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Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila
KUTHANOVÁ, Michaela
2020 - English
The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and AKH abundance (EE-Akh). Our results showed lipids as the main energy reserve in Drosophila, and their physiological level and metabolism were shown to be under the control of AKH. AKH abundance in the body resulted in lower levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols than in the controls, probably due to a more intensive metabolism; interestingly, there was a disproportional representation of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols in Drosophila. Lower level of glycogen and its partial control by AKH suggest its lesser role as the storage substance. However, maintenance of free carbohydrate level in Drosophila seemed to be critical; when glycogen stores are exhausted, carbohydrates are synthesized from other sources. Protein levels and their alterations, under starvation, did not seem controlled by AKH. AKH-deficient flies were more resistant while AKH-abundant flies were more sensitive to starvation; females were found to be more resistant than males, regardless of the AKH level, probably due to higher body mass and higher amount of nutrients. However, in accordance with the level of all nutrients, that of AKH also gradually decreased with prolonged starvation
Keywords:
Adipokinetic hormone; Drosophila melanogaster; starvation
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila
The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and ...
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
2020 - English
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž prevalence prudce stoupá u lidí žijících ve vyspělých zemích. Převážná většina izolátů H. diminuta je identifikována na základě morfologických znaků, nicméně je zde možnost výskytu kryptických druhů identifikovatelných na základě fylogenetických analýz. V případě kryptické diverzity v rámci komplexu H. diminuta by mohlo být pozorováno rozdílné působení (zejména imunologické) různých izolátů na hostitelský organismus. Tato práce se zaměřuje na odhalení možné genetické diverzity sledováním sekvencí dvou genů - lsrDNA and cox1. Studovány byly převážně izoláty z Evropy a USA, které jsou již využívány pro výzkumné nebo účely. The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is highly prevalent in rat populations and has also been observed rarely in humans. H. diminuta has become a leading candidate for helminth therapy used to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases of humans in Western society. While most of the experimental isolates of H. diminuta are identified based on typical morphological features, hymenolepidid tapeworms may represent complexes of cryptic species as detected by molecular sequence data. In the present study, we explored the diversity of laboratory-kept strains using partial sequences of two genes (lsrDNA and cox1) and determined that H. diminuta isolates currently considered for therapeutic purposes in the US and Europe belong to a single, genetically nearly uniform lineage, showing only little genetic deviation from wild isolates.
Keywords:
Hymenolepis diminuta; helminto-terapie; lsrDNA; cox1; kryptická diverzita
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž ...
Tick-borne encephalitis virus inhibits rRNA synthesis and host protein production in human cells of neural origin
SELINGER, Martin
2019 - English
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with host protein synthesis. In order to determine whether TBEV interacts with this host process in its natural target cells, we analysed de novo protein synthesis in a human cell line derived from cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY HTB-186). We observed a significant decrease in the rate of host protein synthesis, including the housekeeping genes HPRT1 and GAPDH and the known interferon-stimulated gene viperin. In addition, TBEV infection resulted in a specific decrease of RNA polymerase I transcripts, 18S and 28S rRNAs and their precursor, 45-47S pre-rRNA, but had no effect on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed 5S rRNA levels. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with host protein synthesis. In order to determine whether TBEV interacts with this host process in its natural target cells, we analysed de novo protein synthesis in a human cell line derived from cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY HTB-186). We observed a significant decrease in the rate of host protein synthesis, including the housekeeping genes HPRT1 and GAPDH and the known interferon-stimulated gene viperin. In addition, TBEV infection resulted in a specific decrease of RNA polymerase I transcripts, 18S and 28S rRNAs and their precursor, 45-47S pre-rRNA, but had no effect on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed 5S rRNA levels.
Keywords:
tick-borne encephalitis; host response; rRNA; transcriptional/translational shut-off
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus inhibits rRNA synthesis and host protein production in human cells of neural origin
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with ...
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate in freshwater centrarchid and percid fishes of the Neartic Region (North America)
UHROVÁ, Lucie
2019 - English
In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America are reviewed and recognized as a valid: (1) Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925, (2) Proteocephalus luciopercae Wardle, 1932, (3) Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 and additionaly Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), which does not belong to this Proteocephalus aggregate, is provided for the first time. Moreover, molecular analysis of the contatenated (28S rDNA+COI) dataset of Proteocephalus-aggregate species is presented. In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America are reviewed and recognized as a valid: (1) Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925, (2) Proteocephalus luciopercae Wardle, 1932, (3) Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 and additionaly Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), which does not belong to this Proteocephalus aggregate, is provided for the first time. Moreover, molecular analysis of the contatenated (28S rDNA+COI) dataset of Proteocephalus-aggregate species is presented.
Keywords:
Cestoda; Proteocephalidea; Proteocephalus-aggregate
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate in freshwater centrarchid and percid fishes of the Neartic Region (North America)
In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America ...
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Tereza
2019 - English
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity. This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity.
Keywords:
Planorbidae; Digenea; Parasite diversity; Community composition; Reservoir; Europe
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights ...
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genus Leptotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
PAPP MAREŠOVÁ, Jana
2019 - English
V této práci jsme se zabývali fylogenetickými a biogeografickými vztahy opomíjených motýlů subtribu Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), který je široce rozšířen v tropických a subtropických oblastech celého světa. Použili jsme jak mitochondriální tak nukleární markery a různé molekulární analýzy, abychom odhalili vztahy v rámci tohoto subtribu. Také jsme se zaměřili na časy diverzifikace a biogeografické patrnosti taxonů Starého světa a zabývali jsme se detailní fylogeografií nejrozšířenějšího druhu, Leptotes pirithous. In this thesis, we investigated phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of neglected butterflies of the subtribe Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. We used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and different molecular analyses to resolve relationships within the subtribe. We also focused on diversification times and biogeographical patterns of Old World taxa and detailed phylogeography of the most widespread species, Leptotes pirithous.
