Yes (541)
Used filters
(2)
Number of found documents:
541
Published from
to
Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Uncertainty Processing
Kratochvíl, Václav; Vejnarová, Jiřina
2018 - English
The Workshop on Uncertainty Processing, better known under its abbreviation WUPES, celebrates its 30-year anniversary this year. In 1988, when the first Workshop took place, Czechoslovakia was still a communist country and a part of the Soviet bloc. Since then, many things have changed. For example, Czechoslovakia no longer exists as a country (because in 1993 it was peacefully split into two independent countries - Czechia and Slovakia). From this perspective, it is hard to believe that we have several participants who have attended most workshops in the the thirty-year history of WUPES. As of now, the Program Committee has accepted, based on the extended abstracts, 21 papers to be presented at the Workshop, and 19 out of them are to be published in the present Conference Proceedings. These papers cover diverse topics, such as information processing, decision making, and data analysis, but what is common to most of them is that they are related to uncertainty calculus - Bayesian Networks, Dempster-Shafer Theory, Belief Functions, Probabilistic Logic, Game Theory, etc.
Keywords:
uncertainty processing; artificial intelligence; bayesian networks
Fulltext is available at external website.
Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Uncertainty Processing
The Workshop on Uncertainty Processing, better known under its abbreviation WUPES, celebrates its 30-year anniversary this year. In 1988, when the first Workshop took place, Czechoslovakia was still a ...
Internet věcí v praxi
Zajíček, Milan
2018 - Czech
Předpokladem práce s mikrokontrolery je pochopení základních principů jejich komunikace s okolím a možné způsoby jejich programování. Mikrokontroler ESP8266 je jedním z nejznámějších obvodů používaných v aplikacích pro internet věcí. Jednou z vývojových platforem, která se o ESP8266 opírá, je modulární systém Wemos D1 mini, který umožňuje přímou komunikaci s PC prostřednictvím USB portu a disponuje dostatkem vstupních a výstupních periférií pro stavbu jednoduchých IoT zařízení. Pro programování je použito vývojové prostředí ArduinoIde. Tento tutorial provede úplného začátečníka od instalace software až k sestavení termostatu pro spínání silové zátěže. Prerequisite of working with microcontrollers is understanding the basic principles of their communication with the environment and possible ways of their programming. The ESP8266 microcontroller is one of the most popular chips used in Internet of things applications. Wemos D1 mini is one of development platforms behind the ESP8266,which allows direct communication with the PC via a USB port and has plenty of input and output peripherals to build simple IoT devices. The ArduinoIde development environment is used for programming. The thermostatic switch is made as a result of this tutorial.
Keywords:
microcontrollers; Internet of things; ESP8266
Fulltext is available at external website.
Internet věcí v praxi
Předpokladem práce s mikrokontrolery je pochopení základních principů jejich komunikace s okolím a možné způsoby jejich programování. Mikrokontroler ESP8266 je jedním z nejznámějších obvodů ...
Multi-Objective Optimization Problems with Random Elements - Survey of Approaches
Kaňková, Vlasta
2018 - English
Many economic and financial situations depend simultaneously on a random element and a decision parameter. Mostly, it is possible to influence the above mentioned situation only by an optimization model depending on a probability measure. This optimization problem can be static (one-stage), dynamic with finite or infinite horizon, single-objective or multi-objective. We focus on one-stage multi-objective problems corresponding to applications those are suitable to evaluate simultaneously by a few objectives. The aim of the contribution is to give a survey of different approaches (as they are known from the literature) of the above mentioned applications. To this end we start with well-known mean-risk model and continue with other known approaches. Moreover, we try to complete every model by a suitable application. Except an analysis of a choice of the objective functions type we try to discuss suitable constraints set with respect to the problem base, possible investigation and relaxation. At the end we mention properties of the problem in the case when the theoretical „underlying“ probability measure is replaced by its „deterministic“ or „stochastic“ estimate.
Keywords:
multi-objective optimization problems; random element; mean-risk model; deterministic approach; stochastic multi-objective problems; constraints set; relaxation
Fulltext is available at external website.
Multi-Objective Optimization Problems with Random Elements - Survey of Approaches
Many economic and financial situations depend simultaneously on a random element and a decision parameter. Mostly, it is possible to influence the above mentioned situation only by an optimization ...
