Low abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes among fungi in soil metatranscriptomes
CHOMA, Michal
2020 - anglický
Početnost Archaeorhizomycetes, nově popsané linie hub, ve společenstvech půdních hub je nejasná. Většina odhadů se opírá o techniky, které zahrnují polymerázovou řetězovou reakci (PCR), která může výsledky zatížit nepřesnostmi. Tato práce zjištovala početnost Archaeorhizomycetes v datech z půdních metatranskriptomů, které nejsou zatíženy chybami způsobenými během PCR, pocházejících z několika různých ekosystémů. The abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes, a recently discovered fungal lineage, in soil fungal communities is disputed. Majority of the estimates is based on techniques involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which might be source of bias. This thesis aimed to assess the abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes in PCR-independent soil metatranscriptomes from several different ecosystems.
Klíčová slova:
půdní metatranskriptom; Archaeorhizomycetes
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Low abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes among fungi in soil metatranscriptomes
Početnost Archaeorhizomycetes, nově popsané linie hub, ve společenstvech půdních hub je nejasná. Většina odhadů se opírá o techniky, které zahrnují polymerázovou řetězovou reakci (PCR), která může ...
Spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic)
PELTANOVÁ, Jana
2020 - anglický
Two outflows from atmospherically-acidified Čertovo and Laka lakes in the Bohemian Forest in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2005 and 2007. Water chemistry and macrozoobenthic community composition in longitudinal gradient of both streams were analyzed to determine the present status of the streams. Streams' chemistry reflects the current situation of both lakes. The progress in chemical reversal to natural conditions was observed in longitudinal gradients of both streams (greatly induced by chemically-inert tributaries). Macrozoobenthic recovery was evident only in Laka Lake´s outlow, mainly by increasing Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera taxonomy richness in longitudinal gradient. In Čertovo Lake´s outflow, there were no considerable changes in benthic community composition, because chemistry in the whole locality of Čertovo Lake was limiting for acidosensitive taxons.
Klíčová slova:
atmospheric acidification; stream recovery; Lake Laka; Lake Čertovo
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic)
Two outflows from atmospherically-acidified Čertovo and Laka lakes in the Bohemian Forest in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2005 and 2007. Water chemistry and macrozoobenthic community ...
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
KOLÁŘ, Vojtěch
2020 - anglický
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The goal of this study was to measure feeding and metabolic rates of intermediate invertebrate predators under different levels of predation risk and abiotic conditions to understand how they might affect their energetic efficiency, i.e. the ability to utilize available resources for individual growth. We ran laboratory experiments with larvae of three odonate species representing intermediate predators exposed to three levels of predation risk (none, visual cues, and visual and chemical cues) and two levels of habitat complexity (present vs. absent artificial submerged vegetation). We show that the response of intermediate predators to predation risk and its consequences for energetic efficiency are species specific and likely determined by their foraging and defense traits and their habitat domains.
Klíčová slova:
chemical cues; metabolic rate; Odonata; predator-prey interactions; trait-mediated effects
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The ...
Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila
KUTHANOVÁ, Michaela
2020 - anglický
The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and AKH abundance (EE-Akh). Our results showed lipids as the main energy reserve in Drosophila, and their physiological level and metabolism were shown to be under the control of AKH. AKH abundance in the body resulted in lower levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols than in the controls, probably due to a more intensive metabolism; interestingly, there was a disproportional representation of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols in Drosophila. Lower level of glycogen and its partial control by AKH suggest its lesser role as the storage substance. However, maintenance of free carbohydrate level in Drosophila seemed to be critical; when glycogen stores are exhausted, carbohydrates are synthesized from other sources. Protein levels and their alterations, under starvation, did not seem controlled by AKH. AKH-deficient flies were more resistant while AKH-abundant flies were more sensitive to starvation; females were found to be more resistant than males, regardless of the AKH level, probably due to higher body mass and higher amount of nutrients. However, in accordance with the level of all nutrients, that of AKH also gradually decreased with prolonged starvation
Klíčová slova:
Adipokinetic hormone; Drosophila melanogaster; starvation
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila
The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and ...
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
2020 - anglický
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž prevalence prudce stoupá u lidí žijících ve vyspělých zemích. Převážná většina izolátů H. diminuta je identifikována na základě morfologických znaků, nicméně je zde možnost výskytu kryptických druhů identifikovatelných na základě fylogenetických analýz. V případě kryptické diverzity v rámci komplexu H. diminuta by mohlo být pozorováno rozdílné působení (zejména imunologické) různých izolátů na hostitelský organismus. Tato práce se zaměřuje na odhalení možné genetické diverzity sledováním sekvencí dvou genů - lsrDNA and cox1. Studovány byly převážně izoláty z Evropy a USA, které jsou již využívány pro výzkumné nebo účely. The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is highly prevalent in rat populations and has also been observed rarely in humans. H. diminuta has become a leading candidate for helminth therapy used to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases of humans in Western society. While most of the experimental isolates of H. diminuta are identified based on typical morphological features, hymenolepidid tapeworms may represent complexes of cryptic species as detected by molecular sequence data. In the present study, we explored the diversity of laboratory-kept strains using partial sequences of two genes (lsrDNA and cox1) and determined that H. diminuta isolates currently considered for therapeutic purposes in the US and Europe belong to a single, genetically nearly uniform lineage, showing only little genetic deviation from wild isolates.
