Multi-criteria assessment of buildings in context of sustainable building
Hájek Petr; Lupíšek Antonín; Kabele Karel
2013 - English The vision of the thesis is that sustainable building becomes business as usual, integral part of the design process of architects and designers as well as the construction and operation of buildings. Mission of the work was to provide tools enabling faster implementation of sustainable building measures into the daily practice of architects, designers, investors and developers. The text describes the findings of the work sub-tasks: review of related standards, projects and activities; existing sets of core indicators for assessment of sustainability of buildings; review and analysis of existing building sustainability certification schemes and tools for preliminary assessment of building sustainability; review and analysis of sustainable building design guides and checklists for architects; review of existing databases of environmental impacts of building products; understanding needs of stakeholders in sustainable building; understanding building design process and specific needs of architects and designers and analysis of main success factors of building sustainability assessment tools. The text presents an implementation of the gained knowledge into products supporting sustainability of the building stock in the Czech Republic: SBToolCORE (analytic tool that enabled optimization of buildings with help of various assessment methodologies); SBToolCZ for residential and office buildings (national building sustainability certification system) and proposal of its simplified version for family houses; Envimat.cz (national database of environmental impacts of production of buildings materials); and proposal of PROCY (a complex expert system enabling architects and designers to better understand links between design process of buildings and their resulting level of sustainability).The vision of the thesis is that sustainable building becomes business as usual, integral part of the design process of architects and designers as well as the construction and operation of buildings. Mission of the work was to provide tools enabling faster implementation of sustainable building measures into the daily practice of architects, designers, investors and developers. The text describes the findings of the work sub-tasks: review of related standards, projects and activities; existing sets of core indicators for assessment of sustainability of buildings; review and analysis of existing building sustainability certification schemes and tools for preliminary assessment of building sustainability; review and analysis of sustainable building design guides and checklists for architects; review of existing databases of environmental impacts of building products; understanding needs of stakeholders in sustainable building; understanding building design process and specific needs of architects and designers and analysis of main success factors of building sustainability assessment tools. The text presents an implementation of the gained knowledge into products supporting sustainability of the building stock in the Czech Republic: SBToolCORE (analytic tool that enabled optimization of buildings with help of various assessment methodologies); SBToolCZ for residential and office buildings (national building sustainability certification system) and proposal of its simplified version for family houses; Envimat.cz (national database of environmental impacts of production of buildings materials); and proposal of PROCY (a complex expert system enabling architects and designers to better understand links between design process of buildings and their resulting level of sustainability). Keywords: building sustainability assessment; architects; design tools; SBToolCZ; Envimat Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Multi-criteria assessment of buildings in context of sustainable building

The vision of the thesis is that sustainable building becomes business as usual, integral part of the design process of architects and designers as well as the construction and operation of buildings. ...

Hájek Petr; Lupíšek Antonín; Kabele Karel
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

Double Parton Scattering Contribution to the Same-Sign W Boson Pair Production at ATLAS
Staroba Pavel; Myška Miroslav; Dolejší Jiří
2013 - English Feasibility study of Double Parton Scattering Measurement at ATLASFeasibility study of Double Parton Scattering Measurement at ATLAS Keywords: LHC,ATLAS,Lepton Production,Double Parton Scattering,Monte Carlo Simulations Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Double Parton Scattering Contribution to the Same-Sign W Boson Pair Production at ATLAS

Feasibility study of Double Parton Scattering Measurement at ATLASFeasibility study of Double Parton Scattering Measurement at ATLAS

Staroba Pavel; Myška Miroslav; Dolejší Jiří
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

