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Role klonální integrace v kompetici rostlin
Duchoslavová, Jana; Herben, Tomáš; Oborny, Beáta; Martínková, Jana
2024 - English
Clonal growth enables plant to replicate rooting units (i.e. ramets), adding another hierarchical level to plant modularity. Clonal growth is very common, at least in the temperate flora, and widespread over the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. Different clonal growth forms have specific sets of clonal traits that determine their performance in response to environmental conditions and under competition. Clonal integration is one of the important clonal traits and is associated with a number of other clonal functions. Integrated ramets can translocate resources and signals by connecting clonal organs, such as horizontal stems or roots. Such integration is particularly important for young developing ramets, but it may persist and help developed ramets cope with environmental heterogeneity. Clonal integration at both early and later stages of ramet development may be an important factor affecting plant competition and has been shown to promote expansion into vegetated areas in some species. However, competition is complex and differs aboveground and belowground. Translocation of carbon and nutrients under competition may differ accordingly, but very little is known about this. The costs and benefits of clonal integration have been predicted by theoretical models. However, there is considerable variability in the... Klonální růst umožňuje rostlinám replikovat kořenující jednotky (t.j. ramety), a přidává tak další hierarchickou úroveň k modularitě rostlinného těla. Klonální růst je velmi častý a vyskytuje se napříč celým fylogenetickým stromem krytosemenných rostlin. Jednotlivé formy klonálního růstu přinášejí rostlinám specifické sady klonálních vlastností, které určují jejich růst v různých podmínkách prostředí či v kompetici. Klonální integrace je jednou z důležitých klonálních vlastností související s řadou dalších funkcí klonality. Integrované ramety mohou translokovat zdroje a signální molekuly pomocí klonálních orgánů, jako jsou šlahouny, oddenky nebo kořeny. Integrace je zvláště důležitá pro mladé, vyvíjející se ramety, ale může přetrvat a vyrovnávat heterogenitu podmínek mezi vyvinutými rametami. Jak v raných, tak v pozdějších fázích vývoje může být klonální integrace důležitá v rostlinné kompetici. Experimentální studie ukázaly, že klonální integrace u některých druhů skutečně pomáhá jejich šíření do zápoje sousedních rostlin. Kompetice nad zemí a pod zemí se ale liší, což může mít vliv na translokaci uhlíku a živin. O tomto tématu se nicméně ví velmi málo. Výhody a nevýhody klonální integrace v různých podmínkách byly předpovídány pomocí teoretických modelů. Pozorované výhody klonální integrace se ale ukazují...
Keywords:
klonální rostliny; fyziologická integrace; živiny; dusík; uhlík; translokace živin; heterogenita prostředí; kompetice; stabilní izotopy; pulzní značení; šlahouny; oddenky; ramety; klonální růstová forma; clonal plants; physiological integration; nutrients; nitrogen; carbon; resource translocation; environmental heterogeneity; competition; stable isotopes; pulse labelling; stolons; rhizomes; ramets; clonal growth form
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Role klonální integrace v kompetici rostlin
Clonal growth enables plant to replicate rooting units (i.e. ramets), adding another hierarchical level to plant modularity. Clonal growth is very common, at least in the temperate flora, and ...
