Survey expectations, adaptive learning and inflation dynamics
Rychalovska, Y.; Slobodyan, Sergey; Wouters, R.
2024 - English The use of survey information on inflation expectations as an observable in a DSGE model can substantially refine identification of the shocks that drive inflation. Optimal integration of the survey information improves the model forecast for inflation and for other macroeconomic variables. Models with expectations based on an Adaptive Learning setup can exploit survey information more efficiently than their Rational Expectations counterparts. The resulting time-variation in the perceived inflation target, in inflation persistence, and in the sensitivity of inflation to various shocks provide a rich and consistent description of the joint dynamics of realized and expected inflation. Our framework produces a reasonable interpretation of the post-Covid inflation dynamics. Our learning model successfully identifies the more persistent nature of the recent inflation surge. Keywords: inflation; expectations; survey data Fulltext is available at external website. Survey expectations, adaptive learning and inflation dynamics

The use of survey information on inflation expectations as an observable in a DSGE model can substantially refine identification of the shocks that drive inflation. Optimal integration of the survey ...

Rychalovska, Y.; Slobodyan, Sergey; Wouters, R.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

The American origin of the French Revolution
Ottinger, Sebastian; Rosenberger, L.
2024 - English We show that the French combatants’ exposure to the United States increased support for the French Revolution a decade later. French regions from which more American combatants originated had more revolts against feudal institutions, revolutionary societies, volunteers for the revolutionary army, and emigrants from the Old Regime’s elite. To establish causality, we exploit two historical coincidences: i) originally, a French army of seven and a half thousand was ready to sail, but one-third did not, ii) among those deployed, only some regiments were stationed in New England. Only combatants exposed to New England affected the French Revolution after their return. Keywords: institutional change; French Revolution; American War of Independence Fulltext is available at external website. The American origin of the French Revolution

We show that the French combatants’ exposure to the United States increased support for the French Revolution a decade later. French regions from which more American combatants originated had more ...

Ottinger, Sebastian; Rosenberger, L.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Surfactant-free silver nanofluids as liquid systems with neuromorphic potential
Nikitin, D.; Biliak, K.; Lemke, J.; Protsak, M.; Pleskunov, P.; Tosca, M.; Ali-Ogly, S.; Červenková, V.; Adejube, B.; Bajtošová, L.; Černochová, Zulfiya; Prokeš, J.; Křivka, I.; Biederman, H.; Faupel, F.; Vahl, A.; Choukourov, A.
2024 - English Neuromorphic engineering is a rapidly developing branch of science that aims to implement the unique attributes of biological neural networks in artificial devices. Most neuromorphic devices are based on the resistive switching effect, which involves changing the device’s conductivity in response to an external electric field. For instance, percolating nanoparticle (NP) networks produced by gas aggregation cluster sources (GAS) show collective spiking behavior in conductivity reminiscent of brain-like dynamics. Nevertheless, the problem of dynamic spatial reconfiguration in solid-state neuromorphic systems remains unsolved. Herein, novel nanofluids with resistive switching properties are proposed as neuromorphic media. They are produced by depositing silver NPs from GAS into vacuum-compatible liquids (paraffin, silicon oil, and PEG) without the use of surfactants or other chemicals. When the electric field is applied between two electrodes, the migration of NPs toward biased electrode is detected in all liquids. The electrophoretic nature of the NP movement was proved by means of ζ-potential measurements. Such movement led to the self-assembly of NPs in conductive paths connecting the electrodes and, as a result, to resistive switching. The electrical response was strongly dependent on the dielectric constant of the base liquid. The Ag-PEG nanofluid demonstrated the best switching performance reproducible during several tens of current-voltage cycles. The growth of flexible and reconfigurable conductive filaments in nanofluids makes them suitable media for potential realization of 3D neural networks. Keywords: nanofluid; gas aggregation cluster source; ζ-potential, electrophoresis Available at various institutes of the ASCR Surfactant-free silver nanofluids as liquid systems with neuromorphic potential

Neuromorphic engineering is a rapidly developing branch of science that aims to implement the unique attributes of biological neural networks in artificial devices. Most neuromorphic devices are based ...

Nikitin, D.; Biliak, K.; Lemke, J.; Protsak, M.; Pleskunov, P.; Tosca, M.; Ali-Ogly, S.; Červenková, V.; Adejube, B.; Bajtošová, L.; Černochová, Zulfiya; Prokeš, J.; Křivka, I.; Biederman, H.; Faupel, F.; Vahl, A.; Choukourov, A.
Ústav makromolekulární chemie, 2024

Emerging Contaminants in Sewage Sludge: Analysis and Their Removal by Pyrolysis
Hušek, Matěj
2024 - English The study continues with flame retardants (e.g., phosphorus-based or brominated) present in sludge, which may pose a hazard to nature and human health3,4. There is a lack of information on their pyrolysis removal and occurrence in the sludge in the Czech Republic. Keywords: sewage sludge; pyrolysis; PFAS; flame retardants Available in a digital repository NRGL Emerging Contaminants in Sewage Sludge: Analysis and Their Removal by Pyrolysis

The study continues with flame retardants (e.g., phosphorus-based or brominated) present in sludge, which may pose a hazard to nature and human health3,4. There is a lack of information on their ...

