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Summary of the Liquid-Gas Ejector Hydraulic Behavior - Theory and Practice
Gebouský, Ondřej; Haidl, Jan
2023 - English
Liquid-gas ejectors (LGEs) are fascinating devices that use the kinetic energy of the liquid jet to entrain and eventually compress the gas. LGEs find applications in both industry and everyday life, e.g., as sprayers. However, a complex and reliable method for LGE design was not available in the open literature until recently. This contribution follows up on our recent works about the hydraulic behavior of LGE with undisturbed and destabilized liquid jets. This paper aims to summarize the device’s complicated hydraulics and characterize its optimal design for three industrially relevant applications - (a) LGE as the vacuum pump, (b) LGE as the gas purification equipment, and (c) LGE as the gas distributor for bioreactors.
Keywords:
liquid-gas ejector; jet pump; design method
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Summary of the Liquid-Gas Ejector Hydraulic Behavior - Theory and Practice
Liquid-gas ejectors (LGEs) are fascinating devices that use the kinetic energy of the liquid jet to entrain and eventually compress the gas. LGEs find applications in both industry and everyday life, ...
Přístroje pro měření úhrnu srážek od historie po současnost
Lipina, P.; Procházka, J.; Tesař, Miroslav
2023 - Czech
Úhrn srážek patří mezi nejdůležitější meteorologické prvky. Má zásadní význam pro tvorbu klimatologických charakteristik, je základem vodní bilance a primárně sledovaným prvkem v předpovědní a výstražné službě. Měření srážek je dlouhodobě zatíženo mnoha nejistotami a je mu proto věnována soustavně náležitá pozornost. \nPrvní měření srážek v Evropě se datuje k 17. století. Pravidelná, ale neúplná, měření srážek na pražské klementinské hvězdárně byla zahájena v roce 1752 (nepřetržitá řada od roku 1804), v Brně to bylo v roce 1803. V roce 1817 M. A. David publikoval první německy psaný návod pro pozorování počasí v Čechách určený dobrovolným pozorovatelům. Zásadní vliv pro vznik meteorologických stanic a měření srážek měly aktivity institucí a různých spolků, například pražské Klementinum, Přírodozpytný spolek v Brně, Ústřední ústav pro meteorologii a zemský magnetismus a jiné. Hydrografická komise pro království české a její hydrometrická sekce byla pod vedením F. J. Studničky založena roku 1875, o významné rozšíření měření srážek se v té době zasloužil v rámci budování sítě lesnických srážkoměrných stanic E. Purkyně.\nJiž více než 200 let dochází k vývoji srážkoměrů a metodik měření srážek. V českých zemích dlouhodobě využívaný manuální srážkoměr Metra 886 byl vyvinut podle rakouského vzoru prof. Kostlivého. Od roku 1995 byla zahájena automatizace měření srážek nejprve klopnými srážkoměry, které jsou postupně nahrazovány srážkoměry váhovými. V odlehlých a lesnatých oblastech jsou testovány alternativní způsoby měření srážek. Tento příspěvek se snaží historii, standardy a vývoj v měření srážek u nás alespoň orientačně přiblížit. The precipitation amount is one of the most important meteorological elements. It is of fundamental importance for the creation of climatological characteristics, it is the basis of the water balance and the primarily monitored element in the forecasting and warning service. Precipitation measurement has been burdened with many uncertainties for a long time and is therefore consistently given due attention.\nThe first measurement of precipitation in Europe dates back to the 17th century. Regular but not complete measurements of precipitation at Prague's Klementine observatory began in 1752 (continuous series since 1804), in Brno in 1803. In 1817, M.A. David wrote the first guide for observing the weather in Bohemia, published in German, intended for volunteer observers. The activities of institutions and various associations, such as the Prague Klementinum, the Natural Research Society in Brno, the Central Institute for Meteorology and Earth Magnetism and others, had a fundamental influence on the establishment of meteorological stations and precipitation measurements. The Hydrographic Commission for the Kingdom of the Czech Republic and its hydrometric section were founded in 1875 under the leadership of F. J. Studnička E. Purkyně was responsible for the significant expansion of precipitation measurement at that time as part of the construction of a network of forest precipitation measuring stations. \nFor more than 200 years, rain gauges and precipitation measurements have been developed. The Metra 886 manual rain gauge, which has been used for a long time in the Czech lands, was developed according to the Austrian model of prof. Kostlivý. Since 1995, the automation of rainfall measurement was started, first with tipping bucket raingauges, which are gradually being replaced by weighing raingauges. Alternative methods of measuring precipitation are being tested in\nremote and forested areas. This post tries to bring the history, standards and development of precipitation measurement in our country at least as a guide.
