Evolution of life history and behavior in Hominidae: Towards phylogenetic reconstruction of the chimpanzeehuman last common ancestor
DUDA, Pavel
2017 - English The origin of the fundamental behavioral differences between humans and our closest living relatives is one of the central issues of evolutionary anthropology. In this study we performed a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses using 65 selected life-history and behavioral characters for all extant hominid species to reconstruct the ancestral character states of the last common ancestors of Hominidae, Homininae and Hominini (the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor). These analyses show that many fundamental behavioral and life-history attributes of hominids (including humans) are evidently ancient and likely inherited from the common ancestor of all hominids. On the other hand, numerous behaviors present in extant great apes represent their own terminal autapomorphies (both uniquely derived and homoplastic). We demonstrate that phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral states is able to provide a detailed suite of behavioral, ecological and life-history characters for each hypothetical ancestor. The living great apes therefore play an important role for the identification of the traits found in the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor, some of which are likely to represent behaviors of the fossil hominins. The origin of the fundamental behavioral differences between humans and our closest living relatives is one of the central issues of evolutionary anthropology. In this study we performed a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses using 65 selected life-history and behavioral characters for all extant hominid species to reconstruct the ancestral character states of the last common ancestors of Hominidae, Homininae and Hominini (the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor). These analyses show that many fundamental behavioral and life-history attributes of hominids (including humans) are evidently ancient and likely inherited from the common ancestor of all hominids. On the other hand, numerous behaviors present in extant great apes represent their own terminal autapomorphies (both uniquely derived and homoplastic). We demonstrate that phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral states is able to provide a detailed suite of behavioral, ecological and life-history characters for each hypothetical ancestor. The living great apes therefore play an important role for the identification of the traits found in the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor, some of which are likely to represent behaviors of the fossil hominins. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Evolution of life history and behavior in Hominidae: Towards phylogenetic reconstruction of the chimpanzeehuman last common ancestor

The origin of the fundamental behavioral differences between humans and our closest living relatives is one of the central issues of evolutionary anthropology. In this study we performed a series of ...

DUDA, Pavel
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2017

Dětské úrazy spojené s vodou v českých aquaparcích
ŠVANCAROVÁ, Alena
2017 - Czech Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Dětské úrazy spojené s vodou v českých aquaparcích

ŠVANCAROVÁ, Alena
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2017

Jodurie a diabetes mellitus typu 1 - vztahy k vybraným klinickým parametrům u dospělých diabetiků
VOSÁTKOVÁ, Michala
2017 - English Hlavním cílem studie bylo získat základní informace o stavu saturace jodem u diabetiků 1. typu, do jaké míry se odlišuje od nediabetické populace a zda zásobení jodem souvisí s některými klinickými a laboratorními charakteristikami diabetického syndromu, včetně stavu štítné žlázy. The main aims of this study were to obtain information about iodine saturation in patients with type 1 diabetes, determine to what extent this saturation differs from the non-diabetic population and determine whether iodine levels are related to several clinical and laboratory parameters characteristic of diabetic syndrome, including thyroid status. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; jod; jodurie; jodová deficience; štítná žláza Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Jodurie a diabetes mellitus typu 1 - vztahy k vybraným klinickým parametrům u dospělých diabetiků

Hlavním cílem studie bylo získat základní informace o stavu saturace jodem u diabetiků 1. typu, do jaké míry se odlišuje od nediabetické populace a zda zásobení jodem souvisí s některými klinickými a ...

