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Bryophytes can recognize their neighbours through volatile organic compounds
VICHEROVÁ, Eliška
2020 - English
Studie se zabývá mezidruhovými interakcemi u mechorostů a přináší první evidenci o rostlinné komunikaci pomocí "volatile organic compounds" u mechorostů. This thesis examines interspecific interactions in bryophytes and brings first evidence of bryophyte plant-plant interaction through volatile organic compounds.
Keywords:
rostlinné interakce; volatile organic compounds; rostlinná komunikace; konkurence u rostlin; Hamatocaulis vernicosus; mechorosty
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Bryophytes can recognize their neighbours through volatile organic compounds
Studie se zabývá mezidruhovými interakcemi u mechorostů a přináší první evidenci o rostlinné komunikaci pomocí "volatile organic compounds" u mechorostů....
Retinal S-opsin dominance in Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) is a consequence of naturally low serum thyroxine.
MLADĚNKOVÁ, Nella
2020 - English
Mammals usually possess a majority of medium-wavelength sensitive (M-) and a minority of short-wavelength sensitive (S-) opsins in the retina, enabling dichromatic vision. Unexpectedly, subterranean rodents from the genus Fukomys exhibit an S-opsin majority, which is exceptional among mammals, albeit with no apparent adaptive value. Because thyroid hormones (THs) are pivotal for M-opsin expression and metabolic rate regulation, we have, for the first time, manipulated TH levels in the Ansell's mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) using osmotic pumps. In Ansell's mole-rats, the TH thyroxine (T4) is naturally low, likely as an adaptation to the harsh subterranean ecological conditions by keeping resting metabolic rate (RMR) low. We measured gene expression levels in the eye, RMR, and body mass (BM) in TH-treated animals. T4 treatment increased both, S- and M-opsin expression, albeit M-opsin expression at a higher degree. However, this plasticity was only given in animals up to approximately 2.5 years. Mass-specific RMR was not affected following T4 treatment, although BM decreased. Furthermore, the T4 inactivation rate is naturally higher in F. anselli compared to laboratory rodents. This is the first experimental evidence that the S-opsin majority in Ansell's mole-rats is a side effect of low T4, which is downregulated to keep RMR low.
Keywords:
subterranean rodents; RMR
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Retinal S-opsin dominance in Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) is a consequence of naturally low serum thyroxine.
Mammals usually possess a majority of medium-wavelength sensitive (M-) and a minority of short-wavelength sensitive (S-) opsins in the retina, enabling dichromatic vision. Unexpectedly, subterranean ...
Low abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes among fungi in soil metatranscriptomes
CHOMA, Michal
2020 - English
Početnost Archaeorhizomycetes, nově popsané linie hub, ve společenstvech půdních hub je nejasná. Většina odhadů se opírá o techniky, které zahrnují polymerázovou řetězovou reakci (PCR), která může výsledky zatížit nepřesnostmi. Tato práce zjištovala početnost Archaeorhizomycetes v datech z půdních metatranskriptomů, které nejsou zatíženy chybami způsobenými během PCR, pocházejících z několika různých ekosystémů. The abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes, a recently discovered fungal lineage, in soil fungal communities is disputed. Majority of the estimates is based on techniques involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which might be source of bias. This thesis aimed to assess the abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes in PCR-independent soil metatranscriptomes from several different ecosystems.
Keywords:
půdní metatranskriptom; Archaeorhizomycetes
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Low abundance of Archaeorhizomycetes among fungi in soil metatranscriptomes
Početnost Archaeorhizomycetes, nově popsané linie hub, ve společenstvech půdních hub je nejasná. Většina odhadů se opírá o techniky, které zahrnují polymerázovou řetězovou reakci (PCR), která může ...
Spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic)
PELTANOVÁ, Jana
2020 - English
Two outflows from atmospherically-acidified Čertovo and Laka lakes in the Bohemian Forest in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2005 and 2007. Water chemistry and macrozoobenthic community composition in longitudinal gradient of both streams were analyzed to determine the present status of the streams. Streams' chemistry reflects the current situation of both lakes. The progress in chemical reversal to natural conditions was observed in longitudinal gradients of both streams (greatly induced by chemically-inert tributaries). Macrozoobenthic recovery was evident only in Laka Lake´s outlow, mainly by increasing Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera taxonomy richness in longitudinal gradient. In Čertovo Lake´s outflow, there were no considerable changes in benthic community composition, because chemistry in the whole locality of Čertovo Lake was limiting for acidosensitive taxons.
Keywords:
atmospheric acidification; stream recovery; Lake Laka; Lake Čertovo
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic)
Two outflows from atmospherically-acidified Čertovo and Laka lakes in the Bohemian Forest in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2005 and 2007. Water chemistry and macrozoobenthic community ...
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
KOLÁŘ, Vojtěch
2020 - English
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The goal of this study was to measure feeding and metabolic rates of intermediate invertebrate predators under different levels of predation risk and abiotic conditions to understand how they might affect their energetic efficiency, i.e. the ability to utilize available resources for individual growth. We ran laboratory experiments with larvae of three odonate species representing intermediate predators exposed to three levels of predation risk (none, visual cues, and visual and chemical cues) and two levels of habitat complexity (present vs. absent artificial submerged vegetation). We show that the response of intermediate predators to predation risk and its consequences for energetic efficiency are species specific and likely determined by their foraging and defense traits and their habitat domains.
