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Documentary evidence in the study of past hydrometeorological extremes in South Moravia
Chromá, Kateřina; Brázdil, Rudolf; Valášek, H.; Dolák, Lukáš; Řezníčková, Ladislava
2015 - English
Information about hydrological and meteorological extremes (HMEs) in the instrumental period can be extended back into pre-instrumental times using documentary evidence from a variety of data sources. Financial and economic records, particularly those related to taxation data, are among the most important such sources. For the region of South Moravia, they are held by the Moravian Land Archives in the provincial capital of Brno and in certain equivalent state district archives that contain collections of estate accounts and family archives. Exploration of these sources provides information about HMEs in terms of dates and places of occurrence, courses, and impacts. Data of this kind from South Moravia were interpreted and included in a dedicated database, bringing the number of records of past HMEs to 2,010. This contribution demonstrates the high potential of this type of data.
Keywords:
hydrometeorological extremes; pre-instrumental times; South Moravia
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Documentary evidence in the study of past hydrometeorological extremes in South Moravia
Information about hydrological and meteorological extremes (HMEs) in the instrumental period can be extended back into pre-instrumental times using documentary evidence from a variety of data ...
Selected drought impacts in South Moravia in the 18th and 20th centuries based on documentary evidence
Dolák, L.; Brázdil, Rudolf; Řezníčková, Ladislava; Valášek, H.
2015 - English
This contribution addresses the impacts of drought upon human society in South Moravia in the 18th–20th centuries, utilizing documentary evidence (parish and village chronicles, taxation and damage records, and correspondence). The consequences of drought are reviewed with respect to their impacts on agriculture (with special emphasis on crop production), water resources, and socio-economic conditions.
Keywords:
South Moravia; human society; water-resources
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Selected drought impacts in South Moravia in the 18th and 20th centuries based on documentary evidence
This contribution addresses the impacts of drought upon human society in South Moravia in the 18th–20th centuries, utilizing documentary evidence (parish and village chronicles, taxation and damage ...
Influence of variable weather on incident solar radiation and its spectral composition in the Ostrava region, Czech Republic
Opálková, M.; Robson, T. M.; Navrátil, M.; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - English
Incident solar radiation is influenced by many factors, including distance from the equator, altitude, time of year, and season. Absorption of radiation and its scattering are connected with the properties of atmospheric compounds. Cloud cover and air pollution are connected with tropospheric properties. Using our data, the influence of weather changes on the dose of solar irradiance reaching the Earth’s surface and its spectral composition are described. Solar radiation components were measured continuously by a system of sensors situated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Data for 2014 were chosen for analyses. Days were divided into categories of sunny days and cloudy days according to weather conditions and daily radiation patterns. Percent differences in received solar radiation between sunny and cloudy days were calculated for eight months (Jan, Feb, Mar, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, and Dec). Differences in received solar radiation between clean and polluted days were calculated for sunny and cloudy days in December 2014. Mean incident solar radiation during cloudy days was reduced by 61% from the value for sunny days (in summer months) and by 64% from the value for sunny days in winter months. The largest influence of clouds on received solar radiation was during September and the smallest was during June. There was a reduction in incident solar radiation caused by the atmospheric pollutant PM10 during winter months. This reduction amounted to 10% during sunny days and 21% during cloudy days for December 2014. Clouds significantly reduced incident solar radiation as did the air pollutant PM10, but there were probably other factors also contributing to the reduction in incident solar radiation.
Keywords:
weather; solar radiation; Ostrava region
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Influence of variable weather on incident solar radiation and its spectral composition in the Ostrava region, Czech Republic
Incident solar radiation is influenced by many factors, including distance from the equator, altitude, time of year, and season. Absorption of radiation and its scattering are connected with the ...
Are there any changes in the beginning of flowering of important allergens in the Czech Republic?
Bartošová, Lenka; Hájková, L.; Kožnarová, V.; Možný, M.; Trnka, Miroslav; Žalud, Z.
2015 - English
Phenological observations have a long tradition in the Czech Republic; the first phenological notes were taken in the 18th century. Within the entire phenological observation network of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, 45 plant species can be observed. These include perennial herbs, grass, and ground bushes growing wildly. Some observed species are among the group of so-called allergens, e.g. silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.). In this paper, we evaluated the phenological phase beginning of flowering for two of the aforementioned plants at the Mlýny, Chřibská research site (50°52’N, 14°29’E, 350 m a.s.l.). The aim was to assess which meteorological parameters influence phenological onsets as well as to analyze shifts in phenophase onset dates and temperature trends during 1959–2014. During this period, for B. pendula the average date of beginning of flowering was 28 April with a standard deviation of 10 days and for A. pratensis it was 20 May with a standard deviation of 8 days. The studied species are allergens and their timing and phenological shifting during the spring and their relationship with climate parameters may provide important information for forecasts as part of a pollen warning service.
