Ne (353)
Ano (268)
Počet nalezených dokumentů:
621
Publikováno od
do
Quality Standards: Expert and Stakeholder Consultation
Dvořáčková, Jana; Slezáková, Katarína; Cacace, M.
2019 - anglický
The text was created in the framework of the Gender Equality Academy project which aims to develop and implement a capacity-building programme on gender equality in research, innovation and higher education. It focuses on quality standards for training concepts and materials, and for trainers’ profiles and presents an overview of the results of expert and stakeholder consultation aimed at refining the set of standards identified and selected as part of the project.
Klíčová slova:
Higher education; human resources development; gender
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Quality Standards: Expert and Stakeholder Consultation
The text was created in the framework of the Gender Equality Academy project which aims to develop and implement a capacity-building programme on gender equality in research, innovation and higher ...
A human capital theory of structural transformation
Gillman, Max
2019 - anglický
The paper presents a human capital based theory of the sectoral transformation along the balanced growth path equilibrium. Allowing a small upward trend in the productivity of the human capital sector, combined with differential human capital intensity and constant productivity across sectors, output gradually shifts over time from relatively less human capital intensive sectors towards more human capital intensive sectors. Sectors intensive in the factor that is becoming relatively more plentiful find their relative prices falling, their “effective productivities” rising at differential rates inversely to their relative price decline, and their relative outputs expanding. Adding more sectors of greater human capital intensity causes labor time to decrease across existing sectors, and by relatively more in the least human capital sectors.
Klíčová slova:
human capital intensity; sectoral allocation; labor shares
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
A human capital theory of structural transformation
The paper presents a human capital based theory of the sectoral transformation along the balanced growth path equilibrium. Allowing a small upward trend in the productivity of the human capital ...
Worker heterogeneity and the asymmetric effects of minimum wages
Luna Alpizar, Jose Luis
2019 - anglický
This paper explores the notion that minimum wages affect different lowskilled workers aszmmetrically due to productivity differences. In a search model with worker heterogeneity, a rising minimum wage lowers the employment and labor force participation of the least productive workers by pricing them out of the market, while having the opposite effect on other low-skilled workers that remain hirable. CPS data supports these predictions, a rise in the minimum reduces the employment and labor force participation of teenagers with less than high school education, but has the opposite effect on prime-age workers with high school attainment. The calibrated model requires small firm surpluses to match these observations. If firm surplus is small due to high nonmarket activity values, a moderate rise in the minimum improves aggregate welfare even when the worker's bergaining weight is high.
Klíčová slova:
minimum wages; search and matching; unemployment
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Worker heterogeneity and the asymmetric effects of minimum wages
This paper explores the notion that minimum wages affect different lowskilled workers aszmmetrically due to productivity differences. In a search model with worker heterogeneity, a rising minimum wage ...
Predatory publications in Scopus: evidence on cross-country differences
Macháček, Vít; Srholec, Martin
2019 - anglický
The paper maps the infiltration of so-called “predatory” scholarly journals into the citation database Scopus. Using the names of “potential, possible, or probable” predatory journals and publishers on Beall’s lists, we derived ISSNs of the respective journals from Ulrichsweb and searched Scopus with it. A total of 324 matched journals with 164 thousand documents indexed in Scopus over 2015-2017, making up a share of 2.8 % of the total articles have been identified. An analysis of cross-country differences in the tendency to publish in these journals reveals that overall the most affected are middle-income countries in Asia and North Africa. Kazakhstan is the country with the largest tendency to publish in predatory journals (18 %). More than 5 % is reported in 20 countries, including large countries such as Indonesia (18 %), Malaysia (11 %), India (10 %), or Nigeria (7 %). Neither developed countries are resistant to predatory publishing. More than 16 000 “potentially predatory” articles were published by authors from United States (0.67 %).
Klíčová slova:
predatory journals; Beall's list; open access
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Predatory publications in Scopus: evidence on cross-country differences
The paper maps the infiltration of so-called “predatory” scholarly journals into the citation database Scopus. Using the names of “potential, possible, or probable” predatory journals and publishers ...
Do minorities misrepresent their ethnicity to avoid discrimination?
Kudashvili, Nikoloz; Lergetporer, P.
2019 - anglický
Discrimination against minorities is pervasive in many societies, but little is known about strategies minorities may apply to minimize discrimination. In our trust game with 758 highschool students in the country of Georgia, ethnic Georgian trustors discriminate against the ethnic Armenian minority group. We introduce an initial signaling stage to investigate Armenians’ willingness to hide their ethnicity to avoid expected discrimination. 43 percent of Armenian trustees untruthfully signal that they have a Georgian name. Signaling behavior is driven by expected transfers and non-pecuniary motives. This strategic misrepresentation of ethnicity increases Georgian trustors’ expected back transfers and eliminates their discriminatory behavior.\n
Klíčová slova:
discrimination; trust game; experiment
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Do minorities misrepresent their ethnicity to avoid discrimination?
Discrimination against minorities is pervasive in many societies, but little is known about strategies minorities may apply to minimize discrimination. In our trust game with 758 highschool students ...
Granger predictability of oil prices after the great recession
Benk, S.; Gillman, Max
2019 - anglický
Real oil prices surged from 2009 through 2014, comparable to the 1970ís oil shock period. Standard explanations based on monopoly markup fall short since ináation remained low after 2009. This paper contributes strong evidence of Granger (1969) predictability of nominal factors to oil prices, using one adjustment to monetary aggregates. This adjustment is the subtraction from the monetary aggregates of the 2008-2009 Federal Reserve borrowing of reserves from other Central Banks (Swaps), made after US reserves turned negative. This adjustment is key in that Granger predictability from standard monetary aggregates is found only with the Swaps subtracted.