Keywords:
chemical cues; metabolic rate; Odonata; predator-prey interactions; trait-mediated effects
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The ...
Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila
KUTHANOVÁ, Michaela
2020 - English
The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and AKH abundance (EE-Akh). Our results showed lipids as the main energy reserve in Drosophila, and their physiological level and metabolism were shown to be under the control of AKH. AKH abundance in the body resulted in lower levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols than in the controls, probably due to a more intensive metabolism; interestingly, there was a disproportional representation of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols in Drosophila. Lower level of glycogen and its partial control by AKH suggest its lesser role as the storage substance. However, maintenance of free carbohydrate level in Drosophila seemed to be critical; when glycogen stores are exhausted, carbohydrates are synthesized from other sources. Protein levels and their alterations, under starvation, did not seem controlled by AKH. AKH-deficient flies were more resistant while AKH-abundant flies were more sensitive to starvation; females were found to be more resistant than males, regardless of the AKH level, probably due to higher body mass and higher amount of nutrients. However, in accordance with the level of all nutrients, that of AKH also gradually decreased with prolonged starvation
Keywords:
Adipokinetic hormone; Drosophila melanogaster; starvation
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Role of adipokinetic hormone during starvation in Drosophila
The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and ...
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
2020 - English
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž prevalence prudce stoupá u lidí žijících ve vyspělých zemích. Převážná většina izolátů H. diminuta je identifikována na základě morfologických znaků, nicméně je zde možnost výskytu kryptických druhů identifikovatelných na základě fylogenetických analýz. V případě kryptické diverzity v rámci komplexu H. diminuta by mohlo být pozorováno rozdílné působení (zejména imunologické) různých izolátů na hostitelský organismus. Tato práce se zaměřuje na odhalení možné genetické diverzity sledováním sekvencí dvou genů - lsrDNA and cox1. Studovány byly převážně izoláty z Evropy a USA, které jsou již využívány pro výzkumné nebo účely. The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is highly prevalent in rat populations and has also been observed rarely in humans. H. diminuta has become a leading candidate for helminth therapy used to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases of humans in Western society. While most of the experimental isolates of H. diminuta are identified based on typical morphological features, hymenolepidid tapeworms may represent complexes of cryptic species as detected by molecular sequence data. In the present study, we explored the diversity of laboratory-kept strains using partial sequences of two genes (lsrDNA and cox1) and determined that H. diminuta isolates currently considered for therapeutic purposes in the US and Europe belong to a single, genetically nearly uniform lineage, showing only little genetic deviation from wild isolates.
Keywords:
Hymenolepis diminuta; helminto-terapie; lsrDNA; cox1; kryptická diverzita
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž ...
Tick-borne encephalitis virus inhibits rRNA synthesis and host protein production in human cells of neural origin
SELINGER, Martin
2019 - English
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with host protein synthesis. In order to determine whether TBEV interacts with this host process in its natural target cells, we analysed de novo protein synthesis in a human cell line derived from cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY HTB-186). We observed a significant decrease in the rate of host protein synthesis, including the housekeeping genes HPRT1 and GAPDH and the known interferon-stimulated gene viperin. In addition, TBEV infection resulted in a specific decrease of RNA polymerase I transcripts, 18S and 28S rRNAs and their precursor, 45-47S pre-rRNA, but had no effect on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed 5S rRNA levels. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with host protein synthesis. In order to determine whether TBEV interacts with this host process in its natural target cells, we analysed de novo protein synthesis in a human cell line derived from cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY HTB-186). We observed a significant decrease in the rate of host protein synthesis, including the housekeeping genes HPRT1 and GAPDH and the known interferon-stimulated gene viperin. In addition, TBEV infection resulted in a specific decrease of RNA polymerase I transcripts, 18S and 28S rRNAs and their precursor, 45-47S pre-rRNA, but had no effect on the RNA polymerase III-transcribed 5S rRNA levels.
Keywords:
tick-borne encephalitis; host response; rRNA; transcriptional/translational shut-off
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus inhibits rRNA synthesis and host protein production in human cells of neural origin
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), is a causative agent of a severe neuroinfection. Recently, several flaviviruses have been shown to interact with ...
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate in freshwater centrarchid and percid fishes of the Neartic Region (North America)
UHROVÁ, Lucie
2019 - English
In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America are reviewed and recognized as a valid: (1) Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925, (2) Proteocephalus luciopercae Wardle, 1932, (3) Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 and additionaly Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), which does not belong to this Proteocephalus aggregate, is provided for the first time. Moreover, molecular analysis of the contatenated (28S rDNA+COI) dataset of Proteocephalus-aggregate species is presented. In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America are reviewed and recognized as a valid: (1) Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925, (2) Proteocephalus luciopercae Wardle, 1932, (3) Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 and additionaly Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), which does not belong to this Proteocephalus aggregate, is provided for the first time. Moreover, molecular analysis of the contatenated (28S rDNA+COI) dataset of Proteocephalus-aggregate species is presented.
Keywords:
Cestoda; Proteocephalidea; Proteocephalus-aggregate
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate in freshwater centrarchid and percid fishes of the Neartic Region (North America)
In the present paper, three species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from centrarchid and percid fishes from North America ...
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Tereza
2019 - English
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity. This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity.
Keywords:
Planorbidae; Digenea; Parasite diversity; Community composition; Reservoir; Europe
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights ...
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