Application of fluorometric and numerical analysis for assessing the algal resistance of external thermal insulation composite systems
Černý Robert; von Werder Julia; Hošek Jiří
2013 - English The problem of algal growth on external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) due to the continually raised insulation standard has not yet been satisfactorily solved until today. Adopted strategies for improving the algal resistance can be divided into chemical or hygrothermal approaches, which can be assessed either directly in laboratory and weathering tests or indirectly by quantifying the growth conditions with numerical simulation tools.The thesis starts with a comprehensive review on the state of the scientific and technological knowledge and examines the application of fluorometric and numerical analysis for evaluating the algal resistance of ETICS.The efficiency of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry for directly quantifying the algal biomass on the facade surface was analysed within three weathering tests which comprised 33 different ETICS specimens. The fluorescence measurements were performed using the IMAGING PAM of the company Walz, which features a large examination area and an image analysis. The results of the fluorometric analysis confirm the effectiveness of biocides and indicate a higher algal resistance of the mineral rendering systems compared to the organic systems.The options and limitations of using numerical simulation for the assessment of the algal resistance of ETICS were evaluated using the software WUFIR Pro 5.0 developed by the Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics. Within selected parameter studies an appropriate evaluation criterion was identified and the impact of varying material data and exterior boundary conditions was assessed.The results illustrate the added value of combining experimental and numerical analysis. The numerical simulation shows that a high liquid moisture diffusivity theoretically improves the algal resistance of ETICS. If the algal resistance of rendering systems can be actually reduced by an adjusted liquid moisture diffusivity or is dominated by phenomena not included into the numerical study (e. g. weathering, soiling and leaching) can only be validated experimentally.The experimental results demonstrate that the actual algal resistance of ETICS specimens in the course of the weathering process can be measured objectively and efficiently using fluorescence measurements. The missing correspondence between the calculated and measured algal resistance is attributed to the simplifications inherent to the approximation of the hygric material functions and therefore emphasizes the need for further research.The problem of algal growth on external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) due to the continually raised insulation standard has not yet been satisfactorily solved until today. Adopted strategies for improving the algal resistance can be divided into chemical or hygrothermal approaches, which can be assessed either directly in laboratory and weathering tests or indirectly by quantifying the growth conditions with numerical simulation tools.The thesis starts with a comprehensive review on the state of the scientific and technological knowledge and examines the application of fluorometric and numerical analysis for evaluating the algal resistance of ETICS.The efficiency of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry for directly quantifying the algal biomass on the facade surface was analysed within three weathering tests which comprised 33 different ETICS specimens. The fluorescence measurements were performed using the IMAGING PAM of the company Walz, which features a large examination area and an image analysis. The results of the fluorometric analysis confirm the effectiveness of biocides and indicate a higher algal resistance of the mineral rendering systems compared to the organic systems.The options and limitations of using numerical simulation for the assessment of the algal resistance of ETICS were evaluated using the software WUFIR Pro 5.0 developed by the Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics. Within selected parameter studies an appropriate evaluation criterion was identified and the impact of varying material data and exterior boundary conditions was assessed.The results illustrate the added value of combining experimental and numerical analysis. The numerical simulation shows that a high liquid moisture diffusivity theoretically improves the algal resistance of ETICS. If the algal resistance of rendering systems can be actually reduced by an adjusted liquid moisture diffusivity or is dominated by phenomena not included into the numerical study (e. g. weathering, soiling and leaching) can only be validated experimentally.The experimental results demonstrate that the actual algal resistance of ETICS specimens in the course of the weathering process can be measured objectively and efficiently using fluorescence measurements. The missing correspondence between the calculated and measured algal resistance is attributed to the simplifications inherent to the approximation of the hygric material functions and therefore emphasizes the need for further research. Keywords: External thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS); rendering system; algae; weathering test; Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry; numerical simulation Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Application of fluorometric and numerical analysis for assessing the algal resistance of external thermal insulation composite systems

The problem of algal growth on external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) due to the continually raised insulation standard has not yet been satisfactorily solved until today. Adopted ...

Černý Robert; von Werder Julia; Hošek Jiří
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

