No (20983)
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20983
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Laboratory X-ray imaging in material sciences
Koudelka_ml., Petr; Kytýř, Daniel; Jiroušek, O.
2023 - English
In recent decades, X-ray imaging and computed (micro)tomography (XCT) in particular have become common tools for volumetric inspection, visualization, and analysis of internal structure in materials from various fields [1]. In this lecture, we will explore various applications of laboratory X-ray imaging chains utilizing the combination of tomographical imaging with mechanical, thermal, or chemical loading of the irradiated sample in a so-called time-resolved imaging allowing for unprecedented insight into different phenomena driving fundamental processes encountered in various fields of material science. We will show that failure processes in engineering or geological materials [2] can be thoroughly studied by synergy of information from radiographical imaging and other methods including acoustic emission detection and optical measurements via high-speed visible-spectrum and thermal-imaging cameras, where the radiography provides important spatial information regarding deformation processes evolving within the tested samples that could not be obtained otherwise. The state-of-the-art the laboratory based imaging chains for investigation of dynamic response of materials under loading will be also discussed including high speed X-ray radiography utilizing a powerful X-ray source during high velocity impact as an approach suitable for inspection of an impacted sample. As an alternative to both conventional high-power sources and accelerator facilities, capabilities of a flash X-ray system developed primarily for in-situ ballistics research providing very short bursts of an extremely powerful intermittent X-ray radiation with a typical duration of dozens of nanoseconds will be shown.
Keywords:
X-ray imaging; material characterization; mechanical properties
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Laboratory X-ray imaging in material sciences
In recent decades, X-ray imaging and computed (micro)tomography (XCT) in particular have become common tools for volumetric inspection, visualization, and analysis of internal structure in materials ...
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
2023 - English
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4- to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall.
Keywords:
infant-directed speech; vowel length; development of early input; Czech
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for ...
The Prager musikalisches Album (1838) and the nineteenth-century salon as cultural practice
Bunzel, Anja
2023 - English
This article deals with a collection of songs and piano pieces, the Prager musikalisches Album, published in 1838, asking two central questions. Drawing on different concepts of the musical work (Werkbegriff), I explore whether the album can be considered a work rather than a loose collection of multiple works. Within the musicological discourse there have been many attempts at defining these terms, ranging from quite narrow categorisations based on aspects of instrumentation, musical form, or stylistic matters to more open approaches encompassing the communicative process and viewing the history of genre as cultural history. Drawing on the latter, I suggest that the Prager musikalisches Album is a prime example of collective authorship, which opens up a second question, namely that of authorship. Authorship may embrace aspects of agency that exceed the realms of the person who penned a musical, literary, or artistic work. Indeed, it may be shaped by performers, audiences, presses/ salespeople, dedicatees, critics, patrons, and anyone else who has an impact on any given work at the time of its creation and/or publicization. By taking this perspective, I suggest that the Prager musikalisches Album is both reflective and representative of nineteenth-century salon culture, within whose context the album was embedded. Offering a holistic analysis of the album and its context, I use this article as a springboard to advocate for a musical historiography that takes into account the full breadth of musical culture, and which embraces, besides composers and poets, a number of other cultural agents that are often overlooked within more traditional music-historical considerations.
Keywords:
nineteenth-century salon; genre; work; Prague; authorship
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The Prager musikalisches Album (1838) and the nineteenth-century salon as cultural practice
This article deals with a collection of songs and piano pieces, the Prager musikalisches Album, published in 1838, asking two central questions. Drawing on different concepts of the musical work ...