On attempts to characterize facet-defining inequalities of the cone of exact games
Studený, Milan; Kroupa, Tomáš; Kratochvíl, Václav
2018 - English
The sets of balanced, totally balanced, exact and supermodular games play an important role in cooperative game theory. These sets of games are known to be polyhedral cones. The (unique) non-redundant description of these cones by means of the so-called facet-defining inequalities is known in cases of balanced games and supermodular games, respectively. The facet description of the cones of exact games and totally balanced games are not known and we present conjectures about what are the facet-defining inequalities for these cones. We introduce the concept of an irreducible min-balanced set system and conjecture that the facet-defining inequalities for the cone of totally balanced games correspond to these set systems. The conjecture concerning exact games is that the facet-defining inequalities for this cone are those which correspond to irreducible min-balanced systems on strict subsets of the set of players and their conjugate inequalities. A consequence of the validity of the conjectures would be a novel result saying that a game m is exact if and only if m and its reflection are totally balanced.
Keywords:
exact game; extremity; irreducible; balanced
Fulltext is available at external website.
On attempts to characterize facet-defining inequalities of the cone of exact games
The sets of balanced, totally balanced, exact and supermodular games play an important role in cooperative game theory. These sets of games are known to be polyhedral cones. The (unique) non-redundant ...
Solution of Emission Management Problem
Šmíd, Martin; Kozmík, Václav
2018 - English
Optimal covering of emissions stemming from random production is a multistage stochastic programming problem. Solving it in a usual way - by means of deterministic equivalent - is possible only given an unrealistic approximation of random parameters. There exists an efficient way of solving multistage problems - stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP), however, it requires the inter-stage independence of random parameters, which is not the case which our problem. In the paper, we discuss a modified version of SDDP, allowing for some form of interstage dependence.
Keywords:
Multi-stage stochastic programming; Emission management; SDDP; time dependence
Fulltext is available at external website.
Solution of Emission Management Problem
Optimal covering of emissions stemming from random production is a multistage stochastic programming problem. Solving it in a usual way - by means of deterministic equivalent - is possible only given ...
Platební regulační mechanismus jako zdroj zvyšování platů ve zdravotnictví
Grim, Jiří
2018 - Czech
Princip zdravotního pojištění předpokládá, že se pacient v případě potřeby obrátí na lékaře, který mu poskytne odbornou pomoc, přičemž výkon lékaře, výdaje za léky a doplňující vyšetření proplácí zdravotní pojišťovna. Výsledkem je spontánní nárůst nákladů zdravotní péče u nás dobře známý z devadesátých let. Je zřejmé, že v systému, ve kterém o poskytnuté zdravotní péči musí rozhodovat lékaři v kontaktu s pacienty a její náklady následně hradí zdravotní pojišťovny, chybí záporná zpětná vazba, která by působila proti růstu nákladů. Důsledkem této hrubé systémové chyby je trvalý tlak na zvyšování výdajů za poskytnutou zdravotní péči a hrozící platební neschopnost nutí zdravotní pojišťovny zavádět regulační opatření k omezení růstu nákladů. The principle of health insurance presupposes that the patient will contact a doctor who will provide him / her with professional help, whereby the doctor, medical expenses and additional examinations are paid by the health insurance company. The result is a spontaneous increase in health care costs well-known in the nineties. It is clear that there is no negative feedback in the system where the healthcare provided must be made by doctors in contact with patients and its costs are being covered by health insurance companies. As a result of this gross systemic error, there is a continuing pressure to increase healthcare spending and imminent insolvency forces the health insurers to introduce regulatory measures to curb the cost increase.
Keywords:
Medical care; finance; regulation mechanismus
Fulltext is available at external website.
Platební regulační mechanismus jako zdroj zvyšování platů ve zdravotnictví
Princip zdravotního pojištění předpokládá, že se pacient v případě potřeby obrátí na lékaře, který mu poskytne odbornou pomoc, přičemž výkon lékaře, výdaje za léky a doplňující vyšetření proplácí ...
How to down-weight observations in robust regression: A metalearning study
Kalina, Jan; Pitra, Z.
2018 - English
Metalearning is becoming an increasingly important methodology for extracting knowledge from a data base of available training data sets to a new (independent) data set. The concept of metalearning is becoming popular in statistical learning and there is an increasing number of metalearning applications also in the analysis of economic data sets. Still, not much attention has been paid to its limitations and disadvantages. For this purpose, we use various linear regression estimators (including highly robust ones) over a set of 30 data sets with economic background and perform a metalearning study over them as well as over the same data sets after an artificial contamination.
Keywords:
metalearning; robust statistics; linear regression; outliers
Fulltext is available at external website.
How to down-weight observations in robust regression: A metalearning study
Metalearning is becoming an increasingly important methodology for extracting knowledge from a data base of available training data sets to a new (independent) data set. The concept of metalearning is ...