Fuzzy logic-based expert systems applied to concrete technology
Štemberk Petr; Leal da Silva Wilson Ricardo; Bittnar Zdeněk
2013 - English To increase competitiveness and cost reduction, the concrete industry is constantly developing solutions to optimize their production process and ensure quality. Moreover, considering short deadlines, tight budgets, and the industry's trends of accelerating construction processes, optimization is therefore becoming essential. However, this is not easy to achieve because it involves analyses of processes and materials that are imprecise, non-linear, and time-variant. Hence, the use of analytical equations for optimization purposes is sometimes cumbersome. Although processes are complex in their nature, human operators can usually control them through knowledge-based linguistic rules. Therefore, fuzzy logic arises as a powerful tool for aiding expert systems, since it allows dealing with verbal expressions to simulate human reasoning, reducing complexity while maintaining credibility. The use of fuzzy logic is within the scope of this work. The main goal is to design advanced fuzzy logic-based expert systems focused on concrete technology applications. In particular, the systems focus on the Ready-mixed concrete production process, precast concrete quality control, and experimental-based material modeling. Moreover, the objective of this work also includes the development of innovative approaches and engineering tools that are designed to support the expert systems. Applications of the proposed expert systems are presented. The obtained results indicate that the developed systems allow for optimization in the studied processes, leading to cost reduction. In addition, fuzzy logic proved to be a robust tool that allows for including vague ideas in expert systems; as a result, less complex solutions were achieved without necessarily reducing the credibility of the results.To increase competitiveness and cost reduction, the concrete industry is constantly developing solutions to optimize their production process and ensure quality. Moreover, considering short deadlines, tight budgets, and the industry's trends of accelerating construction processes, optimization is therefore becoming essential. However, this is not easy to achieve because it involves analyses of processes and materials that are imprecise, non-linear, and time-variant. Hence, the use of analytical equations for optimization purposes is sometimes cumbersome. Although processes are complex in their nature, human operators can usually control them through knowledge-based linguistic rules. Therefore, fuzzy logic arises as a powerful tool for aiding expert systems, since it allows dealing with verbal expressions to simulate human reasoning, reducing complexity while maintaining credibility. The use of fuzzy logic is within the scope of this work. The main goal is to design advanced fuzzy logic-based expert systems focused on concrete technology applications. In particular, the systems focus on the Ready-mixed concrete production process, precast concrete quality control, and experimental-based material modeling. Moreover, the objective of this work also includes the development of innovative approaches and engineering tools that are designed to support the expert systems. Applications of the proposed expert systems are presented. The obtained results indicate that the developed systems allow for optimization in the studied processes, leading to cost reduction. In addition, fuzzy logic proved to be a robust tool that allows for including vague ideas in expert systems; as a result, less complex solutions were achieved without necessarily reducing the credibility of the results. Keywords: concrete industry; concrete technology; expert system; fuzzy logic; material modeling; quality control. Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Fuzzy logic-based expert systems applied to concrete technology

To increase competitiveness and cost reduction, the concrete industry is constantly developing solutions to optimize their production process and ensure quality. Moreover, considering short deadlines, ...

Štemberk Petr; Leal da Silva Wilson Ricardo; Bittnar Zdeněk
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

Component method for column base with embedded plate
Wald František; Žižka Jiří; Šejnoha Michal
2013 - English Objective of the thesis is research on structural behaviour of column bases with embedded plate. The main aims are resistance, stiffness and rotational capacity of the joint. The joint behaviour is predicted by a numerical prediction model based on finite element method. This prediction is compared to experimental investigation performed on one to one scale specimens of column base with embedded plate. Based on findings, an analytical behaviour prediction model based on component method is created. Within the model, behaviour of two new components is described: the steel plate in tension and the punching through steel plate. The research is supported by grant RFSR-CT-2007-00051 InFaSo, by research fellowship provided by German Academical Exchange Service DAAD (www.daad.de) and by grant SGS10/237/OHK1/3T/11 (Advanced structures from steel and glass).Objective of the thesis is research on structural behaviour of column bases with embedded plate. The main aims are resistance, stiffness and rotational capacity of the joint. The joint behaviour is predicted by a numerical prediction model based on finite element method. This prediction is compared to experimental investigation performed on one to one scale specimens of column base with embedded plate. Based on findings, an analytical behaviour prediction model based on component method is created. Within the model, behaviour of two new components is described: the steel plate in tension and the punching through steel plate. The research is supported by grant RFSR-CT-2007-00051 InFaSo, by research fellowship provided by German Academical Exchange Service DAAD (www.daad.de) and by grant SGS10/237/OHK1/3T/11 (Advanced structures from steel and glass). Keywords: steel; column base; embedded plate; component method Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Component method for column base with embedded plate

Objective of the thesis is research on structural behaviour of column bases with embedded plate. The main aims are resistance, stiffness and rotational capacity of the joint. The joint behaviour is ...