Keywords:
rain gauge; measurement date; measurement history; meteorological station; guide for observers
Fulltext is available at external website.
Přístroje pro měření úhrnu srážek od historie po současnost
Úhrn srážek patří mezi nejdůležitější meteorologické prvky. Má zásadní význam pro tvorbu klimatologických charakteristik, je základem vodní bilance a primárně sledovaným prvkem v předpovědní a ...
Ambient organic aerosol origin at rural background site in the Czech Republic
Lhotka, Radek
2023 - English
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) are ubiquitous particles in the atmosphere that influence the Earth’s climatic system, environmental interactions, and human health. Among AA, great interest is dedicated to organic aerosols (OA) since it can represent from 20 to 90% of total submicron mass. Source apportionment of OA at background sites is one of the important tasks of current air quality protection.
Keywords:
organic aerosol; air quality protection; ural background site
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Ambient organic aerosol origin at rural background site in the Czech Republic
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) are ubiquitous particles in the atmosphere that influence the Earth’s climatic system, environmental interactions, and human health. Among AA, great interest is dedicated to ...
How can we best eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater?
Bourassi, Mahdi
2023 - English
Persistent pharmaceutical occurrence in different lakes and rivers usually originates from live stocks, agriculture, aquaculture, households, and hospitals. The presence of these compounds in the ecosystems leads to fatal consequences. Pharmaceuticals can threaten microorganisms in the environment, either causing its deterioration or allowing pathogens to gain resistance against antibiotics and medical treatments. These occurrences in the environment questions the ability of conventional treatment to remediate pharmaceutical wastewater.
Keywords:
wastewater; pharmaceuticals; membrane separation
Available in a digital repository NRGL
How can we best eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater?
Persistent pharmaceutical occurrence in different lakes and rivers usually originates from live stocks, agriculture, aquaculture, households, and hospitals. The presence of these compounds in the ...
Synthesis and cytotoxicity of fluorinated mannosamines
Krčil, Aleš
2023 - English
The aim of the project is to synthesise mono-, di- and trifluoroanalogs of N-acetylmannosamines. The cytotoxicity of the final products towards selected cancer cells will be determined. The key intermediates are the corresponding multiply fluorinated mannosazidethioglycosides prepared from deoxyfluorinated 1,6-anhydro-2-azidoβ-D-hexopyranose precursors by ring-opening reactions with phenyltrimethylsilyl sulfide.
Keywords:
synthesis; cytotoxicity; fluorinated mannosamines
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Synthesis and cytotoxicity of fluorinated mannosamines
The aim of the project is to synthesise mono-, di- and trifluoroanalogs of N-acetylmannosamines. The cytotoxicity of the final products towards selected cancer cells will be determined. The key ...
Chiral anion exchanger based on α-methylbenzylamine for enantioselective separation of racemic acids
Čížek, Jan
2023 - English
In this work, new enantioselective material based on α-methylbenzylamine as the chiral selector (recently utilized by our group in the preparation of chiral\nmembranes) covalently attached to Merrifield resin beads is proposed and discussed as a potentially cost-effective alternative to typically expensive stationary phase materials. It is shown that charged chiral methylbenzylamine works as an enantioselective anion exchanger potentially suitable for the separation of chiral acids, such as N–protected amino acid, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as ibuprofen. In a glass column chromatography experiment, racemic N–(tert–butoxycarbonyl) tryptophan was partially separated, reaching enantiomeric excess in eluates of around 10%.\n
Keywords:
chiral membranes; separation; racemic acids
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Chiral anion exchanger based on α-methylbenzylamine for enantioselective separation of racemic acids
In this work, new enantioselective material based on α-methylbenzylamine as the chiral selector (recently utilized by our group in the preparation of chiral\nmembranes) covalently attached to ...
