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Měření velikosti kapek ve dvoufázovém systému
Kysela, Bohuš; Konfršt, Jiří; Chára, Zdeněk; Kotek, M.; Šulc, R.
2017 - Czech
The in-situ measurement method of droplet size in an agitated vessel based on droplet visualisation and image analysis were developed. The image analysis was enhanced by the finding edges algorithm and circularity analysis. The proposed method was validated by the measurements of precise solid particles and used for liquid-liquid mesurements in an agitated vessel. The in-situ measurement method of droplet size in an agitated vessel based on droplet visualisation and image analysis were developed. The image analysis was enhanced by the finding edges algorithm and circularity analysis. The proposed method was validated by the measurements of precise solid particles and used for liquid-liquid mesurements in an agitated vessel.
Keywords:
droplet size; agitated vessel; liquid-liquid; image analysis
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Měření velikosti kapek ve dvoufázovém systému
The in-situ measurement method of droplet size in an agitated vessel based on droplet visualisation and image analysis were developed. The image analysis was enhanced by the finding edges algorithm ...
Flow of heterogeneous slurry in horizontal and inclined pipes
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Konfršt, Jiří; Kysela, Bohuš
2017 - English
Narrow particle size distribution heterogeneous slurries were investigated on an experimental pipe loop with the horizontal and inclined pipe sections of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on the effect of the pipe inclination, average slurry velocity and overall concentration and on the local concentration distribution, pressure drop, deposition limit and carrier liquid-particle slip velocity. The local concentration distribution was studied with the application of a gamma-ray densitometer. Mixture flow-behaviour and particles motion were investigated in a pipe viewing section. The study revealed that the heterogeneous slurries in the horizontal and inclined pipe sections were significantly stratified, the solid particles moved principally close to the pipe invert, and particle saltation becomes the dominant mode of particle conveying for higher and moderate flow velocities. Carrier liquid-particle slip velocity depends not only on the mixture velocity, but also on particle position in the pipe cross-section. The effect of pipe inclination on the frictional pressure drop in inclined pipe sections depends on mixture velocity, in ascending pipe section decreases with increasing mixture velocity and in descending pipe section the frictional pressure drop gradually decreased with increasing pipe inclination.
Keywords:
solid-liquid mixture; pipe inclination; slip velocity; mixture flow behaviour; concentration distribution
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Flow of heterogeneous slurry in horizontal and inclined pipes
Narrow particle size distribution heterogeneous slurries were investigated on an experimental pipe loop with the horizontal and inclined pipe sections of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was ...
The role of sonication of polyethyleneoxide solutions containing magnetic nanoparticles on morphology of nanofibrous mats
Peer, Petra; Stěnička, M.; Filip, Petr; Pizúrová, Naděžda; Babayan, V.
2017 - English
Properties of the resulting polymer nanofibers are often tailored by sonication technique applied prior or past an electrospinning process. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate morphology of nanofibrous mats formed by poly(ethylene oxide) with distributed magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) (about 20 nm in diameter) in dependence on time of sonication of the used polymer solutions. The solutions were exposed to sonication (intensity 200W, frequency 24 kHz) for 10, 30, and 60 minutes. It was shown that rheological characteristics (viscosity, storage and loss moduli) strongly depend on time of sonication (particularly phase angle) in contrast to electric conductivity and surface tension. For analysis of homogeneous distribution of MNP in polymer solution, the rheological measurements were carried out also in presence of external magnetic field. Magnetorheological efficiency (a relation of corresponding viscosities) was determined for 80, 170, and 255 mT. Consequently, changed rheological characteristics participate significantly in the process of electrospinning and resulting quality of the obtained nanofibrous mats. Qualitative changes were described by\nmeans of scanning electron microscopy (variance of mean diameter of nanofibers), transmission electron microscopy (distribution of MNP within nanofibrous mats). Static magnetic properties were determined by a vibration sample magnetometer. It was shown that even distribution of MNP in the mats can be achieved by mere sonication process without application of external magnetic field during an electrospinning process. However, time of sonication generates a degree of embedding of MNP into individual nanofibers.
Keywords:
ultrasound; poly(ethylene oxide); magnetic nanoparticles; magnetorheology; electrospinning
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
The role of sonication of polyethyleneoxide solutions containing magnetic nanoparticles on morphology of nanofibrous mats
Properties of the resulting polymer nanofibers are often tailored by sonication technique applied prior or past an electrospinning process. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate morphology of ...
Discharged stream from radial impeller, comparison of LDA and PIV measurements
Kysela, Bohuš; Konfršt, Jiří; Chára, Zdeněk; Jašíková, D.; Němcová, L.; Kopecký, V.