Keywords:
phenological observations; Czech Republic; climate change
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Are there any changes in the beginning of flowering of important allergens in the Czech Republic?
Phenological observations have a long tradition in the Czech Republic; the first phenological notes were taken in the 18th century. Within the entire phenological observation network of the Czech ...
Leaf area index development and radiation use efficiency of a poplar short rotation coppice culture
Tripathi, Abishek; Fischer, Milan; Trnka, Miroslav; Orság, Matěj; Vanbeveren, S.; Marek, Michal V.
2015 - English
Leaf area index (LAI) is the most appropriate parameter for analyzing canopy structure and crop productivity. LAI and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were estimated to evaluate the productivity of a short rotation coppice culture of a poplar clone. RUE was calculated as the ratio between total aboveground woody biomass and available photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) accumulated during one growing season. Prior to coppicing, LAI reached a maximum value of 7.3 (in 2009), whereas the maximum LAI after coppicing was 6.8 (in 2012). The maximum RUE reached prior to coppicing was 0.25 g mol−1 (in 2009), while after coppicing it was 0.20 g mol−1 (in 2012), which did not represent a significant difference (p > 0.05).
Keywords:
leaf area index; radiation; short rotation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Leaf area index development and radiation use efficiency of a poplar short rotation coppice culture
Leaf area index (LAI) is the most appropriate parameter for analyzing canopy structure and crop productivity. LAI and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were estimated to evaluate the productivity of a ...
Comparison of emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from leaves of three tree species
Holišová, Petra; Večeřová, Kristýna; Pallozi, E.; Guidolotti, G.; Esposito, R.; Calfapietra, Carlo; Urban, Otmar
2015 - English
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play many roles in plants’ ecophysiology and have the potential to affect atmospheric quality due to their chemical reactivity. Rates of BVOC emissions are highly variable depending on plant species and growing condition. Our study evaluated the amounts and spectra of BVOCs emitted from three tree species. We investigated BVOC emissions from the leaves of mature Norway spruce and sessile oak saplings grown in the field and from 1-year-old cuttings of hybrid poplar grown under laboratory conditions. Emitted BVOCs were sampled on desorption Tenax tubes in parallel with gas-exchange measurements. After subsequent thermal desorption of Tenax tubes, BVOC profiles were estimated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The tree species showed substantial differences in BVOC emission rates per unit leaf area ranging between 2.33 and 25.67 nmol m–2 s–1. Spruce trees had the lowest BVOC emissions and oak had slightly higher BVOC emissions on average than did poplar. Isoprene composed more than 97% of total BVOC emissions from oak and poplar, while no isoprene emissions from spruce needles were detected. Spruce BVOC emissions were mainly composed of such monoterpenes as α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene.
Keywords:
emissions; chemical reactivity; plants; BVOC; Norway spruce
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Comparison of emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from leaves of three tree species
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play many roles in plants’ ecophysiology and have the potential to affect atmospheric quality due to their chemical reactivity. Rates of BVOC emissions are ...
High night temperature-induced accelerated maturation of rice panicles can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence
Šebela, David; Quiňones, C.; Olejníčková, Julie; Jagadish, K. S. V.
2015 - English
Rice panicle maturation is considered to be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Since one of the factors accompanying global climate change is increases in minimum night temperatures more pronounced than those in maximum day temperatures, the effect of high night temperature (HNT) on rice panicle maturation was investigated. Two rice genotypes with contrasting HNT responses, N22 (highly tolerant) and Gharib (susceptible), were exposed to control temperatures (ca 23°C) and HNTs (ca 29°C) from flowering until maturity. Loss of photosynthetic activity and/or pigments during rice panicle maturation were evaluated temporally by measuring (i) effective quantum yield of photosystem II efficiency (ΦII), and (ii) steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence level (FS). To prove the accuracy of the new approach presented in this study, several vegetative indices were calculated from reflectance measurements and correlated with fluorescence parameters. It has been observed that ΦII tracks the accelerated maturation of rice panicles exposed to HNT better than does FS. Employing a newly identified chlorophyll fluorescence-based parameter could potentially enable larger genetic diversity scans and identification of novel genotypes with longer panicle maturation periods so as to increase rice yields directly under field conditions.
