No (169)
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Emise N.sub.2./sub.O a N.sub.2./sub., denitrifikační aktivita a velikost denitrifikačního společenstva v pastevní půdě - jakou roli zde hraje pH?
Čuhel, Jiří; Šimek, Miloslav; Laughlin, R.J.; Chéneby, D.; Bru, D.; Philippot, L.
2009 - Czech
Denitrifikace a následné emise N jsou významně ovlivněny půdní reakcí (pH). Nicméně není jasné, zda pH řídí denitrifikaci pouze skrze kinetiku denitrifikačních enzymů nebo i skrze strukturu denitrifikačního společenstva. Cílem této práce bylo získat lepší vhled do průběhu emisí N.sub.2./sub.O a N.sub.2./sub. stanovených in situ z půd s rozdílnou hodnotou půdní reakce (pH), srovnat získané výsledky s laboratorním stanovením denitrifikační aktivity, a zjistit, zda je ve studovaných půdách možné nalézt nějaké spojení mezi produkcí N.sub.2./sub.O a N.sub.2./sub. a abundancí denitrifikačního společenstva. Pokusná plocha se nacházela v pastevním areálu farmy Borová u Českého Krumlova a byla rozdělena do 12 čtverců (každý 3×3 m) upravených přídavky roztoku KOH (varianta se zásaditým pH půdy), roztoku H.sub.2./sub.SO.sub.4./sub. (kyselé pH) nebo ponechaných bez přídavku (přirozené pH). Emise N.sub.2./sub.O a N.sub.2./sub. in situ byly stanoveny v průběhu 74 h pomocí přenosných komor. Denitrification and subsequent N emissions are significantly influenced by soil pH. Nevertheless, it is not clear, whether pH controls denitrification only due to the influence on kinetics of denitrification enzymes or also due to the different structure of denitrifiers. The objective of the present study was to compare results from N gas emissions and N.sub.2./sub.O molar ratio from soils with artificially changed pH, with those obtained from potential denitrification, and to find out whether there is a relationship between N fluxes and abundance of denitrifiers. The experimental site was located in a grassland area at Borová Farm near Český Krumlov, Czech Republic, and consisted of 12 plots (3x3 m) amended with KOH solution (pH alkaline), H.sub.2./sub.SO.sub.4./sub. solution (pH acidic) or with no amendments (pH natural). The .sup.15./sup.N gas flux method was used to quantify emissions of N.sub.2./sub.O and N.sub.2./sub. in situ at intervals over 74 H.
Keywords:
denitrification; N.sub.2./sub.O; N.sub.2./sub. emission
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Emise N.sub.2./sub.O a N.sub.2./sub., denitrifikační aktivita a velikost denitrifikačního společenstva v pastevní půdě - jakou roli zde hraje pH?
Denitrifikace a následné emise N jsou významně ovlivněny půdní reakcí (pH). Nicméně není jasné, zda pH řídí denitrifikaci pouze skrze kinetiku denitrifikačních enzymů nebo i skrze strukturu ...
Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda in a riparian forest - mesic forest
Rusek, Josef; Reithofer, D.; Schmid, S.; Truxa, Ch.; Weber, J.; Wilde, U.
2009 - English
Communities of soil Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda were studied in a riparian forest - mesic forest ecotone in the Stromovka Park in the inundation zone of the Vltava River in České Budějovice, South Bohemia, Czech Republic. Ten soil samples, each 10 cm.sup.2./sup. and 5 cm deep, were taken on April 3rd, 2000 in each of five parallel rows from the swampy part without water (row I). Row II was 1 m to the east from row I in a dense .i.Pragmites communis./i. uderstory of the .i.Populus canadensis, Quercus robus./i. dominated riparian forest. Row III was 5 m to the east with the same understory composition, and IV was 10 m further to the east with less dense .i.Phragmites./i. understory growth mixed with grasses and .i.Geranium silvaticum./i. and other understory herbs and poplar and oak litter on the soil surface. Row V was 5 m from row IV in a mesic forest with .i.Quercus robur, Betula alba./i. trees and grass with mosses in understory.