2016 - Czech
Míchání je v procesní technice velice důležitá operace, která má za úkol vytvořit homogenní\nsměs, homogenní suspenzi, lépe rozdružit materiál v disperzích, atp. Míchaná nádoba je\naparát, kde má docházet k energeticky co nejpříznivějšímu míchání různých látek. V této\npráci se zaměřujeme na míchané nádoby s tzv. radiálním rychloběžným míchadlem.\nModelování velkých nádob na základě experimentů na malých nádobách je prováděno\npomocí podobnostních přepočtů. Základní parametry přepočtů lze analyzovat především na\nzákladě znalostí proudového pole v míchaném objemu, případně dalších veličin, jejichž\nvýsledky jsou stále předmětem ověřování a zpřesňování.\nV této práci jsme se zaměřili na měření rychlostního pole na výtoku z tzv. Rushtonova\nturbínového míchadla [1,2,3], kde vytékající proud z lopatek bývá popisován analogicky jako\ntok v zatopeném proudu [4]. Rychlostní profily byly měřeny pomocí dvousložkového LDA\nměření (radiální a tangenciální složka). Třetí (axiální) složka byla měřena následně po\npřestavění měřícího LDA systému. Získaná data časových záznamů byla podrobena další\nanalýze při vyhodnocování statistických veličin časově středních hodnot rychlostí a velikosti\nfluktuačních složek. Two velocity measurement methods in discharged stream from Rushton turbine are compared. The tested methods are LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) and stereo TR PIV (Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry). The discrepancy of evaluated data from stereo PIV affected by transforming recalculation in discharged stream is presented.
Keywords:
mixing vessel; Rushton turbine; LDA; PIV
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Discharged stream from radial impeller, comparison of LDA and PIV measurements
Míchání je v procesní technice velice důležitá operace, která má za úkol vytvořit homogenní\nsměs, homogenní suspenzi, lépe rozdružit materiál v disperzích, atp. Míchaná nádoba je\naparát, kde má ...
Chlorečnan jako jeden z vedlejších produktů desinfekce vody Chlornanem sodným
Drdová, Š.; Parschová, H.; Pivokonský, Martin; Janda, V.
2016 - Czech
Příspěvek je zaměřen na problematiku chlorečnanů, které vznikají jako vedlejší produkt desinfekce vody za využití chlornanu sodného. Pozornost byla věnována zejména době a způsobu skladování roztoku chlornanu sodného s ohledem na tvorbu chlorečnanů i dalších vedlejších produktů. The study deals with the formation of chlorate as a disinfection by-product when using sodium hypochlorite. The relationship between aging and storing conditions of sodium hypochlorite and the production of chlorite and other DBPs was investigated.
Keywords:
chlorate; DBPs (Disinfection By-Products); sodium hypochlorite; sodium hypochlorite
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Chlorečnan jako jeden z vedlejších produktů desinfekce vody Chlornanem sodným
Příspěvek je zaměřen na problematiku chlorečnanů, které vznikají jako vedlejší produkt desinfekce vody za využití chlornanu sodného. Pozornost byla věnována zejména době a způsobu skladování roztoku ...
Permeation of VOC vapours through carbon nanotube network membranes controlled electrically
Slobodian, P.; Říha, Pavel; Olejník, R.
2016 - English
In this letter, we report the increase of permeation rates of some typical volatile organic compounds through entangled carbon nanotube networks by an electric current. The change in the permeation rate is reversible when the\ncurrent is turned off. The permeation rise is partly probably due to Joule effect and thus increased membrane temperature and vapor pressure in the vicinity of the inlet side of membrane. However, the effects of vapor polarity and electrostatic interaction of vapors and charged nanotubes seem to be also involved and contribute to the differentiation between alcohol and carbohydrate vapors permeation.
Keywords:
electroconductive polymer mebranes; vapor permeation; electrical stimulation
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Permeation of VOC vapours through carbon nanotube network membranes controlled electrically
In this letter, we report the increase of permeation rates of some typical volatile organic compounds through entangled carbon nanotube networks by an electric current. The change in the permeation ...
Jak organické látky produkované fytoplanktonem ovlivňují procesy úpravy vody?
Pivokonský, Martin; Janda, V.
2016 - Czech
Příspěvek se zabývá složením a vlivem organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem, tzv. AOM (Agal Organic Matter) na koagulaci při úpravě vody. Popsán je charakter a složení AOM s ohledem na procesy úpravy vody, především pak zastoupení peptidů/proteinů a sacharidů, velikost molekul AOM, afinita k vodě, přítomnost funkčních skupin a velikost povrchového náboje. Dále se příspěvek zabývá odstranitelností AOM koagulací, její inhibicí pomocí tvorby povrchových ligandových komplexů s produkty hydrolýzy koagulačních činidel a také vlivem AOM na koagulaci ostatních ve vodě přítomných znečišťujících příměsí. The paper is focused on the influence of AOM (Algal Organic Matter) on coagulation during drinking water treatment. Composition and properties of AOM are discussed as well as the impact of these compounds on the mechanisms and efficacy of coagulation.
