No (478)
Number of found documents:
478
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Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Chládková, Kateřina; Podlipský, V.J.; Nudga, Natalia; Paillereau, Nikola; Kynčlová, Kateřina; Šimáčková, Š.
2023 - English
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. We tested whether the learning of new vowels matches 6-month-olds’ listening preferences, being more effective from nonnative-accented speech. We exposed Czech six-month-olds to delexicalised utterances with consonants replaced by [f] and vowels by 405 tokens sampled from a bimodal [ɛ]-[æ] distribution, a contrast absent from Czech, and with either native or atypical rhythm. Discrimination of [ɛ]-[æ] was then tested in an alternating/non-alternating paradigm. Longer first-look duration to non-alternating than to alternating trials – indicating a learning effect – was found in infants familiarised with the novel contrast in atypical rhythm, such effect was not\ndetected after familiarisation with native rhythm. Six-month-olds thus more effectively exploit distributional information about novel vowels from non-native rhythm, which matches their previously reported preferences for listening to novel over familiar accents.
Keywords:
distributional learning; selective learning; non-native rhythm; vowels; infancy
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. ...
Caves in Bohemia et Moravia Subterranea by Mauritius Vogt (1669–1730)
Rychnová, L.; Vokurka, Michal
2023 - English
The Manuscript Bohemia et Moravia Subterranea (1729) by Mauritius Vogt reflects the subterranean landscapes and underground spaces based on Athanasius Kircher’s theories. The paper analyses the application of Kirchers’s terminology to the natural phenomena from Bohemia and Moravia. Further, we focused on how Vogt worked with his sources – how far he relied on literature, correspondence, or personal experience.
Keywords:
Mauritius Vogt; caves; subterranean; underground; early modern period
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Caves in Bohemia et Moravia Subterranea by Mauritius Vogt (1669–1730)
The Manuscript Bohemia et Moravia Subterranea (1729) by Mauritius Vogt reflects the subterranean landscapes and underground spaces based on Athanasius Kircher’s theories. The paper analyses the ...
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
2023 - English
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4- to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall.
Keywords:
infant-directed speech; vowel length; development of early input; Czech
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for ...
The Prager musikalisches Album (1838) and the nineteenth-century salon as cultural practice
Bunzel, Anja
2023 - English
This article deals with a collection of songs and piano pieces, the Prager musikalisches Album, published in 1838, asking two central questions. Drawing on different concepts of the musical work (Werkbegriff), I explore whether the album can be considered a work rather than a loose collection of multiple works. Within the musicological discourse there have been many attempts at defining these terms, ranging from quite narrow categorisations based on aspects of instrumentation, musical form, or stylistic matters to more open approaches encompassing the communicative process and viewing the history of genre as cultural history. Drawing on the latter, I suggest that the Prager musikalisches Album is a prime example of collective authorship, which opens up a second question, namely that of authorship. Authorship may embrace aspects of agency that exceed the realms of the person who penned a musical, literary, or artistic work. Indeed, it may be shaped by performers, audiences, presses/ salespeople, dedicatees, critics, patrons, and anyone else who has an impact on any given work at the time of its creation and/or publicization. By taking this perspective, I suggest that the Prager musikalisches Album is both reflective and representative of nineteenth-century salon culture, within whose context the album was embedded. Offering a holistic analysis of the album and its context, I use this article as a springboard to advocate for a musical historiography that takes into account the full breadth of musical culture, and which embraces, besides composers and poets, a number of other cultural agents that are often overlooked within more traditional music-historical considerations.
Keywords:
nineteenth-century salon; genre; work; Prague; authorship
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The Prager musikalisches Album (1838) and the nineteenth-century salon as cultural practice
This article deals with a collection of songs and piano pieces, the Prager musikalisches Album, published in 1838, asking two central questions. Drawing on different concepts of the musical work ...
Identifying the materials in archaeological textiles
Březinová, Helena; Pechočiaková, M.; Grabmüllerová, J.
2022 - English
Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed textile technology study provides interesting and important information about the use of textile techniques and the quality of processing. The most important information concerns the utilised textile materials, but for degraded textiles, these materials are among the most difficult information to obtain. Image analysis using electron microscopy (SEM) is a significant aide in this pursuit.
