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Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths
Kashkarov, Daniil; Artemev, V.
2024 - English
Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive occupations goes through middle-skilled routine occupations, with the majority going through a subset of routine cognitive occupations. We then argue that the decline in employment in routine cognitive occupations due to routine-biased technological change can negatively affect the chances of younger cohorts joining high-skilled occupations. To test this hypothesis, we develop a structural occupational choice model that endogenously generates realistic career paths and estimate it using PSID data and job ad data from three major US outlets covering the period from 1940 to 2000. Our estimations suggest that, on average, 6% of workers ending up in non-routine cognitive occupations use routine cognitive occupations as stepping stones that allow them to maintain and accumulate human capital and experience relevant for later employment in high-skilled occupations. A fall in employment opportunities in routine cognitive occupations over the period of the most intensive routine-biased technological change led to at least 1.37 million lost high-skilled workers who got stuck in less skilled occupations.
Keywords:
routine-biased technological change; occupational choice; human capital
Fulltext is available at external website.
Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths
Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive ...
Digitální platformy a BOZP
Jana, Ranglová; Lenka, Scheu
2024 - Czech
Tato příručka se zaměřuje zejména na vztah platformové práce a zajištění bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci, popisuje psychosociální zátěž pracovníků a specifická rizika, která jsou s platformovou prací spojena, a to zejména s ohledem na algoritmický způsob řízení práce. Při zpracování autorky vycházely zejména z odborné literatury, dostupných studií a průzkumů na toto téma, právních předpisů, soudních rozhodnutí a koncepčních materiálů evropských a mezinárodních institucí. Na závěr jsou uvedeny jako příklady správné praxe možné preventivní přístupy k řešení problematiky platformové práce, a to ze strany digitálních platforem, státních orgánů a institucí v podobě legislativních a nelegislativních opatření, i samotných platformových pracovníků a jejich zástupců.
Keywords:
digitální platformy; digitalizace; BOZP; digital platforms; digitalization; HSE
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Digitální platformy a BOZP
Tato příručka se zaměřuje zejména na vztah platformové práce a zajištění bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci, popisuje psychosociální zátěž pracovníků a specifická rizika, která jsou s platformovou ...
Assessment of the Presence of Hazardous Components in Textile Waste
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
2024 - English
An up-flow percolation test was chosen to identify and characterize heavy metals and PFAS constituents in textile waste. Up-flow column percolation tests are used on a laboratory scale to assess the leaching behavior of a hazardous substance from a waste in a given state as a function of time. The test was performed according to the European Technical Standard CEN/TS 14405. Preliminary results showed the following heavy metals in the leachates Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and Sb, with Al, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn being predominant.
Keywords:
textile waste; percolation test; PFAS; heavy metals
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Assessment of the Presence of Hazardous Components in Textile Waste
An up-flow percolation test was chosen to identify and characterize heavy metals and PFAS constituents in textile waste. Up-flow column percolation tests are used on a laboratory scale to assess the ...
Drone Based Vertical Profiling of Black Carbon Aerosols at a Rural Background and an Urban Site in Central Europe
Julaha, Kajal
2024 - English
This research aims to assess the vertical distribution of BC aerosols using a drone and micro Aethalometer AE51 at two distinct sites in the Czech Republic: 1. NAOK (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice) representing a regional background, and 2. MFF (Faculty of Mathematics and Physics in Prague) representing an urban site. At NAOK, a 250-meter measurement tower is accessible, providing a means to validate and calibrate the drone measurements.
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Drone Based Vertical Profiling of Black Carbon Aerosols at a Rural Background and an Urban Site in Central Europe
This research aims to assess the vertical distribution of BC aerosols using a drone and micro Aethalometer AE51 at two distinct sites in the Czech Republic: 1. NAOK (National Atmospheric Observatory ...
Vertical Gradients of Atmospheric Aerosols Chemical Composition
Kovářík, Jiří
2024 - English
Concentration of chemical species chosen as markers for AA source apportionment are evaluated with regard to atmospheric conditions, seasonal and daily cycles and compared between the two heights. This work adds to the current state of general knowledge about AACC.
Keywords:
vertical gradients; chemical composition; atmospheric aerosols
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Vertical Gradients of Atmospheric Aerosols Chemical Composition
Concentration of chemical species chosen as markers for AA source apportionment are evaluated with regard to atmospheric conditions, seasonal and daily cycles and compared between the two heights. ...
Cultivation of Limnospira Maxima and Utilization of its Fresh Biomass in Human Nutrition
Vásquez, Claudia
2024 - English
This project aims to fill this gap by presenting new insights into its consumption as an alternative to dried spirulina and offering recommendations\nfor safe storage.
Keywords:
Limnospira maxima; dietary supplements; bioengineering
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Cultivation of Limnospira Maxima and Utilization of its Fresh Biomass in Human Nutrition
This project aims to fill this gap by presenting new insights into its consumption as an alternative to dried spirulina and offering recommendations\nfor safe storage.