Termodynamika prostoročasu: korekce z kvantové oblasti
Liška, Marek; Alonso Serrano, Ana; Chirco, Goffredo; Barceló, Carlos
2024 - English
This thesis explores the deep relation between gravitational dynamics and thermodynamics. It focuses on the notion that the gravitational dynamics is encoded in the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions applied to locally constructed, observer-dependent causal horizons. At the level of the (semi)classical gravity, we show that this approach leads to Weyl transverse gravity. The classical solutions of this gravitational theory are the same as those of general relativity, but it has different local symmetries, which leads to a different origin of the cosmological constant. As a useful computational tool for the (semi)classical part of the thesis, we also develop covariant phase space formalism for Weyl transverse gravity and identify the corresponding Wald entropy. We also generalise the formalism to arbitrary gravitational theories with the same symmetry group. Moreover, we explore the implications of the equivalence between gravitational dynamics and local equilibrium conditions for the low energy quantum gravitational dynamics. At the linearised level, we find a result consistent with quadratic gravity. However, beyond the linearised regime the dynamics becomes significantly different from quadratic gravity. We derive the equations for gravitational dynamics that capture this difference and study their... Tato práce zkoumá hluboký vztah mezi gravitací a termodynamikou. Zaměřuje se na představu, že gravitační dynamika je zakódována v podmínkách termodynamické rovnováhy aplikovaných na lokálně konstruované, na pozorovateli závislé kauzální horizonty. Na úrovni (semi)klasické gravitace jsme ukázali, že tento přístup vede k Weylově transversální gravitaci. Klasická řešení této gravitační teorie jsou stejná jako řešení obecné relativity, ale Weylova transversální gravitace má jiné lokální symetrie, což vede k jinému původu kosmologické konstanty. Jako užitečný výpočetní nástroj pro (semi)klasickou část práce jsme také vyvinuli kovariantní formalismus fázového prostoru pro Weylovu transversální gravitaci a identifikujeme odpovídající Waldovu entropii. Tento formalismus jsme také zobecnili na libovolné teorie gravitace se stejnou grupou symetrie. Navíc jsme zkoumali důsledky ekvivalence mezi gravitací a podmínkami lokální rovnováhy pro kvantovou gravitační dynamiku při nízkých energiích. Na linearizované úrovni jsme získali výsledek odpovídající kvadratické gravitaci. Mimo linearizovaný režim se však dynamika od kvadratické gravitace výrazně liší. Odvodili jsme rovnice pro gravitační dynamiku, které tento rozdíl zachycují, a prozkoumali jejich fyzikální důsledky na příkladu homogenních, izotropních kosmologií....
Keywords:
termodynamika prostoročasu; kvantově gravitační korekce; gravitační entropie; rozlišení singularit; thermodynamics of spacetime; quantum gravity corrections; gravitational entropy; singularity resolution
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Termodynamika prostoročasu: korekce z kvantové oblasti
This thesis explores the deep relation between gravitational dynamics and thermodynamics. It focuses on the notion that the gravitational dynamics is encoded in the thermodynamic equilibrium ...
Eseje o třenicích ve finančních rozhodnutích
Šterc, Ante; Slavík, Ctirad; Rozsypal, Filip; Šustek, Roman
2024 - English
This disserta琀椀on analyzes individual 昀椀nancial decisions and their implica琀椀ons for wealth heterogeneity. In Chapter 1, I build a structural framework of a discrete investment fund choice. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) data, I show that households exhibit limited considera琀椀on when choosing an investment fund. Speci昀椀cally, the structural model es琀椀mates show that households make their fund choice based only on a subset of available op琀椀ons. Condi琀椀onal on wealth, monetary losses from limited considera琀椀on are higher for less 昀椀nancially literate households, sugges琀椀ve of their choice simpli昀椀ca琀椀on. In Chapter 2, we focus on household mortgage take-up and re昀椀nancing decisions. Our novel U.S. data es琀椀mates show that the varia琀椀on in mortgage rates depends on individual 昀椀nancial skill level and search e昀昀ort. Speci昀椀cally, we implement stochas琀椀c record linkage and 昀椀nd that households with low 昀椀nancial literacy are up to 4% less likely to consider more lenders and lock in at 15-20 b.p. higher rates. Upon origina琀椀on, unskilled borrowers face a 35-45% higher mortgage delinquency and end up with a 30% lower likelihood of re昀椀nancing. We proceed to quan琀椀fy monetary losses due to ine昀昀ec琀椀ve search, and we show that households with low 昀椀nancial skills pay more than 10% extra at the 琀椀me of... Tato