Právo ve věku uálů
Eliáš, Karel
2023 - Czech
Ve studii se autor zamýšlí nad právem a právnictvím moderní doby. Termín uál vymyslel filosof a ekonom Tomáš Kulka. Označuje tak intelektuály bez intelektu – typický uál je absolvent univerzitního studia, kteří vědí, co je právě intelektuálně v módě, vědí, co je se ve vědeckém diskursu společensky passé a co aktuálně debatuje, rádi se do diskusí směle zapojují odkazy na módní autority (Derrida, Foucault …) i volbou slov jako paradigma, post- (modernismus aj.) a jinými zaklínadly, jimž zpravidla do hloubky nerozumějí. Výsledkem je tlachání a povrchnost. Právnictví je jednou z oblastí, kde se uálská entita může dobře prezentovat. Weyr takřka před sto lety a Bejček celkem nedávno charakterizovali naše právnické fakulty jako velkovýrobny právnického dorostu, které mají s étosem univerzit málo společného. To se odráží i mezi akademiky na fakultách, kde sílí konformismus podrobující se byrokratickému hodnocení vědy – větší relevanci má, kolik toho kdo napíše a kde publikuje. než myšlenkový obsah (Payne v té souvislosti píše o ‚chatbotech‘). Výsledkem je omezená schopnost praktiků aplikovat právo a hrozba proměny právnictví v pedantismus. Legislativa tomu ráda vyhovuje množícími se zákonnými pravidly, postupně více a více podrobnějšími, a tím se kruh uzavírá. Autor na závěr poukazuje, že se společnost i věda ocitla ve srovnatelných situacích už několikrát, že však vždy nakonec převládl hlas rozumu. In this study, the author reflects on law and lawyering in modern times. The term ual was coined by philosopher and economist Tomas Kulka. It denotes intellectuals without intellect - a typical ual is a university graduate who knows what is currently intellectually fashionable, knows what is socially passé in scientific discourse and what is currently being debated, likes to boldly engage in discussions with references to fashionable authorities (Derrida, Foucault ...) and by choosing words such as paradigm, post- (modernism, etc.) and other incantations that they usually do not understand in depth. The result is chatter and superficiality. Law is one area where the Uali entity can present itself well. Weyr nearly a century ago and Bejcek quite recently characterized our law schools as law school puppy mills that have little in common with the ethos of universities. This is reflected among academics in faculties where conformism is growing, subject to bureaucratic evaluation of scholarship - how much one writes and where one publishes is more relevant. The result is a limited ability of practitioners to apply the law and the threat of turning lawyering into pedantry. The legislature is happy to accommodate this by proliferating statutory rules, progressively more and more detailed, and so the circle is complete. The author concludes by pointing out that society and science have found themselves in comparable situations several times, but that the voice of reason has always prevailed in the end.
Keywords:
lawyer; intellectual; ual; chatbot; legal education; legal science; legal concepts; abstraction
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Právo ve věku uálů
Ve studii se autor zamýšlí nad právem a právnictvím moderní doby. Termín uál vymyslel filosof a ekonom Tomáš Kulka. Označuje tak intelektuály bez intelektu – typický uál je absolvent univerzitního ...
Lexikální vyjádření lichocení v českém lexiku (z hlediska jejich původu)
Karlíková, Helena
2023 - Czech
Keywords:
etymology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Lexikální vyjádření lichocení v českém lexiku (z hlediska jejich původu)
Z českých slov a věcí: parfém, voňavka, kolínská
Janyšková, Ilona
2023 - Czech
Článek vysvětluje etymologii českých názvů parfému, voňavky, kolínské. The article explains the etymology of the Czech names of perfume, fragrance, cologne.
Keywords:
etymology; Czech; perfume
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Z českých slov a věcí: parfém, voňavka, kolínská
Článek vysvětluje etymologii českých názvů parfému, voňavky, kolínské.
The article explains the etymology of the Czech names of perfume, fragrance, cologne.
