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The Geopolitics of Photography Exhibitions. Showcasing Soviet Photographers in Interwar Czechoslovakia
Parkmann, Fedora
2022 - anglický
This paper presents interwar exhibitions of photography as spaces of exchange, self-promotion, and competition for recognition in the heart of a global geopolitics of photography. Focusing on the participation of Soviet photographers at several large-scale international exhibitions organized in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s, it shows that both the Czech and Soviet organizers took advantage of exhibitions to serve their respective interests: The Soviet Union to strengthen its cultural diplomacy, and the Czech supporters of Soviet photography to popularize functional and committed photographic approaches among their fellow countrymen.
Klíčová slova:
exhibition; photography; USSR; Czechoslovakia
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
The Geopolitics of Photography Exhibitions. Showcasing Soviet Photographers in Interwar Czechoslovakia
This paper presents interwar exhibitions of photography as spaces of exchange, self-promotion, and competition for recognition in the heart of a global geopolitics of photography. Focusing on the ...
Who divorces whom: unilateral divorce legislation and the educational structure of marriage
Afunts, Geghetsik; Jurajda, Štěpán
2022 - anglický
There is evidence that the introduction of unilateral divorce legislation (UDL) starting in the late 1960s increased US divorce rates. We ask whether making divorce easier affected the educational structure of marriage. Based on marriage and divorce certificate data covering 1970-1988, we provide new evidence on the evolution of the educational structure of marriage inflows (newlyweds) and outflows (divorces), and estimate UDL difference-in-differences effects on both flows. While UDL did not contribute to rising homogamy (the tendency towards married partners having the same level of education), it did affect the educational structure of marriage: it made generally unstable hypogamous couples (women marrying less educated partners) less likely to divorce, and it made homogamous couples more stable than hypergamous ones (women marrying more educated partners).
Klíčová slova:
homogamy; unilateral divorce; marriage
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Who divorces whom: unilateral divorce legislation and the educational structure of marriage
There is evidence that the introduction of unilateral divorce legislation (UDL) starting in the late 1960s increased US divorce rates. We ask whether making divorce easier affected the educational ...
The Folk Song Cultural Heritage in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep, hep is not hop, hop
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2022 - anglický
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when they did not conform to the social conventions, aesthetics, ethical ideals, and patriotic goals of the time. When such songs were written down by collectors, their lyrics were often modified, some parts being omitted, others changed. This practice was followed from the early 19th century until the fall of the communist totalitarian regime in 1989. At present, these authentic folk song lyrics seem non-controversial by some performers, but many lyrics are far from it. One of the components of tradition is social memory, which is associated with cultural stereotypes—the generally fixed ideas that people have about themselves and members of different groups. These “Others” are usually members of a different ethnicity, religion, or social class. Their image in folklore involves certain ideas, ideological views, evaluative attitudes, and historical experience. Using the example of otherness, which in Czech folk songs is mainly associated with the negative image of members of the Jewish minority, the paper shows the possible results of misunderstanding the historical context: the anti-Semitic motifs of some older songs and dances resented in public may not be evident to those who perform them today.
Klíčová slova:
folklore; cultural stereotypes; cultural heritage; phenomenon of otherness; political correctness
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
The Folk Song Cultural Heritage in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep, hep is not hop, hop
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when ...
Inflation inequality in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit; Kurylo, Bohdana; Špeciánová, J.
2022 - anglický
This project employs Czech Household Budget Survey and Consumer Price Index data to create consumer price indices for various population subgroups in the Czech Republic. We find that subgroup-specific inflation rates are very similar to the inflation rate for all the non-elderly population, with the exception of single-parent households, which experienced a higher inflation rate in 2022 than did the other subgroups. However, the difference was reasonably modest. Importantly, we found that inflation issuing from housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels is significantly higher for low-income and single-parent households than for high-income and two-parent households. The difference is particularly significant for single-parent households, for which inflation due to increases in housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel costs represents 40.15 percent of their overall inflation burden compared to 28.44 percent for two-parent households. This finding suggests that the recent increases in electricity and gas prices may exert particularly harmful effects on single-parent households unless the government provides the support necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of rising prices. While all households are being affected by rising living costs, single-parent and low-income households should be prioritized in terms of support. In addition, we calculated that for low-income and single-parent households, the total loss of purchasing power due to inflation amounts to CZK 15,179 and CZK 20,445, respectively.
Klíčová slova:
inflation; households; Czech Republic
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Inflation inequality in the Czech Republic
This project employs Czech Household Budget Survey and Consumer Price Index data to create consumer price indices for various population subgroups in the Czech Republic. We find that subgroup-specific ...