Application of hydrodynamic cavitation in brewing
Štěrba, Jiří
2023 - English
The aim of this work is to apply these advantages in the brewery industry. In the field of beer brewing, we would like to investigate several phenomenona, such as the isomerization of bitter hop acids, the reduction of gluten concentration or the cell-walls breakdown.
Keywords:
brewery industry; hydrodynamic cavitation; experiments
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Application of hydrodynamic cavitation in brewing
The aim of this work is to apply these advantages in the brewery industry. In the field of beer brewing, we would like to investigate several phenomenona, such as the isomerization of bitter hop ...
Intercomparison of boundary layer and mixing layer height from models and ground-based measurements
Julaha, Kajal
2023 - English
In this study, we found that the boundary layer height tends to belower in ERA5 and timing for the daily peak also appears to differ\nas compared to ceilometer boundary layer data. In contrast, the ERA5 boundary layer observation was found to agree well with the mixing layer height obtained from the ceilometer. Whereas in comparison to HYSPLIT, GFS and GDAS, observations were found to agree well with ceilometer data while Reanalysis underestimated mixing layer height throughout the year. The seasonal changes in the boundary/mixing layer height were well captured by both models and the ceilometer.
Keywords:
planetary boundary layer; air pollution; measurements
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Intercomparison of boundary layer and mixing layer height from models and ground-based measurements
In this study, we found that the boundary layer height tends to belower in ERA5 and timing for the daily peak also appears to differ\nas compared to ceilometer boundary layer data. In contrast, the ...
INTRODUCTION TO PRAGUE AEROSOL CALIBRATION CENTER
Ondráček, Jakub; Roztočil, Petr
2023 - English
In general, the PACC offers a range of services, from calibration and consulting to methodology and technical development. Furthermore, the PACC has the capacity to organize and perform training for microphysical (including optical in the near future) aerosol in-situ instrumentation. The equipment at the PACC is fully in-line with the state of-the-art aerosol instrumentation (starting from various aerosol generators for welldefined nanoparticles, reference instruments, and newly designed calibration lines) and the laboratory space is flexible for various types of instrument calibration/verification/intercomparison or testing of newly developed, cutting-edge equipment.
Keywords:
calibration laboratory; ACTRIS; CPC
Available in a digital repository NRGL
INTRODUCTION TO PRAGUE AEROSOL CALIBRATION CENTER
In general, the PACC offers a range of services, from calibration and consulting to methodology and technical development. Furthermore, the PACC has the capacity to organize and perform training for ...
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Suchánková, Lenka; Bourrianne, E.; De Fillipi, R.; De Brito, J.F.; Riffault, V.; Prokeš, R.; Holoubek, I.; Ždímal, Vladimír; Crumeyrolle, S.
2023 - English
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol emissions can induce long-term global climate effects (Szopa et al., 2021). Thus, the measurement of aerosol properties is essential for better understanding of aerosol’s impact on health and climate. Although several international projects and platforms have been monitoring AA properties worldwide (GAW, WMO, ACTRIS, EMEP, EUCAARI, etc., Pandolfi et al., 2018), only PM10 or PM2.5 cutoff sizes have been used for measurements, and information about PM1 particles is missing. The aim of this study is to present aerosol scattering properties with supporting data of absorption and particle number size distribution in PM1 in years 2018-2022 at peri-urban atmospheric site Atmospheric Observations in LiLLE (ATOLL) in Lille, France. This study is the first to present results dedicated to aerosol scattering properties at this site.
Keywords:
scattering coefficient; nephelometer; fossil fuel and biomass burning contribution
Available in a digital repository NRGL
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol ...
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