Keywords:
archaeological textiles; raw material; SEM; image analyses
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Identifying the materials in archaeological textiles
Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed ...
SWIFT as a Tool Not Only for European Integration
Matejka, Ján; Schlossberger, Otakar
2022 - English
The paper discusses the importance of The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (hereinafter 'SWIFT') not only for European integration. It partially maps its historical development with emphasis on the importance for mutual communication between financial institutions. At the same time, however, it can be a very suitable means of obtaining a range of information as evidence for criminal proceedings in clarifying financial crime offenses. In their research, the authors deal with various approaches to the processing of data obtained from the SWIFT system, which will be submitted to law enforcement authorities. These documents can then be linked to other information, which in turn will help clarify possible financial crime, especially in cross-border, or foreign overlap. The authors' study is based on the hypothesis that 'SWIFT information can contribute to the clarification / detection of financial crime'.
Keywords:
European integration; financial investigation; SWIFT
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
SWIFT as a Tool Not Only for European Integration
The paper discusses the importance of The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (hereinafter 'SWIFT') not only for European integration. It partially maps its historical ...
Exploring the Contribution of Isochrony-based Features to Computerized Assessment of Handwriting Disabilities
Gavenčiak, M.; Zvončák, V.; Mekyska, J.; Šafárová, Katarína; Čunek, Lukáš; Urbánek, Tomáš; Havigerová, Jana Marie; Bednářová, Jiřina; Galáž, Z.; Mucha, J.
2022 - English
Approximately 30–60 % of the time children spend in school is associated with handwriting. However, up to 30 % of them experience handwriting disabilities (HD), which lead to a decrease in their academic performance. Current HD assessment methods are not unified and show signs of subjectivity which can lead to misdiagnosis. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to objective HD assessment based on the principle of movement isochrony. For this purpose, we used a database of 137 children attending a primary school, who performed a transcription and dictation task, and who were associated with a BHK (Concise Evaluation Scale for Children's Handwriting) score. Employing a machine learning model, we were able to estimate this score with 18 % error. An interpretation of the model suggests that the isochrony-based features could bring new benefits to the objective assessment of HD.
Keywords:
developmental dysgraphia; handwriting difficulties; isochrony; online handwriting
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Exploring the Contribution of Isochrony-based Features to Computerized Assessment of Handwriting Disabilities
Approximately 30–60 % of the time children spend in school is associated with handwriting. However, up to 30 % of them experience handwriting disabilities (HD), which lead to a decrease in their ...
Introduction
Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - English
This chapter is an introductory study of the whole Volume. It provides an overview of the recent production concerning the role of science in the WW2 and sumarizes the possible levels of comparison.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Introduction
This chapter is an introductory study of the whole Volume. It provides an overview of the recent production concerning the role of science in the WW2 and sumarizes the possible levels of comparison.
Between Persecution and Redeployment. The Contribution to Prosopography of the Academic Staff of the Charles University in Prague in Context of the Measures from the Autumn 1939
Kostlán, Antonín; Šimůnek, Michal V.; Hořejš, M.
2021 - English
This chapter offers a prosopographical evaluation of the changes in the academic staff of the Charles University in Prague after 17 November 1939. It analyzes the different redeployment possibilities and offers a comparison with the situation at the Czech Technical University in Prague.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Between Persecution and Redeployment. The Contribution to Prosopography of the Academic Staff of the Charles University in Prague in Context of the Measures from the Autumn 1939
This chapter offers a prosopographical evaluation of the changes in the academic staff of the Charles University in Prague after 17 November 1939. It analyzes the different redeployment possibilities ...
Destruction and Scientific Knowledge. On Significance of the German Armament Industry and Military Administration for R&D in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the ‘Total War’ (Totalkrieg), 1943–1945
Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - English
This chapter offers an overview of the development of Czech corporate research during the German occupation, especially in the period of the total war (1943-1945). It summarizes also the current knowledge on the transfers of scientifically relevant entities into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia etc.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Destruction and Scientific Knowledge. On Significance of the German Armament Industry and Military Administration for R&D in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the ‘Total War’ (Totalkrieg), 1943–1945
This chapter offers an overview of the development of Czech corporate research during the German occupation, especially in the period of the total war (1943-1945). It summarizes also the current ...
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