disertační práce analyzuje individuální 昀椀nanční rozhodování a jejich důsledky pro heterogenitu v bohatství. V kapitole 1 vytvářím strukturální rámec diskrétní volby inves琀椀čního fondu. Na základě údajů z Průzkumu spotřebitelských 昀椀nancí (Survey of Consumer Finances, SCF) ukazuji, že domácnos琀椀 zvažují výběr inves琀椀čního fondu omezeně. Odhady strukturálního modelu konkrétně ukazují, že domácnos琀椀 se při výběru fondu rozhodují pouze na základě podmnožiny dostupných možnos琀. V závislos琀椀 na bohatství jsou peněžní ztráty z omezeného zvažování vyšší u méně 昀椀nančně gramotných domácnos琀, což naznačuje, že jejich volba je zjednodušená. V kapitole 2 se zaměřujeme na rozhodování domácnos琀 o čerpání hypoték a re昀椀nancování. Naše nové odhady na amerických datech ukazují, že rozdíly v hypotečních sazbách závisí na úrovni 昀椀nančních dovednos琀 a úsilí jednotlivců při hledání. Konkrétně implementujeme stochas琀椀cké propojení záznamů a zjišeujeme, že domácnos琀椀 s nízkou 昀椀nanční gramotnos琀 mají až o 4% nižší pravděpodobnost, že budou zvažovat více věřitelů a za昀椀xují se na sazbách vyšších o 15-20 bazických bodů. Po poskytnu琀 hypotéky se nekvali昀椀kovaní dlužníci potýkají s o 35-45% vyšší delikvencí a nakonec mají o 30% nižší pravděpodobnost re昀椀nancování. Pokračujeme v kvan琀椀昀椀kaci peněžních ztrát způsobených...
Keywords:
výběr investičního fondu; omezené zohlednění; finanční gramotnost; refinancování hypotéky; hledání hypotečního úvěru; fiskální multiplikátory; heterogenita bohatství; investment fund choice; limited consideration; financial literacy; mortgage refinancing; mortgage search; fiscal multipliers; wealth heterogeneity
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Eseje o třenicích ve finančních rozhodnutích
This disserta琀椀on analyzes individual 昀椀nancial decisions and their implica琀椀ons for wealth heterogeneity. In Chapter 1, I build a structural framework of a discrete investment fund choice. Using the ...
Thin Nanostructured Film with Bioapplication Potential
KUMAR, Sanjay
2024 - English
The Ph.D. thesis aims to investigate, develop, and fabricate advanced nanostructured surfaces for (bio)sensors and detection applications. The primary outcome of the research is the development of a functional sensor transducer for the detection of specific anti-DbpA antibodies, typically produced by a living organism in response to Lyme disease infection, as well as for detecting live Borreliosis pathogens. The developed sensor is based on AgNPs/C:H:N:O plasma polymer nanocomposites. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles, generated by a gas aggregation source, are incorporated into a C:H:N:O plasma polymer matrix, which is deposited by magnetron sputtering of nylon 6.6. The surface of the AgNPs/C:H:N:O nanocomposite is functionalized with amino-rich -NH2 grafts and specific antibodies to achieve high specificity in detection. Anchored Ag nanoparticles propagate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), optically responding to changes caused by immobilized targets near the nanoparticles. The sensitivity of the sensor transducer is enhanced by incorporating Cu nanoparticles, which contribute to Cu-Ag coupling modes responsible for the modulation of the LSPR bands. The achieved results pave the way for rapid, low-cost, sensitive platforms for detecting not only the antibodies/pathogens studied here but also potentially other targets. The Ph.D. thesis aims to investigate, develop, and fabricate advanced nanostructured surfaces for (bio)sensors and detection applications. The primary outcome of the research is the development of a functional sensor transducer for the detection of specific anti-DbpA antibodies, typically produced by a living organism in response to Lyme disease infection, as well as for detecting live Borreliosis pathogens. The developed sensor is based on AgNPs/C:H:N:O plasma polymer nanocomposites. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles, generated by a gas aggregation source, are incorporated into a C:H:N:O plasma polymer matrix, which is deposited by magnetron sputtering of nylon 6.6. The surface of the AgNPs/C:H:N:O nanocomposite is functionalized with amino-rich -NH2 grafts and specific antibodies to achieve high specificity in detection. Anchored Ag nanoparticles propagate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), optically responding to changes caused by immobilized targets near the nanoparticles. The sensitivity of the sensor transducer is enhanced by incorporating Cu nanoparticles, which contribute to Cu-Ag coupling modes responsible for the modulation of the LSPR bands. The achieved results pave the way for rapid, low-cost, sensitive platforms for detecting not only the antibodies/pathogens studied here but also potentially other targets.
