methods, subsurface structures of concretes exposed to the accelerated mechanical simulation of the erosion wear caused by fast flowing liquids were investigated and presented in the article. It has been shown that the simulation does not cause initiation of new fractures or cracks in the original concrete structure. The pure water flow mainly removes the hardened cement paste and reveals the aggregate grains. The water flow with abrasive particles disintegrates in greater depths and washes out entire aggregate grains, eventually amputates them and finally smoothens entire surface.
Keywords:
erosion; concrete; fast flowing liquid; high-speed water jets; X-Ray CT
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
X-Ray CT inspection of subsurface areas of concretes exposed to fast flowing liquids
Concrete structures affected for a long time by flowing liquids are exposed to gradual erosion in surface layers caused by a combination of several degradation processes: abrasion, ...
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