Homomorphic Coordinates of Dempster’s Semigroup
Daniel, Milan
2015 - English
Coordinates of belief functions on two-element frame of discernment are defined using homomorphisms of Dempster’s semigroup (the algebra of belief functions with Dempster’s rule). Three systems of the coordinates (h-f, h-f0, and coordinates based on decomposition of belief functions) are analysed with a focus to their homomorphic properties. Further, ideas of generalisation of the investigated systems of coordinates to general finite frame of discernment are presented.
Keywords:
belief functions; Dempster-Shafer Theory; Dempster's semigroup; homomorphism; homomorphic coordinates
Fulltext is available at external website.
Homomorphic Coordinates of Dempster’s Semigroup
Coordinates of belief functions on two-element frame of discernment are defined using homomorphisms of Dempster’s semigroup (the algebra of belief functions with Dempster’s rule). Three systems of the ...
The thermal regime of ice pits of the Borec hill
Türkott, L.; Martinčíková, Eva; Potop, V.
2014 - English
The ecological stability of the sites with stenoec organisms is important factor for maintaining them at given location. Phonolite system of the Borec hill creates a unique labyrinth of vents. Thermal anomalies occur during the year in the fissure system and create specific microclimate. Flow direction is given by the temperature gradient inside and outside of the system. The lower part of fissure system is located in the debris fields, while the upper part on top of the hill. Phonolite rocks are cooled down by air streaming from the debris fields during the winter. Direction of the air flow changes in the spring and summer. The cold air is exhaled from these vents on the lower parts of system and creates ice pits with the typical vegetation.
Keywords:
ice pit; air temperature; Boreč hill; ventalore
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
The thermal regime of ice pits of the Borec hill
The ecological stability of the sites with stenoec organisms is important factor for maintaining them at given location. Phonolite system of the Borec hill creates a unique labyrinth of vents. Thermal ...
Inconspicuous Appeal of Amorphous Computing Systems
Wiedermann, Jiří
2014 - English
Amorphous computing systems typically consist of myriads of tiny simple processors that are randomly distributed at fixed positions or move randomly in a confined volume. The processors are “embodied” meaning that each of them has its own source of energy, has a “body” equipped with various sensors and communication means and has a computational control part. Initially, the processors have no identifiers and from the technological reasons, in the interest of their maximal simplicity, their computational, communication, sensory and locomotion (if any) parts are reduced to an absolute minimum. The processors communicate wirelessly, e.g., in an airborne medium they communicate via a short-range radio, acoustically or optically and in a waterborne medium via molecular communication. In the extreme cases the computational part of the processors can be simplified down to probabilistic finite state automata or even combinatorial circuits and the system as a whole can still be made universally programmable. From the theoretical point of view the structure and the properties of the amorphous systems qualify them among the simplest (non-uniform) universal computational devices. From the practical viewpoint, once technology will enable a mass production of the required processors a host of new applications so far inaccessible to classical approaches to computing will follow.
Keywords:
amorphous computing; computational universality; computational complexity
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Inconspicuous Appeal of Amorphous Computing Systems
Amorphous computing systems typically consist of myriads of tiny simple processors that are randomly distributed at fixed positions or move randomly in a confined volume. The processors are “embodied” ...
Highly Robust Estimation of the Autocorrelation Coefficient
Kalina, Jan; Vlčková, Katarína
2014 - English
The classical autocorrelation coefficient estimator in the time series context is very sensitive to the presence of outlying measurements in the data. This paper proposes several new robust estimators of the autocorrelation coefficient. First, we consider an autoregressive process of the first order AR(1) to be observed. Robust estimators of the autocorrelation coefficient are proposed in a straightforward way based on robust regression. Further, we consider the task of robust estimation of the autocorrelation coefficient of residuals of linear regression. The task is connected to verifying the assumption of independence of residuals and robust estimators of the autocorrelation coefficient are defined based on the Durbin-Watson test statistic for robust regression. The main result is obtained for the implicitly weighted autocorrelation coefficient with small weights assigned to outlying measurements. This estimator is based on the least weighted squares regression and we exploit its asymptotic properties to derive an asymptotic test that the autocorrelation coefficient is equal to 0. Finally, we illustrate different estimators on real economic data, which reveal the advantage of the approach based on the least weighted squares regression. The estimator turns out to be resistant against the presence of outlying measurements.