Wald František; Žižka Jiří; Šejnoha Michal
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

A Resonant Effect for Periodically Time-Dependent Singular Flux Tube and a Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Šťovíček Pavel; Kalvoda Tomáš; Exner Pavel
2013 - English Available at various departments of the ČVUT. A Resonant Effect for Periodically Time-Dependent Singular Flux Tube and a Homogeneous Magnetic Field

Šťovíček Pavel; Kalvoda Tomáš; Exner Pavel
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

FFT-based method for homogenization of periodic media: Theory and applications
Zeman Jan; Vondřejc Jaroslav; Kruis Jaroslav
2013 - English This dissertation is devoted to an FFT-based homogenization scheme, a numerical method for the evaluation of the effective (homogenized) matrix of periodic linear heterogeneous materials. A problem is explained and demonstrated on a scalar problem modeling electric conduction, heat conduction, or diffusion. Originally, FFT-based homogenization, that was proposed by Moulinec and Suquet, is a numerical algorithm derived from Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Its equivalence to a corresponding weak formulation is shown; it eliminates a reference homogeneous material, a parameter of Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Next, Galerkin approximation with numerical integration is introduced to produce Moulinec-Suquet algorithm; trigonometric polynomials are taken as the trial space. Convergence of approximate solutions to the solution of weak formulation is provided using a standard finite element approach together with approximation properties of trigonometric polynomials. Then, the solution of assembled non-symmetric linear system by Conjugate gradients, proposed by Zeman et al., is clarified. Next, we study arbitrary accurate guaranteed bounds of homogenized matrix introduced by Dvořák for a scalar problem and later independently by Wieckowski for linear elasticity. This approach is also applicable for FFT-based homogenization. A general technique is proposed to allow for efficient calculation by FFT algorithm and to maintain the upper-lower bound structure. Dual formulation is employed to obtain lower bounds - for odd number of discretization points, the solution of dual formulation can be avoided. A general number of discretization points leads to a more complicated theory in both discretization and numerical treatment. Finally, applications of FFT-based homogenization to real-world problems is demonstrated. The method is used to calculate homogenized matrix for cement paste, gypsum and aluminum alloy with local data obtained from nanoindentation. Next, it is employed as a part of two-step homogenization for a highly porous aluminium foam.This dissertation is devoted to an FFT-based homogenization scheme, a numerical method for the evaluation of the effective (homogenized) matrix of periodic linear heterogeneous materials. A problem is explained and demonstrated on a scalar problem modeling electric conduction, heat conduction, or diffusion. Originally, FFT-based homogenization, that was proposed by Moulinec and Suquet, is a numerical algorithm derived from Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Its equivalence to a corresponding weak formulation is shown; it eliminates a reference homogeneous material, a parameter of Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Next, Galerkin approximation with numerical integration is introduced to produce Moulinec-Suquet algorithm; trigonometric polynomials are taken as the trial space. Convergence of approximate solutions to the solution of weak formulation is provided using a standard finite element approach together with approximation properties of trigonometric polynomials. Then, the solution of assembled non-symmetric linear system by Conjugate gradients, proposed by Zeman et al., is clarified. Next, we study arbitrary accurate guaranteed bounds of homogenized matrix introduced by Dvořák for a scalar problem and later independently by Wieckowski for linear elasticity. This approach is also applicable for FFT-based homogenization. A general technique is proposed to allow for efficient calculation by FFT algorithm and to maintain the upper-lower bound structure. Dual formulation is employed to obtain lower bounds - for odd number of discretization points, the solution of dual formulation can be avoided. A general number of discretization points leads to a more complicated theory in both discretization and numerical treatment. Finally, applications of FFT-based homogenization to real-world problems is demonstrated. The method is used to calculate homogenized matrix for cement paste, gypsum and aluminum alloy with local data obtained from nanoindentation. Next, it is employed as a part of two-step homogenization for a highly porous aluminium foam. Keywords: homogenization; Fourier transform; FFT; discretization; finite element method; convergence; guaranteed bounds Available at various departments of the ČVUT. FFT-based method for homogenization of periodic media: Theory and applications

This dissertation is devoted to an FFT-based homogenization scheme, a numerical method for the evaluation of the effective (homogenized) matrix of periodic linear heterogeneous materials. A problem is ...