Matouš Benešovský jako etymolog
Vykypělová, Taťána
2023 - Czech
Keywords:
etymology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Matouš Benešovský jako etymolog
Effect of aging on mechanical properties of 3D printed samples using stereolithography
Drechslerová, V.; Falta, J.; Fíla, T.; Dvořák, R.; Kytýř, Daniel
2023 - English
This paper focuses on stereolithography (an additive manufacturing technology working on the principle of curing liquid resins layer by layer using ultraviolet radiation) and the effect of aging on the mechanical properties of the material and printed samples. The aging of the material could be a problem for its subsequent use as the stability of the mechanical properties would not be maintained and unwanted deterioration of the material could occur. As part of the research, sets of samples were printed and subjected to different aging methods and subsequently subjected to quasi-static and dynamic uni-axial load tests. From the data obtained, the basic mechanical properties of the material were calculated and compared with each other. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether aging process causes significant changes in the mechanical properties of the materials used, which could have a consequential impact on their use in different industries.
Keywords:
stereolithography; aging; mechanical properties
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effect of aging on mechanical properties of 3D printed samples using stereolithography
This paper focuses on stereolithography (an additive manufacturing technology working on the principle of curing liquid resins layer by layer using ultraviolet radiation) and the effect of aging on ...
Computed tomography system with strict real-time synchronization for in-situ 3D analysis of periodically vibrating objects
Rada, Václav; Fíla, Tomáš; Zlámal, Petr; Koudelka_ml., Petr; Šleichrt, Jan; Macháček, Michael; Vavřík, Daniel; Kytýř, Daniel
2023 - English
In the contribution, we present a laboratory system capable of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning of an periodically moving or oscillating object. The system is an in-house developed XCT setup with electromagnetic voice coil actuator mounted on top of the rotary stage of the setup. The strict synchronization of the components, the rotary stage, the electromagnetic actuator movement and the detector readout is accomplished with use of the detector hardware trigger and hard real-time Linux operating system. Cylindrical sample manufactured from epoxy resin with metal particles to enable movement tracking is scanned in a stationary position and during periodical movement induced by the vibration stage. The volumetric data of the scans is compared and the results of this contribution represent an important step towards identification of defects through modal analysis of in-situ harmonically vibrating object.
Keywords:
computed tomography; hardware trigger; harmonic motion; realtime synchronization
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Computed tomography system with strict real-time synchronization for in-situ 3D analysis of periodically vibrating objects
In the contribution, we present a laboratory system capable of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning of an periodically moving or oscillating object. The system is an in-house developed XCT setup ...
Nedobytá, přesto poražená. Pevnostní města Čech a Moravy v prusko-rakouské válce roku 1866
Kessler, Vojtěch; Šrámek, J.
2023 - Czech
Autoři eseje se pokusili na základě ego-dokumentů odhalit hranice rozporu mezi očekávaným standardem intenzity a délky trvání prusko-rakouského konfliktu a následnou realitou. Jeden z modernizačních procesů 19. století se zkondenzoval v krátkém a intenzivním střetu v létě 1866, kdy se v důsledku zvýšení hustoty dopravní infrastruktury a zavedení nových komunikačních a infrastrukturních sítí svět zdál „menší“ a „rychlejší“. Esej přináší analýzu dobového diskurzu, který autoři chápou nejen jako rámec, v němž se odehrávaly vzpomínky a události, ale také jako produkt těchto mnemonických procesů. Authors of the essay have attempted, based on ego-documents, to reveal the borderlines of the discrepancy between the expected standard of intensity and duration of the Austro-Prussian conflict and the subsequent reality. One of the 19th-century mnodernizing processes condensed in the short and intense clash in the summer of 1866 when in consequence of increased density of the traffic infrastructure and the introduction of new communication and infrastructure networks, the world seemed „smaller“ and „faster“. The essay brings an analysis of the period discrourse that the autohors understand not only as a frame within which memories and events were performed, but also as a poduct of mnemonic processes.
Keywords:
19th century; Hradec Králové; Olomouc; Terezín; Josefov; bastion fortress; Austro-Prussian War of 1866
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Nedobytá, přesto poražená. Pevnostní města Čech a Moravy v prusko-rakouské válce roku 1866
Autoři eseje se pokusili na základě ego-dokumentů odhalit hranice rozporu mezi očekávaným standardem intenzity a délky trvání prusko-rakouského konfliktu a následnou realitou. Jeden z modernizačních ...
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