Klíčová slova:
oil price shocks; granger predictability; monetary base
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Granger predictability of oil prices after the great recession
Real oil prices surged from 2009 through 2014, comparable to the 1970ís oil shock period. Standard explanations based on monopoly markup fall short since ináation remained low after 2009. This paper ...
Prioritized examination and its impact on commercialization of patents
Hrendash, Taras
2019 - anglický
Patents play an important role in facilitating transfers of knowledge, and enable commercialization of innovative ideas by reducing information asymmetry between potential buyers and sellers on the market for technology. The crucial question, however, is how quickly innovative ideas can be patented. Previous research has shown that the probability of commercialization for pending\napplications peaks immediately after the patent allowance event (Gans, Hsu & Stern, 2008). But does the length of pendency of an application at a patent office also affect the overall saleability of a technology and create some frictions on the market for technology? In this paper, we exploit the introduction of the USPTO’s Prioritized Examination (Track One) Program to capture the impact of shortened pendency on the likelihood that a pending or granted patent will be commercialized via the transfer of property rights. Using the differencein-differences approach, we compare the average saleability of patents, which we assign into three groups according to their predicted propensity for prioritization before and after the program start date. We find that introduction of the Track One program has significantly increased the probability of commercial reassignment of applications that were more likely to be prioritized. Our results suggest that the policy implemented by the USPTO and shortened pendency of applications, in general, may reduce frictions on the market for technology and facilitate commercialization of innovations.
Klíčová slova:
experimental economics; government transfers
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Prioritized examination and its impact on commercialization of patents
Patents play an important role in facilitating transfers of knowledge, and enable commercialization of innovative ideas by reducing information asymmetry between potential buyers and sellers on the ...
Attentional role of quota implementation
Matveenko, Andrei; Mikhalishchev, S.
2019 - anglický
This paper introduces a new role of quotas, e.g., labor market quotas: the attentional role. We study the effect of quota implementation on the attention allocation strategy of a rationally inattentive (RI) agent. Our main result is that an RI agent who is forced to fulfill a quota never hires the candidates without acquiring information about them, unlike an unrestricted RI agent\nwho in some cases bases her decision on prior belief only. We also show that in our context quotas are equivalent to other types of affirmative policies such as subsidies and blind resume policy. We show how our results can be used to set a quota level that increases the expected value of the chosen candidate and also decreases statistical discrimination and discrimination in terms of how much attention is paid to each applicant. At the same time, quota implementation could be destructive if the social planner has imperfect information about the parameters of the model.\n
Klíčová slova:
discrete choice; rational inattention; multinomial logit
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Attentional role of quota implementation
This paper introduces a new role of quotas, e.g., labor market quotas: the attentional role. We study the effect of quota implementation on the attention allocation strategy of a rationally ...
Does index arbitrage distort the market reaction to shocks?
Anatolyev, Stanislav; Seleznev, S.; Selezneva, Veronika
2019 - anglický
We show that ETF arbitrage distorts the market reaction to fundamental shocks. We confirm this hypothesis by creating a new measure of the intensity of arbitrage transactions at the individual stock level and using an event study analysis to estimate the market reaction to economic shocks. Our measure of the intensity of arbitrage is the probability of simultaneous trading of ETF shares with shares of underlying stocks estimated using high frequency data. Our approach is direct, and it accounts for statistical arbitrage, passive investment strategies, and netting of arbitrage positions over the day, which the existing measures cannot do. We conduct several empirical tests, including the use of a quasi-natural experiment, to confirm that our measure captures fluctuations in the intensity of arbitrage transactions. We focus on oil shocks because they contain a large idiosyncratic component which facilitates identification of our mechanism and interpretation of the results. Oil shocks are identified using weekly oil inventory announcements.\n
Klíčová slova:
high-frequency data; stock market; ETF
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Does index arbitrage distort the market reaction to shocks?
We show that ETF arbitrage distorts the market reaction to fundamental shocks. We confirm this hypothesis by creating a new measure of the intensity of arbitrage transactions at the individual stock ...
Menstrual health, worker productivity and well-being among female Bangladeshi garment workers
Czura, K.; Menzel, Andreas; Miotto, Martina
2019 - anglický
We conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on a sample of 1,000 female garment workers in three factories in Bangladesh, offering access to free sanitary pads at work to 500 of the workers. We cross-randomised participation in information sessions for hygienic menstrual health care implemented by an experienced local NGO, and we vary the salience of commonly perceived taboos in the pad collection process. We find effects of the free pads and information sessions on self-reported pad use, but not of the taboo variations. We find effects on absenteeism and adherence to traditional restrictive and health-adverse taboos surrounding menstruation, but not on worker turnover or self-reported well-being at work.
Klíčová slova:
menstrual health; taboos; productivity
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Menstrual health, worker productivity and well-being among female Bangladeshi garment workers
We conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on a sample of 1,000 female garment workers in three factories in Bangladesh, offering access to free sanitary pads at work to 500 of the workers. We ...
NUŠL poskytuje centrální přístup k informacím o šedé literatuře vznikající v ČR v oblastech vědy, výzkumu a vzdělávání. Více informací o šedé literatuře a NUŠL najdete na webu služby.
Vaše náměty a připomínky posílejte na email nusl@techlib.cz
Provozovatel
Zahraniční báze