Zeman Jan; Vondřejc Jaroslav; Kruis Jaroslav
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

STUDY OF THE SIGNAL GENERATED BY ENERGETIC IONS AND NEUTRONS IN SILICON STRIP AND PIXEL DETECTORS
Blažej Josef; Král Vlastimil; Suk Michal
2013 - English Available at various departments of the ČVUT. STUDY OF THE SIGNAL GENERATED BY ENERGETIC IONS AND NEUTRONS IN SILICON STRIP AND PIXEL DETECTORS

Blažej Josef; Král Vlastimil; Suk Michal
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

Potential of energy-saving applying phase change materials in civil engineering
Křístek Vladimír; Bonfert Paul
2013 - English It is to be introduced by the application of microencapsulated paraffin's as a PCM technically feasibly additional memory mass in the structural fabric of a building or from parts of the building - also afterwards-. A building cooling by controlled night airing, like they partly in buildings with lying open, massive structural fabric is to be found, seems therefore also in other areas possible. Examples are buildings in lightweight construction as well as office building with an up to now insufficient warm capacity. In the latter single components can be also provided like false ceilings with PCM containing plasters or fillers. Plaster boards with integrated PCM are in the test. After present state of knowledge 1 cm of a PCM containing building material owns the same warm capacity like a 5-cm-thick brick wall. Covered to the wall strength this means an increase of the warm capacity around the factor 5 - the factor 10 is aimed in the medium term. With the present pilot's uses it concerns relatively heavy buildings. Hence, the effects are not very big on account of the application of PCM containing building materials. However, investigations of the Fraunhofer-ISE in two test cells in lightweight construction show that the chill effect of PCM containing building materials can be substantial. The test cell equipped with a PCM containing filler showed at temperatures from more than 30°C compared with the authoritative cell up to 4 K lower air temperatures and wall temperatures. With attempts under real conditions - with automatic Verschattung - appeared for a longer period in the PCM equipped test cell increases temperatures between 20 and 26 °C. In the authoritative cell the temperature lay in the same period on average around approx. 2 °C higher. Within the scope of other research project it is also worked on the macro encapsulation of PCM which should allow the application of salt hydrates.It is to be introduced by the application of microencapsulated paraffin's as a PCM technically feasibly additional memory mass in the structural fabric of a building or from parts of the building - also afterwards-. A building cooling by controlled night airing, like they partly in buildings with lying open, massive structural fabric is to be found, seems therefore also in other areas possible. Examples are buildings in lightweight construction as well as office building with an up to now insufficient warm capacity. In the latter single components can be also provided like false ceilings with PCM containing plasters or fillers. Plaster boards with integrated PCM are in the test. After present state of knowledge 1 cm of a PCM containing building material owns the same warm capacity like a 5-cm-thick brick wall. Covered to the wall strength this means an increase of the warm capacity around the factor 5 - the factor 10 is aimed in the medium term. With the present pilot's uses it concerns relatively heavy buildings. Hence, the effects are not very big on account of the application of PCM containing building materials. However, investigations of the Fraunhofer-ISE in two test cells in lightweight construction show that the chill effect of PCM containing building materials can be substantial. The test cell equipped with a PCM containing filler showed at temperatures from more than 30°C compared with the authoritative cell up to 4 K lower air temperatures and wall temperatures. With attempts under real conditions - with automatic Verschattung - appeared for a longer period in the PCM equipped test cell increases temperatures between 20 and 26 °C. In the authoritative cell the temperature lay in the same period on average around approx. 2 °C higher. Within the scope of other research project it is also worked on the macro encapsulation of PCM which should allow the application of salt hydrates. Keywords: PCM (Phase Change Material); natural sources of energy; latent thermal-storage; climate buildings; save Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Potential of energy-saving applying phase change materials in civil engineering

It is to be introduced by the application of microencapsulated paraffin's as a PCM technically feasibly additional memory mass in the structural fabric of a building or from parts of the building - ...

Křístek Vladimír; Bonfert Paul
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013

Diffraction in the ATLAS Experiment
Vrba Václav; Růžička Pavel; Valkárová Alice
2013 - English Diffraction in the ATLAS ExperimentDiffraction in the ATLAS Experiment Available at various departments of the ČVUT. Diffraction in the ATLAS Experiment

Diffraction in the ATLAS ExperimentDiffraction in the ATLAS Experiment

Vrba Václav; Růžička Pavel; Valkárová Alice
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2013