Keywords:
AOM (Algal Organic Matter); coagulation; drinking water treatment
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Jak organické látky produkované fytoplanktonem ovlivňují procesy úpravy vody?
Příspěvek se zabývá složením a vlivem organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem, tzv. AOM (Agal Organic Matter) na koagulaci při úpravě vody. Popsán je charakter a složení AOM s ohledem na ...
Vliv organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem na koagulaci huminových látek
Novotná, Kateřina; Drdová, Š.; Načeradská, Jana; Pivokonský, Martin; Janda, V.
2016 - Czech
Příspěvek se zabývá výzkumem koagulace huminových látek v přítomnosti peptidové/proteinové složky látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem (AOM). Použity byly peptidy/proteiny izolované z AOM sinice Microcystis aeruginosa. Studována byla účinnost koagulace uvedených látek samostatně i současně s důrazem na jejich vzájemné působení. Ukázalo se, že pro odstranění huminových látek je potřebná podstatně vyšší dávka koagulačního činidla než pro srovnatelné množství sinicových peptidů/proteinů. Následně bylo také zjištěno, že přítomnost AOM peptidů/proteinů příznivě ovlivňuje koagulaci huminových látek (významně snižuje potřebnou dávku koagulačního činidla) a naopak, prokazatelně tedy dochází k interakcím mezi různými typy organických látek. Nejvyšší účinnosti koagualce bylo pro všechny sledované látky dosaženo v oblasti mírně kyselého pH, odstraněno bylo až 80 % DOC. The article deals with coagulation of humic substances (HS) in presence of cyanobacterial peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa. The results show that the peptides/proteins may have a positive impact on the coagulation of HS – under certain conditions, higher removal was achieved using lower coagulant dosage. Additionally, the existence of interactions between the peptides/proteins and HS was proved.
Keywords:
AOM (Algal Organic Matter); coagulation; humic substances; Microcystis aeruginosa; peptides/proteins
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Vliv organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem na koagulaci huminových látek
Příspěvek se zabývá výzkumem koagulace huminových látek v přítomnosti peptidové/proteinové složky látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem (AOM). Použity byly peptidy/proteiny izolované z AOM sinice ...
Organic vapour sensing and thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotubes/ethylene-octene copolymer composites combined in a thermopile
Slobodian, P.; Říha, Pavel; Olejník, R.; Benlikaya, R.
2016 - English
A novel self-powered thermoelectric vapor sensor, whose thermogenerated voltage was modulated by chemical vapors is presented. The sensor was made of composites of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes within\nethylene-octene copolymer. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes within ethylene-octene copolymer showed that the oxidation with KMnO4 enhanced its p-type electrical conductivity and that the thermoelectric power increase was proportional to the formation of new oxygen-containing\nfunctional groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes. When this composite was subjected to a saturated vapor of either heptane (aliphatic hydrocarbon), toluene (aromatic hydrocarbon) or ethanol (alcohol), its respective relative resistance increased in average by 3.6, 1.1 and 0.05.
Keywords:
thermoelectric polymers; self-powered vapor sensor; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Organic vapour sensing and thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotubes/ethylene-octene copolymer composites combined in a thermopile
A novel self-powered thermoelectric vapor sensor, whose thermogenerated voltage was modulated by chemical vapors is presented. The sensor was made of composites of oxidized multi-walled carbon ...
Distribution of the turbulent kinetic dissipation rate in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš; Sulc, R.; Konfršt, Jiří; Chára, Zdeněk; Fořt, I.; Ditl, P.
2016 - English
The design of the agitated tanks depends on the proposed operating conditions and processes\nfor that they are used for. Namely dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy is important\nparameter for the scale-up modelling. The dissipation rate is commonly determined as integral\nvalue based on power input of the impeller, but without information about distribution inside\nthe agitated volume. The cumulative distributions of the dissipation rate within an agitated\nvessel are estimated by evaluations of the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) results,\nwhere the data was obtained from RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations) and\nLES (Large Eddy Simulations). The simulations were performed for an agitated vessel\nequipped with four baffles and stirred by a standard Rushton turbine (tank diameter 0.3 m,\nimpeller diameter 0.1 m, off-bottom clearance half of tank diameter, impeller speed 200 rpm).\nThe values of the dissipation rate from the LES calculations were approximated by computing\nthe SGS (Sub Grid Scale) dissipation rate.
Keywords:
agitated vessel; dissipation rate; kinetic energy
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Distribution of the turbulent kinetic dissipation rate in an agitated vessel
The design of the agitated tanks depends on the proposed operating conditions and processes\nfor that they are used for. Namely dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy is important\nparameter ...
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