Změna rozdělení srážek při růstu teploty vyjádřená v diagnostických a prognostických datech
Sokol, Zbyněk; Řezáčová, Daniela
2023 - Czech Shrnujeme hlavní výsledky, které ukazují, jak se mění rozdělení srážek s rostoucí teplotou. Hodnocení využívá hodinové úhrny z 97 srážkových stanic z území České republiky za roky 1997 až 2019. Hodnoty přízemní teploty, přízemního rosného bodu a výstupné kondenzační hladiny jsou užity pro vyjádření teplotní změny. Výsledky ukazují, jak se teplotní růst napěti nasycení (CC scaling) projevuje v rozložení hodnot srážek na studovaném území. Obecně se nárůst srážek v závislosti na sledovaných teplotách zřetelně projevuje u horních kvantilů avšak pouze pro určité intervaly teplot, což potvrzuje závěry i jiných prací. V práci jsou obdobně jako naměřená data zpracována data z reanalýz provedených modelem ALADINCLIMAT/CZ.\n We summarize the main results that show how the distribution of precipitation changes with increasing temperature. Hourly rainfall totals from 97 rain gauge stations in the Czech Republic for the years 1997 to 2019 are used for the evaluation. Ground temperature, ground dew point temperature and temperature at the lifting condensation level are used to express the temperature change. The results show how an increase in temperature and a corresponding increase in saturation humidity (CC scaling) affects the distribution of precipitation in the study area. In general, the increase in precipitation as a function of observed temperature is clearly evident for the upper quantile values, but only for certain temperature intervals. It confirms the findings of other studies. In this paper, data from reanalyses performed by the ALADIN-CLIMAT/CZ model are treated similarly to the measured data.\n Keywords: Clausius Clapeiron equation; precipitation; dependence of precipitation intensity on temperature Available at various institutes of the ASCR Změna rozdělení srážek při růstu teploty vyjádřená v diagnostických a prognostických datech

Shrnujeme hlavní výsledky, které ukazují, jak se mění rozdělení srážek s rostoucí teplotou. Hodnocení využívá hodinové úhrny z 97 srážkových stanic z území České republiky za roky 1997 až 2019. ...

Sokol, Zbyněk; Řezáčová, Daniela
Ústav fyziky atmosféry, 2023

Identification of quasiperiodic processes in the vicinity of the resonance
Fischer, Cyril; Náprstek, Jiří
2023 - English In nonlinear dynamical systems, strong quasiperiodic beating effects appear due to combination of self-excited and forced vibration. The presence of symmetric or asymmetric beatings indicates an exchange of energy between individual degrees of freedom of the model or by multiple close dominant frequencies. This effect is illustrated by the case of the van der Pol equation in the vicinity of resonance. The approximate analysis of these nonlinear effects uses the harmonic balance method and the multiple scale method. Keywords: dynamical systems; quasiperiodic response; van der Pol equation Available at various institutes of the ASCR Identification of quasiperiodic processes in the vicinity of the resonance

In nonlinear dynamical systems, strong quasiperiodic beating effects appear due to combination of self-excited and forced vibration. The presence of symmetric or asymmetric beatings indicates an ...

Fischer, Cyril; Náprstek, Jiří
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2023

Laboratory X-ray imaging in material sciences
Koudelka_ml., Petr; Kytýř, Daniel; Jiroušek, O.
2023 - English In recent decades, X-ray imaging and computed (micro)tomography (XCT) in particular have become common tools for volumetric inspection, visualization, and analysis of internal structure in materials from various fields [1]. In this lecture, we will explore various applications of laboratory X-ray imaging chains utilizing the combination of tomographical imaging with mechanical, thermal, or chemical loading of the irradiated sample in a so-called time-resolved imaging allowing for unprecedented insight into different phenomena driving fundamental processes encountered in various fields of material science. We will show that failure processes in engineering or geological materials [2] can be thoroughly studied by synergy of information from radiographical imaging and other methods including acoustic emission detection and optical measurements via high-speed visible-spectrum and thermal-imaging cameras, where the radiography provides important spatial information regarding deformation processes evolving within the tested samples that could not be obtained otherwise. The state-of-the-art the laboratory based imaging chains for investigation of dynamic response of materials under loading will be also discussed including high speed X-ray radiography utilizing a powerful X-ray source during high velocity impact as an approach suitable for inspection of an impacted sample. As an alternative to both conventional high-power sources and accelerator facilities, capabilities of a flash X-ray system developed primarily for in-situ ballistics research providing very short bursts of an extremely powerful intermittent X-ray radiation with a typical duration of dozens of nanoseconds will be shown. Keywords: X-ray imaging; material characterization; mechanical properties Available at various institutes of the ASCR Laboratory X-ray imaging in material sciences