Hušek, Matěj
Ústav chemických procesů, 2024

Cholinium Based Ionic Liquids: Influence of Water as a Co-solvent on Their Physico-chemical Properties and Preliminary Results for Dissolution of Biopolymers
Souvenir Zafindrajaona, Mahasoa-Salina
2024 - English Ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as promising alternative solvents in the field of natural substance extraction, offering significant advantages over traditional solvents. Since the last decade, we notice the increasing use of greener solvent alternatives such as Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) or ILs for the extraction of highly valuable compounds from natural sources such as lignocellulose. During this presentation, the influence of water on heat capacity, density, speed of sound and TGA will be discussed and the preliminary results for lignin dissolution willbe presented. Available in a digital repository NRGL Cholinium Based Ionic Liquids: Influence of Water as a Co-solvent on Their Physico-chemical Properties and Preliminary Results for Dissolution of Biopolymers

Ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as promising alternative solvents in the field of natural substance extraction, offering significant advantages over traditional solvents. Since the last decade, we ...

Souvenir Zafindrajaona, Mahasoa-Salina
Ústav chemických procesů, 2024

14th International Bordetella Symposium
Šebo, Peter
2024 - English We shall discuss the latest research achievements in the Bordatella/pertussis filed and how to tackle the challenge of current pertussis resurgence. We will assess what needs to be done to overcome the limitations of current acellular pertussis vaccines in order to curb the resurgence and transmission of whoopong cough. Keywords: bordetella; petrussis; vaccine Available in digital repository of the ASCR 14th International Bordetella Symposium

We shall discuss the latest research achievements in the Bordatella/pertussis filed and how to tackle the challenge of current pertussis resurgence. We will assess what needs to be done to overcome ...

Šebo, Peter
Mikrobiologický ústav, 2024

Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP
VÚBP
2024 - Czech Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP využívají digitální technologii ke shromažďování a analýze dat za účelem identifikace a hodnocení rizik na pracovišti. Keywords: digitalizace; digitální systémy; BOZP; bezpečnost práce; digitalisation; digital systems; OSH; occupational safety Available in a digital repository NRGL Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP

Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP využívají digitální technologii ke shromažďování a analýze dat za účelem identifikace a hodnocení rizik na pracovišti.

VÚBP
Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i., 2024

Automatizace pracovních úkolů
VÚBP
2024 - Czech Systémy založené na umělé inteligenci (AI) pro automatizaci kognitivních i fyzických úkolů vykazují slibné výsledky v různých odvětvích. Využívání umělé inteligence a robotiky k automatizaci nebezpečných nebo opakujících se úkolů na pracovišti v rámci ochrany pracovníků je tak v současnosti na vzestupu. Keywords: umělá inteligence; BOZP; automatizace; artificial intelligence; OSH; automation Available in a digital repository NRGL Automatizace pracovních úkolů

Systémy založené na umělé inteligenci (AI) pro automatizaci kognitivních i fyzických úkolů vykazují slibné výsledky v různých odvětvích. Využívání umělé inteligence a robotiky k automatizaci ...

VÚBP
Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i., 2024

Dopady covid-19 na kulturu
Bargel, Robert; Dedera, Milan; Gregoriniová, Jindřiška; Klementová, Kateřina; Perlín, Radim; et. al.
2024 - Czech Keywords: strategické řízení; kultura; veřejné služby; dopady COVID-19; metodika; krizová podpora; metodika; krizová podpora; strategic management; culture; public service; impacts COVID-19; methodology; crisis support Available in a digital repository NRGL Dopady covid-19 na kulturu

Bargel, Robert; Dedera, Milan; Gregoriniová, Jindřiška; Klementová, Kateřina; Perlín, Radim; et. al.
NIPOS, 2024

Metody úprav čistírenských kalů pro aplikaci v zemědělství s ohledem na mikropolutanty
Vítková, M.; Komárek, M.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Pohořelý, Michael; Moško, Jaroslav; Hušek, Matěj; Cajthaml, Tomáš; Grasserová, Alena; Čechmánková, J.; Vácha, R.; Zimová, M.
2024 - Czech Cílem předkládané metodiky je popsat možnosti úpravy čistírenských kalů kompostováním a pyrolýzou pro aplikaci v zemědělství, a to zejména s ohledem na tzv. mikropolutanty, ale i na konvenční polutanty, a posoudit rizika upravených kalů pro půdní prostředí a vstup (mikro)polutantů do pěstovaných plodin. Metodika vychází z výsledků laboratorních a terénních experimentů tříletého projektu a z kritického přístupu ke kalům jako potenciálně nebezpečnému odpadu na straně jedné a recyklovatelného zdroje živin na straně druhé. The aim of the methodology is to describe the possibilities of sewage sludge treatment by composting and pyrolysis for the application in agriculture, with particular respect to the so-called micropollutants, but also to conventional pollutants, and to assess the risks of treated sludge for the soil environment and the uptake of (micro)pollutants by cultivated crops. The methodology is based on the results from laboratory and field experiments of a three-year project and on a critical approach to sludge as a potentially hazardous waste on the one hand and a recyclable source of nutrients on the other. Keywords: pyrolysi; composting; emerging pollutants; soil; plant uptake; leaching Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR Metody úprav čistírenských kalů pro aplikaci v zemědělství s ohledem na mikropolutanty

Cílem předkládané metodiky je popsat možnosti úpravy čistírenských kalů kompostováním a pyrolýzou pro aplikaci v zemědělství, a to zejména s ohledem na tzv. mikropolutanty, ale i na konvenční ...

Vítková, M.; Komárek, M.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Pohořelý, Michael; Moško, Jaroslav; Hušek, Matěj; Cajthaml, Tomáš; Grasserová, Alena; Čechmánková, J.; Vácha, R.; Zimová, M.
Ústav chemických procesů, 2024