Klíčová slova:
Hymenolepis diminuta; helminto-terapie; lsrDNA; cox1; kryptická diverzita
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž ...
Tick-borne encephalitis virus inhibits rRNA synthesis and host protein production in human cells of neural origin
SELINGER, Martin
2019 - anglický
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with host protein synthesis. In order to determine whether TBEV interacts with this host process in its natural target cells, we analysed de novo protein synthesis in a human cell line derived from cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY HTB-186). We observed a significant decrease in the rate of host protein synthesis, including the housekeeping genes HPRT1 and GAPDH and the known interferon-stimulated gene viperin. In addition, TBEV infection resulted in a specific decrease of RNA polymerase I transcripts, 18S and 28S rRNAs and their precursor, 45-47S pre-rRNA, but had no effect on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed 5S rRNA levels. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with host protein synthesis. In order to determine whether TBEV interacts with this host process in its natural target cells, we analysed de novo protein synthesis in a human cell line derived from cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY HTB-186). We observed a significant decrease in the rate of host protein synthesis, including the housekeeping genes HPRT1 and GAPDH and the known interferon-stimulated gene viperin. In addition, TBEV infection resulted in a specific decrease of RNA polymerase I transcripts, 18S and 28S rRNAs and their precursor, 45-47S pre-rRNA, but had no effect on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed 5S rRNA levels.
Klíčová slova:
tick-borne encephalitis; host response; rRNA; transcriptional/translational shut-off
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus inhibits rRNA synthesis and host protein production in human cells of neural origin
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with ...
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate in freshwater centrarchid and percid fishes of the Neartic Region (North America)
UHROVÁ, Lucie
2019 - anglický
In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America are reviewed and recognized as a valid: (1) Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925, (2) Proteocephalus luciopercae Wardle, 1932, (3) Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 and additionaly Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), which does not belong to this Proteocephalus aggregate, is provided for the first time. Moreover, molecular analysis of the contatenated (28S rDNA+COI) dataset of Proteocephalus-aggregate species is presented. In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America are reviewed and recognized as a valid: (1) Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925, (2) Proteocephalus luciopercae Wardle, 1932, (3) Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 and additionaly Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), which does not belong to this Proteocephalus aggregate, is provided for the first time. Moreover, molecular analysis of the contatenated (28S rDNA+COI) dataset of Proteocephalus-aggregate species is presented.
Klíčová slova:
Cestoda; Proteocephalidea; Proteocephalus-aggregate
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate in freshwater centrarchid and percid fishes of the Neartic Region (North America)
In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America ...
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Tereza
2019 - anglický
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity. This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity.
Klíčová slova:
Planorbidae; Digenea; Parasite diversity; Community composition; Reservoir; Europe
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights ...
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genus Leptotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
PAPP MAREŠOVÁ, Jana
2019 - anglický
V této práci jsme se zabývali fylogenetickými a biogeografickými vztahy opomíjených motýlů subtribu Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), který je široce rozšířen v tropických a subtropických oblastech celého světa. Použili jsme jak mitochondriální tak nukleární markery a různé molekulární analýzy, abychom odhalili vztahy v rámci tohoto subtribu. Také jsme se zaměřili na časy diverzifikace a biogeografické patrnosti taxonů Starého světa a zabývali jsme se detailní fylogeografií nejrozšířenějšího druhu, Leptotes pirithous. In this thesis, we investigated phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of neglected butterflies of the subtribe Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. We used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and different molecular analyses to resolve relationships within the subtribe. We also focused on diversification times and biogeographical patterns of Old World taxa and detailed phylogeography of the most widespread species, Leptotes pirithous.
Klíčová slova:
biogeografie; COI; Cyclyrius; Ef1a; Leptotina; fylogeneze; wingless
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genus Leptotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
V této práci jsme se zabývali fylogenetickými a biogeografickými vztahy opomíjených motýlů subtribu Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), který je široce rozšířen v tropických a subtropických oblastech ...
PREDATION PRESSURE ON ARTIFICIAL CATERPILLARS INDICATES ENEMY-REDUCED TIME AND SPACE
SEIFERT, Carlo Lutz
2019 - anglický
This thesis explores patterns of predation on artificial caterpillars in two neotropical lowland rainforest ecosystems. The specific aim was to test if enemy-reduced time and space does exist for physical undefended caterpillars. Our results indicated that larval Lepidoptera are capable to lower predation risk by nocturnal foraging and by avoiding habitats of high light irradiance. Thus, habitat-specific host plant choice by adult females and a timely scheduled foraging behaviour of the caterpillars could remarkably increase the survival rate of immature stages. This thesis explores patterns of predation on artificial caterpillars in two neotropical lowland rainforest ecosystems. The specific aim was to test if enemy-reduced time and space does exist for physical undefended caterpillars. Our results indicated that larval Lepidoptera are capable to lower predation risk by nocturnal foraging and by avoiding habitats of high light irradiance. Thus, habitat-specific host plant choice by adult females and a timely scheduled foraging behaviour of the caterpillars could remarkably increase the survival rate of immature stages.
Klíčová slova:
ants; caterpillars; foraging behaviour; Lepidoptera; predators; rainforest
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
PREDATION PRESSURE ON ARTIFICIAL CATERPILLARS INDICATES ENEMY-REDUCED TIME AND SPACE
This thesis explores patterns of predation on artificial caterpillars in two neotropical lowland rainforest ecosystems. The specific aim was to test if enemy-reduced time and space does exist for ...
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