In recent decades, X-ray imaging and computed (micro)tomography (XCT) in particular have become common tools for volumetric inspection, visualization, and analysis of internal structure in materials ...

Koudelka_ml., Petr; Kytýř, Daniel; Jiroušek, O.
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2023

Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
2023 - English When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4- to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall. Keywords: infant-directed speech; vowel length; development of early input; Czech Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS

When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for ...

Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
Psychologický ústav, 2023

The Prager musikalisches Album (1838) and the nineteenth-century salon as cultural practice
Bunzel, Anja
2023 - English This article deals with a collection of songs and piano pieces, the Prager musikalisches Album, published in 1838, asking two central questions. Drawing on different concepts of the musical work (Werkbegriff), I explore whether the album can be considered a work rather than a loose collection of multiple works. Within the musicological discourse there have been many attempts at defining these terms, ranging from quite narrow categorisations based on aspects of instrumentation, musical form, or stylistic matters to more open approaches encompassing the communicative process and viewing the history of genre as cultural history. Drawing on the latter, I suggest that the Prager musikalisches Album is a prime example of collective authorship, which opens up a second question, namely that of authorship. Authorship may embrace aspects of agency that exceed the realms of the person who penned a musical, literary, or artistic work. Indeed, it may be shaped by performers, audiences, presses/ salespeople, dedicatees, critics, patrons, and anyone else who has an impact on any given work at the time of its creation and/or publicization. By taking this perspective, I suggest that the Prager musikalisches Album is both reflective and representative of nineteenth-century salon culture, within whose context the album was embedded. Offering a holistic analysis of the album and its context, I use this article as a springboard to advocate for a musical historiography that takes into account the full breadth of musical culture, and which embraces, besides composers and poets, a number of other cultural agents that are often overlooked within more traditional music-historical considerations. Keywords: nineteenth-century salon; genre; work; Prague; authorship Available at various institutes of the ASCR The Prager musikalisches Album (1838) and the nineteenth-century salon as cultural practice

This article deals with a collection of songs and piano pieces, the Prager musikalisches Album, published in 1838, asking two central questions. Drawing on different concepts of the musical work ...