Keywords:
Collembola; Protura; Pauropoda
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda in a riparian forest - mesic forest
Communities of soil Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda were studied in a riparian forest - mesic forest ecotone in the Stromovka Park in the inundation zone of the Vltava River in České Budějovice, ...
Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Wytwer, J.; Tajovský, Karel
2009 - English
Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from riparian alder forest through eutrophic beech forests to open habitats in subalpine grasslands, within the altitude range 612–1,218 m a.s.l. were sampled. Pitfall trapping and soil sampling were used for the collection of animals since June 2005 till June 2006. In total, 848 specimens of centipedes belonging to 19 species were sampled. Among them, the species .i.Lithobius latro./i. was recorded in Poland for the first time. .i.Lithobius lucifugus, Strigamia transsilvanica, Geophilus insculptus, Schendyla carniolensis./i. were found in this region of Poland for the first time. Specimens of the genus .i.Stenotaenia./i. recorded in the study sites represent a new stenotopic species. Between 7 and 14 species were found in each stand.
Keywords:
centipedes; vertical gradient; Bieszczady Mts.
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from ...
Has .i.Tilia x euchlora./i. a detrimental effect on soil annelids in urban greens?
Schlaghamerský, J.; Khodabocus, J.B.; Pižl, Václav
2009 - English
The potential effect of the exotic linden .i.Tilia x euchlora./i., widely planted in urban greens, on soil-dwelling annelids (Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) was investigated in two parks in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Linden trees are the source of honeydew that might affect soil biota and remains an important input of these trees into the soil compartment even if litter is being removed as part of the park management. There have also been discussions about the alleged toxicity of .i.T. x euchlora./i. nectar to pollinators. The native .i.T. platyphyllos./i. was used as a control. Within two days in November 2006 annelids were sampled at three different distances (1 m, 3 m, 6 m) along transects from the trees to well developed lawns. Earthworms were extracted by the electrical-octet method, enchytraeids by wet funnel extraction from soil cores taken down to 12 cm.
Keywords:
Lumbricidae; Enchytraeidae; urban ecology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Has .i.Tilia x euchlora./i. a detrimental effect on soil annelids in urban greens?
The potential effect of the exotic linden .i.Tilia x euchlora./i., widely planted in urban greens, on soil-dwelling annelids (Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) was investigated in two parks in the city of ...
Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Háněl, Ladislav
2009 - English
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, linden, larch, pine, and spruce) and one type of spontaneous succession (willow-aspen-birch), each in four replicate sites, were surveyed in March 2005 and in April 2006. In total 174 species and 86 genera were distinguished, more species and genera were found in deciduous than in coniferous plantations. Cluster analyses showed different composition of nematode faunas in those plantations. Co-occurrence of closely related .i.Aporcelaimellus, Helicotylenchus./i. species could suggest their still existing niche overlap in a developing environment whereas niche partitioning probably established between species of the genera .i.Eudorylaimus./i. and .i.Paratylenchus./i..
Keywords:
Nematoda; fauna; niche overlap
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, ...
Vliv nádrže Orlík na kvalitu vody ve Slapské nádrži
Straškrábová, Viera
2009 - Czech
Přísun fosforu (P) do Slapské nádrže byl hodnocen v letech 1959 – 1960 a v letech 1963 – 1964. Po napuštění nádrže Orlíku se koncentrace P ve Slapech snížila a následně došlo ke snížení letního rozvoje fytoplanktonu, zvláště sinicového vodního květu. Dlouhodobě byly hodnoceny zimní koncentrace fosforu a následný sezónní rozvoj fytoplanktonu. V letech 1960 – 1992 zimní koncentrace P vzrůstaly (vliv zvýšení P v detergentech?), pak opět klesaly. Letní koncentrace chlorofylu se zvyšovaly do 2000, pak se postupně snižují (v důsledku meziroční variability zatím neprůkazné).
Keywords:
phosphorus; chlorophyll; cyanophyceae; long-term changes
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Vliv nádrže Orlík na kvalitu vody ve Slapské nádrži
Přísun fosforu (P) do Slapské nádrže byl hodnocen v letech 1959 – 1960 a v letech 1963 – 1964. Po napuštění nádrže Orlíku se koncentrace P ve Slapech snížila a následně došlo ke snížení letního ...
Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Lozan, Aurel; Spitzer, Karel; Jaroš, Josef
2009 - English
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple confirmation of the origin of the introduced parasitoid (morphology, DNA, ecology) suggests that these opportunistic parasitoids might be a serious danger to native isolated fauna. Such model relationships can be found in isolated paleorefugial habitats of the central European peat bogs, which are historical habitat islands of unique local taxa. A recent discovery of some opportunistic parasitoids attacking tyrphobiontic Lepidoptera in several isolated bogs of South Bohemia suggest these wasps might invade isolated habitats and cause serious population destruction of paleorefugial hosts.
Keywords:
oceanic and habitat islands; peat bogs; Lepidoptera
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple ...
Digestive enzymes in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : a short review
Šustr, Vladimír; Schlick-Steiner, B.C.; Steiner, F. M.
2009 - English
The literature data on the digestive enzymes present in different taxonomic groups of ants are reviewed and their patterns of occurrence across the various groups are tested. Data are available on 32 digestive enzymes from 62 ant species from 15 tribes belonging to seven subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae). Leaf-cutter ants (Myrmicinae, higher Attini) are the best-investigated group. Nearly all analysed enzymes were present in all the species investigated, irrespective of taxonomic group. The only significant difference across taxonomic groups concerns enzymes that attack plant structural polysaccharides (cellulases, pectinase, xylanase). These were more frequent in leaf-cutter ants than in other groups. To detect potential additional differences between groups differing in their feeding habits, more comprehensive qualitative data acquisition will be necessary.
Keywords:
bark; ciliates; decaying wood mass
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Digestive enzymes in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : a short review
The literature data on the digestive enzymes present in different taxonomic groups of ants are reviewed and their patterns of occurrence across the various groups are tested. Data are available on 32 ...
Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Jínová, Kristýna
2009 - English
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study was to describe the collembolan distribution among the horizons in the present beech and spruce forest soils and to find out which species were dominant in the individual soil layers. Ten soil samples (each of 10 cm.sup.2./sup., 15 cm deep) were collected in beech and spruce forest on the Kleť Mt. in December 2004. They were divided into 5 sub-samples: litter + 0-1 cm of soil; 1-2, 2-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm and extracted separately in high-gradient Tullgren apparatus. In total, 40 species were found at both sites (31 in the beech and 28 in the spruce forest). The highest number of species was found in the upper layer (litter layer + 0-1 cm) of soil, 84 % of species in the beech forest and 64 % in the spruce forest.
Keywords:
Collembola; vertical distribution; beech forest
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study ...
Seasonal development and vertical distribution of soil rotifer populations in South-Bohemian beech forest
Devetter, Miloslav
2009 - English
The soil rotifer community in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia was investigated during 2005 focusing on seasonal and vertical distribution changes. Samples 10 cm.sup.2./sup. large and 10 cm in depth were divided into 5 layers, which were processed separately. Altogether 31 rotifer species were determined during the investigation, of these 9 species were monogononts, while the rest were bdelloids. The most important species were .i.Encentrum arvicola, Wierzejskiella vagneri./i. among the monogononts and .i.Adineta steineri, Ceratotrocha cornigera, Habrotrocha filum, H. ligula, Macrotrachela plicata, Mniobia tentans, M. incrassata, M. granulosa./i. among the bdelloids. Mean Shannon diversity index varied from 1.99 to 2.63. Total rotifer abundance varied from 212 (± 63) to 513 (± 127) 10.sup.3./sup. ind. m.sup.-2./sup. year-round, with the highest numbers found in May, while the lowest were in July.
Keywords:
soil; rotifer community; bdelloids
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Seasonal development and vertical distribution of soil rotifer populations in South-Bohemian beech forest
The soil rotifer community in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia was investigated during 2005 focusing on seasonal and vertical distribution changes. Samples 10 cm.sup.2./sup. large and 10 cm in ...
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