VOSÁTKOVÁ, Michala
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2017

Origin of Spergularia ×kurkae, a hybrid between the rare endemic S. echinosperma and its widespread congener S. rubra
KÚR, Pavel
2017 - English S využitím molekulárních metod byl zkoumán původ druhu Spergularia ×kurkae, domnělého tetraploidního křížence mezi diploidním středoevropským endemitem S. echinosperma a běžným tetraploidním druhem S. rubra. Sekvence regionu ITS (internal transcribed spacer) potvrdily hybridní původ S. ×kurkae jakožto křížence mezi S. echinosperma a S. rubra. Jelikož u téměř všech jedinců S. ×kurkae byla pozorována neúplná homogenizace rodičovských homeologů (incomplete concerted evolution), lze předpokládat, že S. ×kurkae je mladým taxonem. Je pravděpodobné, že tento taxon vznikl lidským přičiněním jakožto následek introdukce druhu S. rubra na obnažená rybniční dna. The origin of Spergularia ×kurkae, a presumed tetraploid hybrid between diploid central-European endemic S. echinosperma and its widespread tetraploid congener S. rubra, was investigated using molecular tools. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) confirmed the hybrid origin of S. ×kurkae and the parentage. As incomplete concerted evolution of the ITS region was observed in nearly all individuals of S. ×kurkae, it is probable that S. ×kurkae is a young taxon. We speculate that it might have evolved as a result of human-mediated introduction of S. rubra into fishponds. Keywords: endemismus; hybridizace; genová introgrese; Spergularia Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Origin of Spergularia ×kurkae, a hybrid between the rare endemic S. echinosperma and its widespread congener S. rubra

S využitím molekulárních metod byl zkoumán původ druhu Spergularia ×kurkae, domnělého tetraploidního křížence mezi diploidním středoevropským endemitem S. echinosperma a běžným tetraploidním druhem S. ...

KÚR, Pavel
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2017

The Effect of P Enrichment on Exudate Quantity and Bioavailability - a Comparison of Two Macrophyte Species
KUBEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
2016 - English A study on rhizodeposition rates and rhizodeposits bioavailability (microbial respiration, N mineralization and phosphatase activity) of two macrophyte species with different life strategies (stress-tolerator and competitor) was conducted. Research was carried out in tropical marshes of Belize; results from the field were supported by 13C partitioning mesocosm study. The stresstolerant Eleocharis spp. released more C from roots than Typha domingensis and this C was more biodegradable. The two species responded to P enrichment differently. While Eleocharisspp. invested more assimilated C to the belowground (roots, rhizomes and rhizodepositions) after P fertilization, in T. domingensis the belowground C investment decreased. The effect of plant species was larger than the effect of P enrichment. Eleocharis spp., adapted to growth under low nutrients, invests more carbon into exudation a promotion of its microbial communities in the rhizosphere while competitive T. domingensis spends more fixed C on its own growth and metabolism. Keywords: Biological availability; C partitioning; Eutrophication; Herbaceous marshes; Mineralization; P limitation; Plant life strategy; Rhizodeposition/Exudation Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. The Effect of P Enrichment on Exudate Quantity and Bioavailability - a Comparison of Two Macrophyte Species

A study on rhizodeposition rates and rhizodeposits bioavailability (microbial respiration, N mineralization and phosphatase activity) of two macrophyte species with different life strategies ...

KUBEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Eggs as a Suitable Tool for Species Diagnosis of Causative Agents of Human Diphyllobothriosis (Cestoda)
LEŠTINOVÁ, Kateřina
2016 - English More than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes infecting humans were compared. Combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural (surface morphology) data made it possible to distinguish all species. More than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes infecting humans were compared. Combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural (surface morphology) data made it possible to distinguish all species. Keywords: Cestoda; Tapeworms; Diphyllobothrium; eggs; SEM; Human Diphyllobothriosis; ultrastrucure; morphometry Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Eggs as a Suitable Tool for Species Diagnosis of Causative Agents of Human Diphyllobothriosis (Cestoda)

More than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes infecting humans were compared. Combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural (surface morphology) data made it possible to ...