Keywords:
plasma polymer; plasma polymerization; C:H:N:O thin film; nylon; nanoparticles (Ag; Cu); nanostructures; nanocomposite; surface functionalization; magnetron sputtering; annealing; adhesion; immobilization; sensors; antibacterial; Lyme disease; Borrelia; plasmonic absorption; localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR); plasma-assisted deposition; enhanced detection
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Thin Nanostructured Film with Bioapplication Potential
The Ph.D. thesis aims to investigate, develop, and fabricate advanced nanostructured surfaces for (bio)sensors and detection applications. The primary outcome of the research is the development of a ...
Population genomics of parasite adaptation: New insights into diversification and speciation of parasites
NAZARIZADEH DEHKORDI, Masoud
2024 - English
This thesis investigates the ecological and genetic dynamics of parasitic species, primarily focusing on Ligula intestinalis tapeworms and Cimex bedbugs, aiming to enhance our understanding of their evolutionary biology, genetics, and adaptation mechanisms. In Chapter I, it elucidates the prevalence and population genetic structure of L. intestinalis plerocercoids in various cyprinoid fish species across Czech water bodies, focusing on how different hosts and environments influence genetic diversity and distribution. Chapter II explores the historical dispersal and host-switching events that have shaped the evolutionary history of the L. intestinalis species complex on a global scale. This includes identifying major evolutionary lineages, their host specificity, and the influence of biogeographic and demographic events on lineage diversity. Chapter III provides a highly contiguous genome assembly for L. intestinalis and examines RNA transcription patterns to understand the regulation of biological functions during its life cycle, establishing a comprehensive reference transcriptome for both plerocercoid and adult stages. Chapter IV explores the mechanisms underlying possible ecological speciation in L. intestinalis, particularly under a sympatric setting, to determine whether host specificity influences population structure in the absence of geographical separation. Chapter V shifts focus to the establishment of the tropical bedbug, Cimex hemipterus, in Central Europe, using genetic analyses to reveal limited mtDNA variability and the presence of pyrethroid resistance mutations. Finally, Chapter VI investigates genetic and transcriptomic divergence in C. lectularius populations associated with human and bat hosts, exploring how host switching influences genetic diversity and adaptation. This genomic and transcriptomic approach provides valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics and adaptive strategies of parasitic species.
Keywords:
Population genomics; Phylogeography; Historical biogeography; Ligula intestinalis; bedbugs
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Population genomics of parasite adaptation: New insights into diversification and speciation of parasites
This thesis investigates the ecological and genetic dynamics of parasitic species, primarily focusing on Ligula intestinalis tapeworms and Cimex bedbugs, aiming to enhance our understanding of their ...
