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ECB monetary policy and commodity prices
Aliyev, S.; Kočenda, Evžen
2022 - anglický
We assess the impact of ECB monetary policy on global aggregate and sectoral commodity prices over 2001–2019. We employ a SVAR model and separately assess periods before and after the global financial crisis. Our key results indicate that contractionary monetary policy shocks have positive effects on commodity prices during both conventional and unconventional monetary policy periods, indicating the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy tools. The largest impact is documented on fuel and food commodities. Our results also suggest that the effect of ECB monetary policy on commodity prices transmits through the exchange rate channel, which influences European market demand.
Klíčová slova:
European Central Bank; commodity prices; short-term interest rates; M2 stock; monetary aggregate; unconventional monetary policy; Structural Vector Autoregressive model; exchange rates
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
ECB monetary policy and commodity prices
We assess the impact of ECB monetary policy on global aggregate and sectoral commodity prices over 2001–2019. We employ a SVAR model and separately assess periods before and after the global financial ...
A New Look to Information and Uncertainty of Continuous Distributions
Fabián, Zdeněk
2022 - anglický
We define information and uncertainty function of a family of continuous distributions. Their values are relative information and uncertainty of an observation from the given parametric family, their mean values are the generalized Fisher information and a new measure of variability, the score variance. In a series of examples we show why to use new concepts instead of the differential entropy.
Klíčová slova:
Differential entropy; information function; uncertainty function; mean information of distribution
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
A New Look to Information and Uncertainty of Continuous Distributions
We define information and uncertainty function of a family of continuous distributions. Their values are relative information and uncertainty of an observation from the given parametric family, their ...
Financial Impact of Trust and Institutional Quality around the World
Kapounek, S.; Kočenda, Evžen; Kouba, L.
2022 - anglický
We investigate the financial impact of social trust, institutional quality, and regulations. As a testing ground we employ a unique, large, and hand-crafted dataset of more than 850 000 lending-based crowdfunding projects from 155 platforms across 55 countries during 2005–2018. We show that the impact of social trust is positive but economically less pronounced than that of institutional trust proxied by legal and property rights protection and regulation. Moreover, the financial impact of social trust is greater at the national level, while impact of institutional quality dominates at the international level. Nevertheless, the financial impact of trust and institutional quality around the world is positive, which is an encouraging implication under increasing anonymity and internationalization of financial environment.
Klíčová slova:
social capital; social trust; institutional trust; uncertainty; crowdfunding; financial markets
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Financial Impact of Trust and Institutional Quality around the World
We investigate the financial impact of social trust, institutional quality, and regulations. As a testing ground we employ a unique, large, and hand-crafted dataset of more than 850 000 lending-based ...
Large Perimeter Objects Surrounded by a 1.5D Terrain
Keikha, Vahideh
2022 - anglický
Given is a 1.5D terrain T , i.e., an x-monotone polygonal chain in R2. Our objective is to approximate the largest area or perimeter convex polygon with at most k vertices inside T . For a constant k > 0, we design an FPTAS that efficiently approximates such polygons within a factor (1 − ǫ). For the special case of the´largest-perimeter contained triangle in T , we design an O(n log n) time exact algorithm that matches the same result for the area measure.
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Large Perimeter Objects Surrounded by a 1.5D Terrain
Given is a 1.5D terrain T , i.e., an x-monotone polygonal chain in R2. Our objective is to approximate the largest area or perimeter convex polygon with at most k vertices inside T . For a constant k ...
For God, Tsar and Fatherland? The political influence of Church
Travova, Ekaterina
2022 - anglický
This paper investigates the influence of the Orthodox Church network in Post-Soviet Russia on individual political preferences and election results. I use the numbers of monks and nuns from Orthodox monasteries operated in the Russian Empire before the Revolution as historical religious markers to construct a Bartik-style instrument (1991). I find that a denser Church network increases the average local approval rating for the current president and the share of votes cast for the government candidate in presidential elections. Further analysis of mechanisms shows that, today, the extending Church network is increasingly less able to attract people to attend church and to substantially increase the share of practicing believers. However, it does affect the political preferences of those who, regardless of their faith in God, self-identify as Orthodox. The potential channel for persuasion is media.
Klíčová slova:
Orthodoxy; Church; approval
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
For God, Tsar and Fatherland? The political influence of Church
This paper investigates the influence of the Orthodox Church network in Post-Soviet Russia on individual political preferences and election results. I use the numbers of monks and nuns from Orthodox ...
Violent conflicts and child gender preferences of parents: evidence from Nigeria
Sargsyan, Ella
2022 - anglický
Identifying the impacts of conflicts and understanding the origins of gender gaps are both seemingly unrelated but crucial questions in the literature. Focusing on the gap at the intersection of these two branches of literature, this study explores whether and how longrun exposure to violent conflicts contributes to and shapes the child gender preferences of parents. I use temporal and spatial variations in conflicts in Nigeria and combine the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and the Demographic and Health Surveys Program to perform the analysis. The results show that the effect of long-run exposure to violent conflicts on stated preferences (attitudes) for boys is not homogeneous. While conflict events with low or no civilian death increase preferences for sons, violence targeted at civilians works in the opposite direction and decreases preferences for boys. I find no evidence of translating these preferences into behaviour via sex-selective abortions. Instead, evidence shows that parents use the stopping rule to achieve the desired gender composition of children. Further, analysis also indicates that, in the districts affected by conflict, parents have a positive bias towards boys in terms of their postnatal health investment.