Keywords:
temperature; chlorophyll fluorescence
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
High night temperature-induced accelerated maturation of rice panicles can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence
Rice panicle maturation is considered to be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Since one of the factors accompanying global climate change is increases in minimum night temperatures more ...
The thermostability of photosystem II photochemistry is related to maintenance of thylakoid membranes organization
Karlický, Václav; Kurasová, I.; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - English
For higher plant photosynthetic reactions, responses to the temperature changes are important, particularly if we consider global warming and the increasing frequency of extreme temperature fluctuations. High temperature stress decreases photosynthetic assimilation through the inactivation of photosystem II (PSII), the most heat-sensitive component of the oxygen-evolving complex. We have recently found higher thermostability of spruce PSII photochemistry compared to such control plants as Arabidopsis species and barley. In this work, we have therefore attempted to describe the causes of this effect on the level of the organization of pigment–protein complexes (PPCs) in spruce thylakoid membranes using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. We have confirmed higher maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) for spruce needles in comparison to barley leaves. Temperature-dependent CD spectra have also demonstrated higher (by about 6°C) PSII thermostability of chiral macro-organization of PPCs in spruce thylakoid membranes compared to those in barley. However, thermal disruption of PPCs did not reveal significant differences. Our results demonstrate that the stability of PSII macro-organization in different plant species correlates with the thermostability of PSII photochemistry in intact needles/leaves and so effective PSII photochemistry is related to the maintenance of PSII macro-organization under high temperature stress.
Keywords:
membrane; photosystem; photochemistry
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The thermostability of photosystem II photochemistry is related to maintenance of thylakoid membranes organization
For higher plant photosynthetic reactions, responses to the temperature changes are important, particularly if we consider global warming and the increasing frequency of extreme temperature ...
Forestry operations focusing on different types of felling related to carbon and economic efficiencies
Plch, Radek; Pecháček, O.; Vala, V.; Pokorný, Radek; Cudlín, Pavel
2015 - English
Assessments of carbon and economic efficiencies, completed by an environmental load computation using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, could be a useful tool for assessing sustainable forest management (e.g. Berg & Lindholm 2005, Michelsen et al. 2008). The purpose of this study was to compare forestry operations focused on manually operated (chainsaw) and fully mechanized (harvester) felling in Norway spruce monocultures and mixed forests within the Novohradské Mts. (Czech Republic) using the methods of carbon efficiency (including LCA) and economic efficiency. In general terms, these methods consist of comparing quantified human inputs (e.g. fossil fuels, electricity, used machinery, and fertilizers, converted into emission units of carbon in t C in CO2 equivalent or EUR) with quantified ecosystem outputs (biomass production in t C or EUR). Forest operations were modelled for one rotation period. The results showed the main differences in carbon emissions and carbon efficiency related to forest operations with different types of felling. In contrast, the economic efficiency results did not differ much with different types of felling. Differences between Norway spruce monocultures and mixed forests using the same type of felling were relatively small for carbon efficiency but large for economic efficiency (Norway spruce monocultures recorded higher economic efficiency).
Keywords:
forestry operations; carbon and economic efficiencies
Fulltext is available at external website.
Forestry operations focusing on different types of felling related to carbon and economic efficiencies
Assessments of carbon and economic efficiencies, completed by an environmental load computation using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, could be a useful tool for assessing sustainable forest ...
Selection of a new site for eddy covariance research in Vietnam – Vietnamese and CzechGlobe cooperation
Nguyen, Vinh Xuan; Pavelka, Marian; Havránková, Kateřina; Hoang, S.N.; Lai, Q. T.; Dang, S. V.; Tran, T. V.; Ton, M. T.; Truong, C. Q.; Pham, N. H.; Tran, C. T.
2015 - English
A montane evergreen broadleaf forest in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam was selected for a future flux study based on a set of standard selection criteria applied to five protected areas in southern Vietnam. This pristine natural ecosystem within the park is important for its biodiversity conservation, supporting high levels of plant diversity and endemism and representing the Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregion. This paper describes general information about the site. Common foggy and calm wind periods can pose a challenge for eddy covariance measurements. Since March 2015, measurement of the horizontal wind regime at the site has begun to provide information on local prevailing wind directions and calm periods to aid in optimizing tower positioning within the site.
Keywords:
eddy covariance research
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Selection of a new site for eddy covariance research in Vietnam – Vietnamese and CzechGlobe cooperation
A montane evergreen broadleaf forest in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam was selected for a future flux study based on a set of standard selection criteria applied to five protected areas in ...
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