Eseje o Rozvojové Ekonomii
Sargsyan, Ella; Mittag, Nikolas Karl; Poyker, Michael; Fiorin, Stefano
2024 - English
This dissertation investigates effective household coping strategies during profound economic shocks, as well as the impact of violent conflicts and natural disasters on parents' child gender preferences in developing countries. In light of rising concerns about food insecurity caused by a variety of crises, the first chapter investigates effective coping strategies households can employ to mitigate the lasting impacts of income shocks and associated nutrition deficits. We uncover a previously unexplored coping mechanism - home production - and establish the extent of its effectiveness in mitigating the negative effects of crises on child health. To do so, we focus on the transition period after the collapse of the Soviet Union and investigate the role of household production of potatoes. Specifically, utilizing individual-level data from Russia, Kazakhstan, and other post-Soviet countries and exploiting the variation in the soil suitability index, we establish that households that grew potatoes on land more suitable for their cultivation were able to reduce the negative effects of transition shock on the health of their children as measured by adult height and height-for-age z-score. Our findings suggest that targeted nutritional interventions are needed to mitigate long-term adverse health... Tato disertační práce zkoumá účinné strategie domácností pro zvládání hlubokých ekonomických šoků a dopad násilných konfliktů a přírodních katastrof na genderové pref- erence rodičů v rozvojových zemích. Ve světle rostoucích obav z nedostatku potravin způsobeného různými krizemi zkoumá první kapitola účinné strategie zvládání, které mohou domácnosti využít ke zmírnění tr- valých dopadů příjmových šoků a souvisejícího nutričního deficitu. Odhalujeme dosud neprozkoumaný mechanismus zvládání - domácí výrobu - a zjišťujeme míru jeho účinnosti při zmírňování negativních dopadů krizí na zdraví dětí. Za tímto účelem se zaměřujeme na tranziční období po rozpadu Sovětského svazu a zkoumáme roli domácí produkce brambor. Konkrétně s využitím údajů na individuální úrovni z Ruska, Kazachstánu a dalších postsovětských zemí a s využitím variability indexu vhodnosti půdy zjišťujeme, že domácnosti, které pěstovaly brambory na půdě vhodnější pro jejich pěstování, dokázaly snížit negativní dopady transformačního šoku na zdraví svých dětí, měřeno výškou v dospělosti a z-skóre výšky na věk. Naše zjištění naznačují, že ke zmírnění dlouhodobých nepřiznivých...
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Eseje o Rozvojové Ekonomii
This dissertation investigates effective household coping strategies during profound economic shocks, as well as the impact of violent conflicts and natural disasters on parents' child gender ...
Tuning carotenoid photophysics by changes in structure and local environment
ÖZCAN, Emrah
2024 - English
This thesis investigates the complex dynamics of excited states in carotenoids, focusing on the origins and properties of certain dark states and how they are affected by external disturbances such as metal interactions, pH changes, applied voltage, and chemical modifications. Paper I demonstrates the creation of stable astaxanthin-metal complexes and their altered excited-state dynamics, revealing shortened lifetimes and enhanced ICT bands due to metal-ion interactions. Paper II explores the effect of external voltage on 8-apo--carotenal, showing that applied voltage can control the ICT state amplitude and extend its lifetime. Paper III examines pH-dependent effects on crocin, finding significant pH-induced shifts and stabilization at basic pH levels. Paper IV presents the synthesis and analysis of bis-phenylhydrazone astaxanthin, highlighting its modified excited-state dynamics and the potential for organic modification to study new effects. These findings enhance our understanding of carotenoid excited states and suggest new research approaches. This thesis investigates the complex dynamics of excited states in carotenoids, focusing on the origins and properties of certain dark states and how they are affected by external disturbances such as metal interactions, pH changes, applied voltage, and chemical modifications. Paper I demonstrates the creation of stable astaxanthin-metal complexes and their altered excited-state dynamics, revealing shortened lifetimes and enhanced ICT bands due to metal-ion interactions. Paper II explores the effect of external voltage on 8-apo--carotenal, showing that applied voltage can control the ICT state amplitude and extend its lifetime. Paper III examines pH-dependent effects on crocin, finding significant pH-induced shifts and stabilization at basic pH levels. Paper IV presents the synthesis and analysis of bis-phenylhydrazone astaxanthin, highlighting its modified excited-state dynamics and the potential for organic modification to study new effects. These findings enhance our understanding of carotenoid excited states and suggest new research approaches.
Keywords:
Carotenoids; Metal complexes; Ultrafast spectroscopy; Charge transfer state; Cyclic voltammetry; 8'-apo--carotenal; Spectroelectrochemistry; Crocin; pH-dependence.