LEŠTINOVÁ, Kateřina
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Testing the stress-gradient hypothesis at the roof of the world: effects of the cushion plant Thylacospermum caespitosum on species assemblages
DVORSKÝ, Miroslav
2016 - English Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Testing the stress-gradient hypothesis at the roof of the world: effects of the cushion plant Thylacospermum caespitosum on species assemblages

DVORSKÝ, Miroslav
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Effect of low doses of herbicide paraquat on antioxidant defense in Drosophila
SÁBOVÁ, Michala
2016 - English Disruption of cell equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant defence is named oxidative stress. The main component of antioxidant mechanism is activity of antioxidant enzymes, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In this study we evaluated the effect of herbicide paraquat on response of SOD and catalase, their transcription level and locomotion activity in Drosophila melanogaster. We exposed the flies to a wide range of paraquat concentration. Our results revealed that transcript and enzymatic levels of both SOD and catalase have a similar biphasic dose response with the peaks at 2,5 ?M paraquat concentration, resembling hormetic effect. Then, males were more sensitive than females. However, females had an increased locomotion activity. We found that paraquat susceptibility is increased in males and mating flies. Therefore, this study supports hypothesis of stress sensitivity elevation as a physiological cost of reproduction. Disruption of cell equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant defence is named oxidative stress. The main component of antioxidant mechanism is activity of antioxidant enzymes, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In this study we evaluated the effect of herbicide paraquat on response of SOD and catalase, their transcription level and locomotion activity in Drosophila melanogaster. We exposed the flies to a wide range of paraquat concentration. Our results revealed that transcript and enzymatic levels of both SOD and catalase have a similar biphasic dose response with the peaks at 2,5 ?M paraquat concentration, resembling hormetic effect. Then, males were more sensitive than females. However, females had an increased locomotion activity. We found that paraquat susceptibility is increased in males and mating flies. Therefore, this study supports hypothesis of stress sensitivity elevation as a physiological cost of reproduction. Keywords: superoxide dismutase; catalase; antioxidant mechanism; paraquat; Drosophila melanogaster Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Effect of low doses of herbicide paraquat on antioxidant defense in Drosophila

Disruption of cell equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant defence is named oxidative stress. The main component of antioxidant mechanism is activity of antioxidant enzymes, ...

SÁBOVÁ, Michala
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Measurement of \kur{in situ}Phasporus Availability in Acidified Soils using Iron-Infused Resin soils.
ČAPEK, Petr
2016 - English A hybrid anion resin was tested for in situ phosphorus (P) availability measurement in soils of two stands recovering from acidification and having different P-sorption characteristics. The phosphate (P-PO4) sorption capacity of the resin (before saturation) was 48 mol g-1. Sorption and elution were tested under P-PO4 concentrations common in acidic soils (0 0.42 mmol l-1) either with or without the presence of sulfate (0.2 mmol l-1). The efficiency of P-PO4 sorption was independent of the sulfate and was 100 +/- 0.2% (n = 56, +/- SD). The P-PO4 recovery stabilized after six elution steps (each: 50 ml of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, resin/solution 5:1). The efficiency of P-PO4 recovery was 80 +/- 7% and was used to evaluate field measurements. We determined the amount of P-PO4 in the field using resin bags in three consecutive years. The results indicate that bioavailable P is negatively related to the soil ability to retain P. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Measurement of \kur{in situ}Phasporus Availability in Acidified Soils using Iron-Infused Resin soils.

A hybrid anion resin was tested for in situ phosphorus (P) availability measurement in soils of two stands recovering from acidification and having different P-sorption characteristics. The phosphate ...

ČAPEK, Petr
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Predicting asp and pikeperch recruitment in a riverine redervoir.
BLABOLIL, Petr
2016 - English Recruitment of two species, asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), in a riverine reservoir was studied using a novel statistical approach. Both species are piscivorous and are stocked into reservoirs for biomanipulative purposes to reduce planktivore species. Long-term data series were used, but the number of potential predictors was high. Therefore, a novel informative statistical approach based on dimension reduction methods was applied. Quality of outputs was driven by sampling methods. Main factors affecting asp recruitment were zooplankton abundance, predator density and temperature. In terms of pikeperch fry measured with seine and trawls, the number of predators was the only important factor. Gillnets underestimate small fish and the data were unsuitable for statistical modelling. Keywords: Sliced inversion regression; Stockrecruitment; Temperature; Water level fluctuations; Zooplankton Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Predicting asp and pikeperch recruitment in a riverine redervoir.

Recruitment of two species, asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), in a riverine reservoir was studied using a novel statistical approach. Both species are piscivorous and are ...

BLABOLIL, Petr
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016