Numerical evaluation of mass-diffusive compressible fluids flows models
Bodnár, Tomáš; Fraunié, P.
2024 - English
This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high resolution compact finite difference scheme with strong stability preserving RungeKutta time stepping. The two simple but challenging computational test cases are presented, based on the double-periodic shear layer and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The obtained time-dependent flow fields are showing pronounced shear and vorticity layers being resolved by the standard as well as by the new mass-diffusive modified models. The preliminary results show that the new models are viable alternative to the well established classical models.
Keywords:
compressible Navier-Stokes; nearly incompressible flow; mass diffusion; compact finite-difference
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Numerical evaluation of mass-diffusive compressible fluids flows models
This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high ...
Motion of fluids in the moving domain
Nečasová, Šárka
2024 - English
It is a survay paper where the problem of the existence of weak solutions of compressible barotropic solutions in a moving bounded domain is studied.
Keywords:
compressible fluid; moving domain; weak solutions
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Motion of fluids in the moving domain
It is a survay paper where the problem of the existence of weak solutions of compressible barotropic solutions in a moving bounded domain is studied.
Práce mimo pracoviště a hybridní práce
VÚBP
2024 - Czech
Zvýšená prevalence práce na dálku v důsledku pandemie covid-19 vedla ke zvýšenému zájmu o tuto formu organizace práce a její dopad na pohodu a zdraví zaměstnanců. Práci na dálku lze definovat jako jakýkoli typ uspořádání práce zahrnující používání osobních počítačů, chytrých telefonů, notebooků, softwarových balíčků a internetu k práci z domova nebo obecněji mimo pracoviště zaměstnavatele po většinu pracovní doby nebo její část.
Keywords:
hybridní práce; práce na dálku; home office; remote work; hybrid work; home office
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Práce mimo pracoviště a hybridní práce
Zvýšená prevalence práce na dálku v důsledku pandemie covid-19 vedla ke zvýšenému zájmu o tuto formu organizace práce a její dopad na pohodu a zdraví zaměstnanců. Práci na dálku lze definovat jako ...
Železniční cestovatel Eduard Bazika aneb Cestování s manželkou
Hlavačka, Milan
2024 - Czech
Ing. Eduard Bazika (1830–1914) nebyl profesionální poutník, ale poutník z profese. Jako absolvent pražské polytechniky se celý život specializoval na železniční stavitelství a jako inženýr nejdříve státních drah a od roku 1855 až do odchodu na odpočinek v roce 1891 soukromé Společnosti státní dráhy (StEG) celý život procestoval, respektive před výstavbou prochodil svěřené železnice v české a moravské krajině. I po odchodu na penzi pracoval pro Zemský výbor Království českého a jeho Železniční výbor a v této pozici opět pracovně putoval po všech koutech Čech, aby posuzoval rentabilitu budoucích místních drah. Jeho zvláštností bylo, že se vždy snažil skloubit své cestovní povinnosti s rodinným životem, což mělo za následek, že jeho žena a děti putovaly s ním po nejrůznějších štacích a železničních stavbách. Stranou neponechával ani dlouhodobější náročnější soukromé cesty s manželkou na světové výstavy a po historických památkách Itálie (v doprovodu Jiřího Stibrala) či k obhlídce nově dokončených alpských železnicích. Jako představitel sebevědomé české střední třídy, která už disponovala volným časem a finančními prostředky (a samozřejmě režijní jízdenkou) dovedl skloubit cestovatelskou povinnost s cestovatelskou vášní a putování vnímal jako nezbytnou součást aktivního životního stylu moderního člověka. Ing. Eduard Bazika (1830–1914) was not a professional pilgrim, but a pilgrim by profession. As a graduate of the Prague Polytechnic, he specialized in railway construction all his life and as an engineer, first of all for the State railways, and from 1855 until his retirement in 1891, he traveled all his life for the private State Railway Company (StEG), or rather, before construction, he traveled the entrusted railways in the Bohemian and Moravian landscape. Even after retiring, he worked for the Land Committee of the Kingdom of Bohemia and its Railway Committee, and in this position he once again traveled to all corners of Bohemia to assess the profitability of future local railways. A peculiarity of his was that he always tried to combine his traveling duties with his family life, which resulted in his wife and children traveling with him to various estates and railway constructions. He did not leave aside longer, more demanding private trips with his wife to world exhibitions and historical monuments in Italy (accompanied by Jiří Stibral) or to inspect the newly completed Alpine railways. As a representative of the self-confident Czech middle class, who already had free time and financial resources (and, of course, an overhead ticket), he was able to combine the obligation to travel with a passion for travel and perceived traveling as a necessary part of the active lifestyle of a modern person.
Keywords:
Ing Eduard Bazika; pilgrim by profession; railway
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Železniční cestovatel Eduard Bazika aneb Cestování s manželkou
Ing. Eduard Bazika (1830–1914) nebyl profesionální poutník, ale poutník z profese. Jako absolvent pražské polytechniky se celý život specializoval na železniční stavitelství a jako inženýr nejdříve ...
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