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Tuning carotenoid photophysics by changes in structure and local environment
This thesis investigates the complex dynamics of excited states in carotenoids, focusing on the origins and properties of certain dark states and how they are affected by external disturbances such as ...
Consumptive and non-consumptive effect of predators and food quality on arthropod herbivores
KOLLROSS, Jan
2024 - English
Top-down and bottom-up controls are crucial mechanisms that shape ecosystems and biodiversity. In this thesis, I investigate both bottom-up and top-down forces, their interplay and specific effects on arthropod communities, herbivores, and their behaviour across vertical forest gradients. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter explores the top-down regulation of arthropods and the resulting herbivore damage across a vertical forest gradient in a Japanese temperate forest, focusing on the effect of three groups of insectivorous predators. In my second chapter, I attempt to compare the relative impact of bottom-up and top-down control. I studied their relative effects on arthropods and herbivore damage by manipulating nutrient availability and access of predators to trees in a temperate forest in the Czech Republic. In my third chapter, I focused on one of the most important insect orders, the Coleoptera. I investigated the Coleoptera communities and the influence of predators on them along the vertical forest gradient in two different temperate sites: in Japan and Germany. Finally, I examined the nonlethal effect of predators on herbivore prey, testing the effect of bird presence on locust behavior and their stress hormone levels. Overall, my thesis examines the complexity of tri-trophic interactions between plants, herbivorous arthropods, and their insectivorous predators. It highlights the importance of nutrient availability, and the access of insectivorous predators to plants, for the functioning and result of multi-trophic interactions. It also discusses lethal as well as nonlethal effects separately. Top-down and bottom-up controls are crucial mechanisms that shape ecosystems and biodiversity. In this thesis, I investigate both bottom-up and top-down forces, their interplay and specific effects on arthropod communities, herbivores, and their behaviour across vertical forest gradients. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter explores the top-down regulation of arthropods and the resulting herbivore damage across a vertical forest gradient in a Japanese temperate forest, focusing on the effect of three groups of insectivorous predators. In my second chapter, I attempt to compare the relative impact of bottom-up and top-down control. I studied their relative effects on arthropods and herbivore damage by manipulating nutrient availability and access of predators to trees in a temperate forest in the Czech Republic. In my third chapter, I focused on one of the most important insect orders, the Coleoptera. I investigated the Coleoptera communities and the influence of predators on them along the vertical forest gradient in two different temperate sites: in Japan and Germany. Finally, I examined the nonlethal effect of predators on herbivore prey, testing the effect of bird presence on locust behavior and their stress hormone levels. Overall, my thesis examines the complexity of tri-trophic interactions between plants, herbivorous arthropods, and their insectivorous predators. It highlights the importance of nutrient availability, and the access of insectivorous predators to plants, for the functioning and result of multi-trophic interactions. It also discusses lethal as well as nonlethal effects separately.
Keywords:
Bottom-up control; top-down control; arthropod communities; herbivory; vertical forest gradient; nutrient availability; predator presence; trophic cascades; ecosystem dynamics; nonlethal predator effects; Coleoptera; temperate forests
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Consumptive and non-consumptive effect of predators and food quality on arthropod herbivores
Top-down and bottom-up controls are crucial mechanisms that shape ecosystems and biodiversity. In this thesis, I investigate both bottom-up and top-down forces, their interplay and specific effects on ...