Klíčová slova:
gender preferences; son preference; violent conflicts
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Violent conflicts and child gender preferences of parents: evidence from Nigeria
Identifying the impacts of conflicts and understanding the origins of gender gaps are both seemingly unrelated but crucial questions in the literature. Focusing on the gap at the intersection of these ...
Access to financial resources and environmental migration of the poor
Rakhmetova, Aizhamal; Hoffmann, R.; Pytliková, Mariola
2022 - anglický
Despite an increasing number of studies, there is no scientific consensus on the extent and conditions under which environmental factors influence migration. In particular, little is known about the role played by financial resources that may facilitate or hinder migration under environmental stress. Empirical evidence shows that some households migrate in response to environmental hazards while others remain in place, potentially being trapped due to lack of resources, i.e. poverty constraints. However, little is known about how access to financial resources influences the decision of a household to stay or migrate. On one hand, financial resources can help to alleviate poverty constraints and to cover migration costs, thereby increasing migration (climate-driver mechanism), on the other hand, financial resources can also improve the adaptation capacities of households at the place they reside, and thus reduce migration responses to environmental changes (climate-inhibitor mechanism). To shed light on households’ migration decisions in response to climate shocks depending on their access to financial resources, we utilize rich micro-data from Indonesia and exploit two sources of variation in climate and cash transfers. Our results suggest that better access to financial resources facilitates the climate-inhibitor mechanism for short-term rainfall shocks and natural disasters. At the same time, better accessibility to financial resources enhances the climate-driver mechanism for accumulated rainfall shocks and temperature anomalies.
Klíčová slova:
climate change; migration; financial resources
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Access to financial resources and environmental migration of the poor
Despite an increasing number of studies, there is no scientific consensus on the extent and conditions under which environmental factors influence migration. In particular, little is known about the ...
Current status of natural refrigerants for heat pumps in an electric bus
Aminian, Ali; Vinš, Václav
2022 - anglický
The technical report provides a survey on the current status of hydrocarbons, with special focus on propane (R290), used as natural refrigerants in air‐conditioning units and heat pumps. Due to the\nexpected phase‐down of halogenated refrigerants planned in the regulation of the European Parliament no. 2022/0099/COD, alternatives such as hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide or ammonia are\nmost probably to be used in EU in the near future. A review of recent developments of HVAC units for residential use and for electric vehicles operated with natural refrigerants is presented.
Klíčová slova:
heat pump; electric bus; refrigeration
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Current status of natural refrigerants for heat pumps in an electric bus
The technical report provides a survey on the current status of hydrocarbons, with special focus on propane (R290), used as natural refrigerants in air‐conditioning units and heat pumps. Due to ...
Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit; Kurylo, Bohdana; Špeciánová, J.
2022 - anglický
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high concentration of refugees in some districts has the potential to burden the school and healthcare systems, as well as the housing market. This project aims to provide an explanation for the unequal distribution of refugees by studying the determinants of refugee location choices in the Czech Republic, including ethnic networks and employment prospects. We provided evidence of a positive association between the number of Ukrainian refugees and (i) the stock of previous Ukrainian immigrants (our measure of ethnic networks) and (ii) the number of available job positions. In addition, we conducted a review of previous studies on the effectiveness of dispersal policies and determined that such policies exert ambiguous effects on refugee labor market integration. Hence, dispersal policies need to consider the integration of refugees and their intentions to remain in the country.
Klíčová slova:
Ukrainian refugees; Czech Republic; geographical distribution
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high ...
Structural mapping of exploration geotechnical boreholes walls within 1st phase – Ore Zone
Waclawik, Petr; Vavro, Martin; Schuchová, Kristýna; Kukutsch, Radovan; Staš, Lubomír; Souček, Kamil; Georgiou, Lucie
2021 - anglický
Structural-geological analysis, i.e. fracturing assessment of the walls of geotechnical boreholes (CIS12, CIS14, CIS31 and CIS37) within the Ore Zone lithium exploratory area was carried out on the basis of optical (OPTV) and acoustic televiewer (HiRAT) records evaluation. HiRAT and OPTV probes are part of the Robertson Geologging logging equipment. The apparatus has an electric winch with a four-core logging cable, which transmits the data recorded by the probes via a data logger to a computer. The spatial data obtained from interpretation of the geotechnical boreholes records were structurally analysed. The submitted research report comprehensively summarises the findings obtained from the structural mapping of geotechnical boreholes. On the basis measured data the rock mass quality evaluation of boreholes walls were additionally done. The complex data have been allowed very precise analysis of rock mass structural conditions, which are necessary for construction geomechanical model.
Klíčová slova:
geotechnical boreholes; structural mapping; rock mass quality
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Structural mapping of exploration geotechnical boreholes walls within 1st phase – Ore Zone
Structural-geological analysis, i.e. fracturing assessment of the walls of geotechnical boreholes (CIS12, CIS14, CIS31 and CIS37) within the Ore Zone lithium exploratory area was carried out on the ...
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