Inattentive price discovery in ETFs
Kosar, Mariia; Mikhalishchev, Sergei
2022 - anglický
This paper studies the information choice of exchange-traded funds (ETF) investors, and its impact on the price efficiency of underlying stocks. First, we show that the learning of stock-specific information can occur at the ETF level. Our results suggest that ETF investors respond endogenously to changes in the fundamental value of underlying stocks, in line with the rational inattention theory. Second, we provide evidence that ETFs facilitate propagation of idiosyncratic shocks across its constituents.
Klíčová slova:
exchange-traded fund; ETF; price efficiency
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Inattentive price discovery in ETFs
This paper studies the information choice of exchange-traded funds (ETF) investors, and its impact on the price efficiency of underlying stocks. First, we show that the learning of stock-specific ...
Optimally biased expertise
Ilinov, Pavel; Matveenko, A.; Senkov, Maxim; Starkov, E.
2022 - anglický
This paper shows that the principal can strictly benefit from delegating a decision to an agent whose opinion differs from that of the principal. We consider a “delegated expertise” problem in which the agent has an advantage in information acquisition relative to the principal, as opposed to having preexisting private information. When the principal is ex ante predisposed towards some action, it is optimal for her to hire an agent who is predisposed towards the same action, but to a smaller extent, since such an agent would acquire more information, which outweighs the bias stemming from misalignment. We show that belief misalignment between an agent and a principal is a viable instrument in delegation, performing on par with contracting and communication in a class of problems.
Klíčová slova:
delegation; rational inattention; heterogeneous beliefs
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Optimally biased expertise
This paper shows that the principal can strictly benefit from delegating a decision to an agent whose opinion differs from that of the principal. We consider a “delegated expertise” problem in which ...
Consequences of inconvenient information: evidence from sentencing disparities
Šoltés, Michal
2022 - anglický
Inconvenient information about the performance of public institutions may undermine public trust. In an experiment, I test how information about sentencing disparities among judges in the Czech Republic affects respondents’ perception of the judicial system. I find no effect on respondents’ declared institutional trust and willingness to rely on the formal judicial system. Instead, the information marginally increased respondents’ policy involvement: They became more likely to: (i) sign a petition that invites politicians to address the underlying issue, and (ii) consider fairness of the judicial system a more important policy issue. The increased interest in the petition was driven by mothers, who are arguably more sensitive to the particular treatment information in the presented case of a failure to pay alimony.
Klíčová slova:
information disclosure; institutional trust; performance of public institutions
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Consequences of inconvenient information: evidence from sentencing disparities
Inconvenient information about the performance of public institutions may undermine public trust. In an experiment, I test how information about sentencing disparities among judges in the Czech ...
Compliance behavior under surveillance: introduction of the video assistant referee to European football
Trestcov, Ivan
2022 - anglický
This paper analyzes the effect of introducing the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) to European football. First, the setting allows for decomposition of the deterrence and monitoring effects in Becker’s (1968) model of crime. Second, I estimate the deterrence effect’s spillover outside the surveillance environment. Third, I find evidence of a much under-studied learning-by-punishment effect. This paper applies the difference-in-difference strategy to show that the introduction of VAR causes a significant decrease in the number of fouls in two German football leagues. VAR had an immediate impact on severe fouls, while the effect on penalty fouls is apparent after a 12 week adjustment period. Punishment intensifies the deterrence effect as punished players commit even fewer fouls than unpunished players. Moreover, the deterrence effect persists outside of the surveillance environment, i.e., there is a spillover effect on international competitions. I show that players from countries with VAR commit fewer fouls in international competitions than other players.
Klíčová slova:
Becker model; video assistant referee; deterrence
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Compliance behavior under surveillance: introduction of the video assistant referee to European football
This paper analyzes the effect of introducing the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) to European football. First, the setting allows for decomposition of the deterrence and monitoring effects in Becker’s ...
Identifying the materials in archaeological textiles
Březinová, Helena; Pechočiaková, M.; Grabmüllerová, J.
2022 - anglický
Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed textile technology study provides interesting and important information about the use of textile techniques and the quality of processing. The most important information concerns the utilised textile materials, but for degraded textiles, these materials are among the most difficult information to obtain. Image analysis using electron microscopy (SEM) is a significant aide in this pursuit.
Klíčová slova:
archaeological textiles; raw material; SEM; image analyses
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Identifying the materials in archaeological textiles
Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed ...
Europa Postmediaevalis 2022. Connections and networking. April 26-28, 2022
Matějková, K.; Blažková, Gabriela
2022 - anglický
The topic for the third EUROPA POSTMEDIAEVALIS 2022 conference was Connections and Networking. It was a hybrid conference. 34 contributions and 12 posters from 74 authors from 17 countries were presented.
Klíčová slova:
Early Modern Age; pottery; Europe; trade
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Europa Postmediaevalis 2022. Connections and networking. April 26-28, 2022
The topic for the third EUROPA POSTMEDIAEVALIS 2022 conference was Connections and Networking. It was a hybrid conference. 34 contributions and 12 posters from 74 authors from 17 countries were ...
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