Chování a složitost v hospodaření domácností
Cota, Marta; Kapička, Marek; Schlafmann, Kathrin; Mazzonna, Fabrizio
2024 - English
This thesis explores mechanisms underlying differences in financial decision-making, includ- ing retirement saving and mortgage choice. Chapter 1 investigates the long-term effect of extrapolative expectations on retirement savings in subsidized employer-matched 401(k) ac- counts in the U.S. The chapter introduces a deviation from rational expectations in reproduc- ing worker-level retirement contribution rates over their tenure. Chapter 2 generates a novel U.S. data set and examines the correlation between financial literacy, mortgage rate attain- ment, and refinancing. Empirical estimates motivate the introduction of financial literacy and the level of search effort as dimensions of heterogeneity that generate differences in mort- gage repayments. I find that losses from low financial skill levels and search effort amount to almost 10 percent of the total loan, implying significant effects on the budgets of financially unskilled and inexperienced U.S. households. Chapter 3 leverages these empirical findings and embeds a micro-founded mortgage search framework in a standard heterogeneous agent model of consumption and saving. Financially skilled agents face lower cognitive search costs and thus explore more options, and ultimately achieve lower mortgage rates. Conditional on assets and... Tato práce zkoumá mechanismy, které jsou základem rozdílů ve finančním rozhodování, včetně spoření na důchod a výběru hypotéky. Kapitola 1 zkoumá dlouhodobý efekt extrapola- tivních očekávání na důchodové spoření v dotovaných zaměstnavatelských penzijních fondech 401(k) ve Spojených státech. Kapitola představuje odchylku od racionálních očekávání při reprodukci míry příspěvků na penzi na úrovni pracovníků v průběhu jejich zaměstnání. Kapitola 2 vytváří nový soubor dat z USA a zkoumá korelaci mezi finanční gramotností, dosažením hypoteční sazby a refinancováním. Empirické odhady motivují zavedení finanční gramotnosti a úrovně úsilí při vyhledávání jako dimenzí heterogenity, které vytvářejí rozdíly ve splácení hypoték. Zjišťuji, že ztráty z nízké úrovně finančních dovedností a úsilí při vyhledávání dosahují téměř 10% celkového úvěru, což znamená významný vliv na rozpočty finančně nekvalifikovaných a nezkušených amerických domácností. Kapitola 3 využívá těchto empirických zjištění a začleňuje rámec pro vyhledávání hypoték na mikroúrovni do standard- ního modelu spotřeby a úspor heterogenních agentů. Finančně zdatní agenti čelí nižším kog- nitivním nákladům na vyhledávání, a proto zkoumají více možností a v konečném důsledku dosahují nižších hypotečních sazeb. V závislosti na majetku a produktivitě se...
Keywords:
očekávání příjmu; nezlikvidovatelné úspory; příspěvek na penzi; výběr hypotéky; finanční dovednosti; finanční vzdělání; nerovnost v spotřebě a úsporách; income expectations; illiquid savings; retirement contribution; mortgage choice; financial skills; financial education; consumption and saving inequality
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Chování a složitost v hospodaření domácností
This thesis explores mechanisms underlying differences in financial decision-making, includ- ing retirement saving and mortgage choice. Chapter 1 investigates the long-term effect of extrapolative ...
Impact of water deficit stress on leaf quality, predator and herbivore communities in Ficuses
XIAO, Xue
2024 - English
This thesis addresses the mechanism by which drought affects tropical plant-insect interactions via leaf traits, focusing on Ficus species. I discovered that both drought intensity and duration indirectly influenced the leaf palatability of Ficus through changes in leaf mechanical traits such as leaf water content and specific leaf area. Furthermore, my research revealed that drought increased leaf herbivory by altering leaf latex outflow, without affecting insect communities. Additionally, I observed that drought enhanced Ficus indirect defense through changes in herbivore-induced plant volatiles. My findings suggest that the impact of drought on Ficus-insect interactions may vary between greenhouse and tropical rainforest environments and may be species-specific. This work underscores the importance and urgency of researching tropical plant-insect interactions under climate change.
Keywords:
drought; herbivores; leaf mechanical traits; leaf secondary metabolites; leaf volatile; predators; tropical ecosystem
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Impact of water deficit stress on leaf quality, predator and herbivore communities in Ficuses
This thesis addresses the mechanism by which drought affects tropical plant-insect interactions via leaf traits, focusing on Ficus species. I discovered that both drought intensity and duration ...
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