About Two Consonant Conflicts of Belief Functions
Daniel, M.; Kratochvíl, Václav
2018 - English
General belief functions usually bear some internal conflict which comes mainly from disjoint focal elements. Analogously, there is often some conflict between two (or more) belief functions. After the recent observation of hidden conflicts (seminar CJS’17 [17]), appearing at belief functions with disjoint focal elements, importance of interest in conflict of belief functions has increased. This theoretical contribution introduces a new approach to conflicts (of belief functions). Conflicts are considered independently of any combination rule and of any distance measure. Consonant conflicts are based on consonant approximations of belief functions in general; two special cases of the consonant approach based on consonant inverse pignistic and consonant inverse plausibility transforms are discussed. Basic properties of the newly defined conflicts are presented, analyzed and briefly compared with our original approaches to conflict (combinational conflict, plausibility conflict and comparative conflict), with the recent conflict based on non-conflicting parts, as well as with W. Liu’s degree of conflict.
Keywords:
belief function; conflict; consonant
Fulltext is available at external website.
About Two Consonant Conflicts of Belief Functions
General belief functions usually bear some internal conflict which comes mainly from disjoint focal elements. Analogously, there is often some conflict between two (or more) belief functions. After ...
Simulace možného výskytu horkých míst při únicích radioaktivity při neobvyklých\npovětrnostních epizodách
Pecha, Petr; Tichý, Ondřej
2018 - Czech
Analyzovány mimořádné úniky škodlivin při nízkých rychlostech větru až bezvětří (calmy) u lokalit vytypovanými v ČR jako potenciální hlubinná úložiště vyhořelého jaderného paliva. Kontinuální únik a současně i jeho časová dynamika jsou aproximovány sekvencí diskrétních 3-D Gaussovských obláčků. Scénář pokračuje po několika hodinách nástupem konvektivního proudění, kdy nehybná oblast s relativně vysokou kumulovanou radioaktivitou je rozfoukávána větrem. V simulačním běhu zavedeme spekulativní předpoklad, že ve 3. hodině navazující konvektivní fáze prší. Objeví výrazné horké místo deponovaného Cs137 na zemském povrchu až ve vzdálenosti desítky kilometrů od původního zdroje úniku. Simulation of accidental releases of radioactiity during calm meteorological situations in relations with planned nuclear spent fuel storages. Approximation of discrete Gaussian puffs is introduced. After some time the stationary calm field is assumed to be scattered by wind flow. In the 3dr hour of the wind-flow phase under rain commencement some surprised hot spots of CS137 on terrain have occurred in rather far distances from the source of discharges.
Keywords:
Nuclear; spent fuel; release; radiotoxicity
Fulltext is available at external website.
Simulace možného výskytu horkých míst při únicích radioaktivity při neobvyklých\npovětrnostních epizodách
Analyzovány mimořádné úniky škodlivin při nízkých rychlostech větru až bezvětří (calmy) u lokalit vytypovanými v ČR jako potenciální hlubinná úložiště vyhořelého jaderného paliva. Kontinuální únik a ...
Gradient Descent Parameter Learning of Bayesian Networks under Monotonicity Restrictions
Plajner, Martin; Vomlel, Jiří
2018 - English
Learning parameters of a probabilistic model is a necessary step in most machine learning modeling tasks. When the model is complex and data volume is small the learning process may fail to provide good results. In this paper we present a method to improve learning results for small data sets by using additional information about the modelled system. This additional information is represented by monotonicity conditions which are restrictions on parameters of the model. Monotonicity simplifies the learning process and also these conditions are often required by the user of the system to hold. \n\nIn this paper we present a generalization of the previously used algorithm for parameter learning of Bayesian Networks under monotonicity conditions. This generalization allows both parents and children in the network to have multiple states. The algorithm is described in detail as well as monotonicity conditions are.\n\nThe presented algorithm is tested on two different data sets. Models are trained on differently sized data subsamples with the proposed method and the general EM algorithm. Learned models are then compared by their ability to fit data. We present empirical results showing the benefit of monotonicity conditions. The difference is especially significant when working with small data samples. The proposed method outperforms the EM algorithm for small sets and provides comparable results for larger sets.
Keywords:
Bayesian networks; Learning model parameters; monotonicity condition
Fulltext is available at external website.
Gradient Descent Parameter Learning of Bayesian Networks under Monotonicity Restrictions
Learning parameters of a probabilistic model is a necessary step in most machine learning modeling tasks. When the model is complex and data volume is small the learning process may fail to provide ...
NRGL provides central access to information on grey literature produced in the Czech Republic in the fields of science, research and education. You can find more information about grey literature and NRGL at service web
Send your suggestions and comments to nusl@techlib.cz
Provider
Other bases