Bunzel, Anja
Ústav dějin umění, 2023

Právo ve věku uálů
Eliáš, Karel
2023 - Czech Ve studii se autor zamýšlí nad právem a právnictvím moderní doby. Termín uál vymyslel filosof a ekonom Tomáš Kulka. Označuje tak intelektuály bez intelektu – typický uál je absolvent univerzitního studia, kteří vědí, co je právě intelektuálně v módě, vědí, co je se ve vědeckém diskursu společensky passé a co aktuálně debatuje, rádi se do diskusí směle zapojují odkazy na módní autority (Derrida, Foucault …) i volbou slov jako paradigma, post- (modernismus aj.) a jinými zaklínadly, jimž zpravidla do hloubky nerozumějí. Výsledkem je tlachání a povrchnost. Právnictví je jednou z oblastí, kde se uálská entita může dobře prezentovat. Weyr takřka před sto lety a Bejček celkem nedávno charakterizovali naše právnické fakulty jako velkovýrobny právnického dorostu, které mají s étosem univerzit málo společného. To se odráží i mezi akademiky na fakultách, kde sílí konformismus podrobující se byrokratickému hodnocení vědy – větší relevanci má, kolik toho kdo napíše a kde publikuje. než myšlenkový obsah (Payne v té souvislosti píše o ‚chatbotech‘). Výsledkem je omezená schopnost praktiků aplikovat právo a hrozba proměny právnictví v pedantismus. Legislativa tomu ráda vyhovuje množícími se zákonnými pravidly, postupně více a více podrobnějšími, a tím se kruh uzavírá. Autor na závěr poukazuje, že se společnost i věda ocitla ve srovnatelných situacích už několikrát, že však vždy nakonec převládl hlas rozumu. In this study, the author reflects on law and lawyering in modern times. The term ual was coined by philosopher and economist Tomas Kulka. It denotes intellectuals without intellect - a typical ual is a university graduate who knows what is currently intellectually fashionable, knows what is socially passé in scientific discourse and what is currently being debated, likes to boldly engage in discussions with references to fashionable authorities (Derrida, Foucault ...) and by choosing words such as paradigm, post- (modernism, etc.) and other incantations that they usually do not understand in depth. The result is chatter and superficiality. Law is one area where the Uali entity can present itself well. Weyr nearly a century ago and Bejcek quite recently characterized our law schools as law school puppy mills that have little in common with the ethos of universities. This is reflected among academics in faculties where conformism is growing, subject to bureaucratic evaluation of scholarship - how much one writes and where one publishes is more relevant. The result is a limited ability of practitioners to apply the law and the threat of turning lawyering into pedantry. The legislature is happy to accommodate this by proliferating statutory rules, progressively more and more detailed, and so the circle is complete. The author concludes by pointing out that society and science have found themselves in comparable situations several times, but that the voice of reason has always prevailed in the end. Keywords: lawyer; intellectual; ual; chatbot; legal education; legal science; legal concepts; abstraction Available at various institutes of the ASCR Právo ve věku uálů

Ve studii se autor zamýšlí nad právem a právnictvím moderní doby. Termín uál vymyslel filosof a ekonom Tomáš Kulka. Označuje tak intelektuály bez intelektu – typický uál je absolvent univerzitního ...

Eliáš, Karel
Ústav státu a práva, 2023

Lexikální vyjádření lichocení v českém lexiku (z hlediska jejich původu)
Karlíková, Helena
2023 - Czech Keywords: etymology Available at various institutes of the ASCR Lexikální vyjádření lichocení v českém lexiku (z hlediska jejich původu)

Karlíková, Helena
Ústav pro jazyk český, 2023

Z českých slov a věcí: parfém, voňavka, kolínská
Janyšková, Ilona
2023 - Czech Článek vysvětluje etymologii českých názvů parfému, voňavky, kolínské. The article explains the etymology of the Czech names of perfume, fragrance, cologne. Keywords: etymology; Czech; perfume Available at various institutes of the ASCR Z českých slov a věcí: parfém, voňavka, kolínská

Článek vysvětluje etymologii českých názvů parfému, voňavky, kolínské.

Janyšková, Ilona
Ústav pro jazyk český, 2023

Matouš Benešovský jako etymolog
Vykypělová, Taťána
2023 - Czech Keywords: etymology Available at various institutes of the ASCR Matouš Benešovský jako etymolog

Vykypělová, Taťána
Ústav pro jazyk český, 2023

Effect of aging on mechanical properties of 3D printed samples using stereolithography
Drechslerová, V.; Falta, J.; Fíla, T.; Dvořák, R.; Kytýř, Daniel
2023 - English This paper focuses on stereolithography (an additive manufacturing technology working on the principle of curing liquid resins layer by layer using ultraviolet radiation) and the effect of aging on the mechanical properties of the material and printed samples. The aging of the material could be a problem for its subsequent use as the stability of the mechanical properties would not be maintained and unwanted deterioration of the material could occur. As part of the research, sets of samples were printed and subjected to different aging methods and subsequently subjected to quasi-static and dynamic uni-axial load tests. From the data obtained, the basic mechanical properties of the material were calculated and compared with each other. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether aging process causes significant changes in the mechanical properties of the materials used, which could have a consequential impact on their use in different industries. Keywords: stereolithography; aging; mechanical properties Available at various institutes of the ASCR Effect of aging on mechanical properties of 3D printed samples using stereolithography

This paper focuses on stereolithography (an additive manufacturing technology working on the principle of curing liquid resins layer by layer using ultraviolet radiation) and the effect of aging on ...

Drechslerová, V.; Falta, J.; Fíla, T.; Dvořák, R.; Kytýř, Daniel
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2023