Keywords:
biogeografie; COI; Cyclyrius; Ef1a; Leptotina; fylogeneze; wingless
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genus Leptotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
V této práci jsme se zabývali fylogenetickými a biogeografickými vztahy opomíjených motýlů subtribu Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), který je široce rozšířen v tropických a subtropických oblastech ...
PREDATION PRESSURE ON ARTIFICIAL CATERPILLARS INDICATES ENEMY-REDUCED TIME AND SPACE
SEIFERT, Carlo Lutz
2019 - English
This thesis explores patterns of predation on artificial caterpillars in two neotropical lowland rainforest ecosystems. The specific aim was to test if enemy-reduced time and space does exist for physical undefended caterpillars. Our results indicated that larval Lepidoptera are capable to lower predation risk by nocturnal foraging and by avoiding habitats of high light irradiance. Thus, habitat-specific host plant choice by adult females and a timely scheduled foraging behaviour of the caterpillars could remarkably increase the survival rate of immature stages. This thesis explores patterns of predation on artificial caterpillars in two neotropical lowland rainforest ecosystems. The specific aim was to test if enemy-reduced time and space does exist for physical undefended caterpillars. Our results indicated that larval Lepidoptera are capable to lower predation risk by nocturnal foraging and by avoiding habitats of high light irradiance. Thus, habitat-specific host plant choice by adult females and a timely scheduled foraging behaviour of the caterpillars could remarkably increase the survival rate of immature stages.
Keywords:
ants; caterpillars; foraging behaviour; Lepidoptera; predators; rainforest
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
PREDATION PRESSURE ON ARTIFICIAL CATERPILLARS INDICATES ENEMY-REDUCED TIME AND SPACE
This thesis explores patterns of predation on artificial caterpillars in two neotropical lowland rainforest ecosystems. The specific aim was to test if enemy-reduced time and space does exist for ...
Fylogeografické zhodnocení hraboše východoevropské s ohledem k východokazašskému výskytu
VOLFOVÁ, Tereza
2019 - English
The Eastern European vole (Microtus mystacinus) is an arvicoline rodent distributed across northern and eastern Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, Armenia, NW and N Iran, Russia as far east as the Tobol River in W Siberia, and W and N Kazakhstan. We present a novel records from eastern Kazakhstan (the village of Dzhambul - 49 14 21.3N, 86 18 29.9E and the village of Sekisovka - 50 21 9.18N, 82 35 46.5E) based on mtDNA and we discuss implications of this findings on biogeography of eastern Kazakhstanpopulations. Marine Isotope Stage 11 is considered an important period for the diversification of the arvalis species group. In the context of our study, it is important to analyse genetically discontinuous Siberian populations, and the current distribution of M. mystacinus in new localities in eastern Kazakhstan.
Keywords:
Microtus mystacinus; Kazakhstan
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Fylogeografické zhodnocení hraboše východoevropské s ohledem k východokazašskému výskytu
The Eastern European vole (Microtus mystacinus) is an arvicoline rodent distributed across northern and eastern Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, Armenia, NW and N Iran, Russia as far east as the Tobol ...
Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species.
MANUKJANOVÁ, Alžběta
2019 - English
This thesis aims at sex expression and sex ratio in cryptic species of a rare fen moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus. The sex expression and expressed sex ratio were compared at various hierarchical levels. Additionally, micromaps of expressed sex ratio in patches at 21 localities, including 5 localities where both clades co-occur have been created. This thesis aims at sex expression and sex ratio in cryptic species of a rare fen moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus. The sex expression and expressed sex ratio were compared at various hierarchical levels. Additionally, micromaps of expressed sex ratio in patches at 21 localities, including 5 localities where both clades co-occur have been created.
Keywords:
bryophyte; cryptic species; Hamatocaulis vernicosus; reproduction; sex ratio
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species.
This thesis aims at sex expression and sex ratio in cryptic species of a rare fen moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus. The sex expression and expressed sex ratio were compared at various hierarchical levels. ...
Benigní helmint Hymenolepis diminuta pozitivně ovlivňuje chemicky vyvolanou kolitidu u potkaního modelu
LEVÁ, Jana
2019 - English
In this study is examined the protective effect of different life cycles stages of rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta against dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis in rat model. The clinical health of rats, gut microbiota and systemic inflammation was analysed. For determination of the level of inflammation and type 2 immune response of rat model was used relative gene expression of TNF, IL-1, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10 using real-time PCR. Our results showed that colonization by immature life stages of H. diminuta before the induction of DNBS colitis reduced clinical symptoms and inflammation in rat model but did not protect rats against colitis. Type 2 immune response was detected by an increase in gene expression of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13. The gut microbiota does not substantial role in H. diminuta-mediated protection.
Keywords:
helminth; DNBS colitis; gut microbiota; helminth therapy; Hymenolepis diminuta; IL-10; cytokines
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Benigní helmint Hymenolepis diminuta pozitivně ovlivňuje chemicky vyvolanou kolitidu u potkaního modelu
In this study is examined the protective effect of different life cycles stages of rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta against dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis in rat model. The ...
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