Keywords:
time series; autoregressive process; linear regression; robust econometrics
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Highly Robust Estimation of the Autocorrelation Coefficient
The classical autocorrelation coefficient estimator in the time series context is very sensitive to the presence of outlying measurements in the data. This paper proposes several new robust estimators ...
Representations of Boolean Functions by Perceptron Networks
Kůrková, Věra
2014 - English
Limitations of capabilities of shallow perceptron networks are investigated. Lower bounds are derived for growth of numbers of units and sizes of output weights in networks representing Boolean functions of d variables. It is shown that for large d, almost any randomly chosen Boolean function cannot be tractably represented by shallow perceptron networks, i.e., each its representation requires a network with number of units or sizes of output weights depending on d exponentially
Keywords:
perceptron networks; model complexity; Boolean functions
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Representations of Boolean Functions by Perceptron Networks
Limitations of capabilities of shallow perceptron networks are investigated. Lower bounds are derived for growth of numbers of units and sizes of output weights in networks representing Boolean ...
A Weather Risk Prediction System for Road Trip Planning
Krč, Pavel; Fuglík, Viktor; Juruš, Pavel; Kasanický, Ivan; Konár, Ondřej; Pelikán, Emil; Eben, Kryštof; Šucha, M.
2014 - English
The paper presents first ideas of the MEDARD-RODOS project. The aim of the project is to develop a decision support system for road trip planning, reflecting the weather risks predicted from the NWP models implemented in the MEDARD system (www.medard-online.cz) and using the traffic information from the RODOS project (www.centrum-rodos.cz).
Keywords:
weather; prediction; risk; system; road; planning; MEDARD; RODOS; NWP
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
A Weather Risk Prediction System for Road Trip Planning
The paper presents first ideas of the MEDARD-RODOS project. The aim of the project is to develop a decision support system for road trip planning, reflecting the weather risks predicted from the NWP ...
Noise revealing in Golub-Kahan bidiagonalization as a mean of regularization in discrete inverse problems
Kubínová, Marie; Hnětynková, Iveta
2014 - English
Keywords:
ill-posed problems; regularization; Krylov subspace
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Noise revealing in Golub-Kahan bidiagonalization as a mean of regularization in discrete inverse problems
On three equivalent methods for parameter estimation problem based on spatio-temporal FRAP data
Matonoha, Ctirad; Papáček, Š.
2014 - English
Keywords:
inverse problem formulation; Tikhonov regularizaton; least-squares problem
Available in a digital repository NRGL
On three equivalent methods for parameter estimation problem based on spatio-temporal FRAP data
Explaining Anomalies with Sapling Random Forests
Pevný, T.; Kopp, Martin
2014 - English
The main objective of anomaly detection algorithms is finding samples deviating from the majority. Although a vast number of algorithms designed for this already exist, almost none of them explain, why a particular sample was labelled as an anomaly. To address this issue, we propose an algorithm called Explainer, which returns the explanation of sample’s differentness in disjunctive normal form (DNF), which is easy to understand by humans. Since Explainer treats anomaly detection algorithms as black-boxes, it can be applied in many domains to simplify investigation of anomalies. The core of Explainer is a set of specifically trained trees, which we call sapling random forests. Since their training is fast and memory efficient, the whole algorithm is lightweight and applicable to large databases, datastreams, and real-time problems. The correctness of Explainer is demonstrated on a wide range of synthetic and real world datasets.
Keywords:
anomaly explanation; decision trees; feature selection; random forest
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Explaining Anomalies with Sapling Random Forests
The main objective of anomaly detection algorithms is finding samples deviating from the majority. Although a vast number of algorithms designed for this already exist, almost none of them explain, ...
Case Study in Approaches to the Classification of Audiovisual Recordings of Lectures and Conferences
Pulc, P.; Holeňa, Martin
2014 - English
Several methods for classification of semistructured documents already exist, thus also classifications for individual modalities of multimedia content. However, every classifier can behave differently on different data modalities and can be differently appropriate for classification of the considered multimedia content as a whole. Because of that, relying on a single classifier or a static weighting of the classification of individual modalities is not adequate. The present paper describes a case study in searching for suitable classification methods, and in investigating appropriate methods for the aggregation of their results to determine a final class of a lecture or conference recording.
Keywords:
multimedial data; classification; ensembles of classifiers
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Case Study in Approaches to the Classification of Audiovisual Recordings of Lectures and Conferences
Several methods for classification of semistructured documents already exist, thus also classifications for individual modalities of multimedia content. However, every classifier can behave ...
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