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HYDROPHOBIC FINISHING OF CLOTHING TEXTILES
Lefzika Abraham Mojalefa; vedoucí práce Miroslav Prášil
2010 - English
This work focuses specifically to hydrophobic finishing of clothing textiles, which seeks better way of imparting waterproof and water repellency on the textile substrate without compromising other properties like breathability, air permeability of the clothing apparel. The study compared impregnation and coating hydrophobic finishing by using polyester fabrics of two different yarn count and sett, whereby characteristic properties such as spray test, hydrostatic pressure, air permeability and breathability were determined. Therefore correlation between applied finishing and resulting quality of the textile be simulated. For impregnation, fluorochemical has been utilized. This reagent has an ability to reduce the surface tension of the fabric considerably; hence it repels both water and oily liquids. Fluorochemical also exhibits good chemical and thermal stability. Furthermore, has low reactivity due to their incompatibility with water and oil. For coating, two resins namely: acrylic and acrylic/polyurethane (80:20) were used and therefore their performance being compared for properties mentioned above, whereby Werner Mathis CH-8155 laboratory foulard was utilized to carry out both impregnation and coating using floating knife technique for coating.
Keywords:
oděvní textilie; textilní technologie; textilie
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
HYDROPHOBIC FINISHING OF CLOTHING TEXTILES
This work focuses specifically to hydrophobic finishing of clothing textiles, which seeks better way of imparting waterproof and water repellency on the textile substrate without compromising other ...
Study of silicon treatment of polyamide textiles for airbags
Millicent Ntsuleng Ndlovu; vedoucí práce Jakub Wiener
2010 - English
The key initial drivers to developing the airbags were performance (safety) and cost/benefit. As one can imagine, the key function of the airbag cushion is to absorb the impact. Nylon 6.6 has the most superior capability in energy absorption. The balance between the strength and elongation gives it unmatched suitability for airbag cushion materials. The performance attributes that have led to industry standardisation and use of over 60MM kilograms annually on this material are its breaking strength or tenacity; energy absorption capability or toughness; heat resistance; and stability over time as measured by accelerated ageing tests. Also with silicone coating, again, measured by accelerated ageing tests. However, more recently, a different selection criterion has started to come to the fore, that of proven performance or confidence. Since the airbag system forms part of the automotive supply chain there is continuous and necessary consideration of other materials such as polyester, for use in the airbag cushion. It is possible to demonstrate that all these alternatives, including polyester are significantly inferior to nylon 6.6 when measured against the key performance attributes, and that their use would pose a risk of failure in airbag applications. That lesser performance of polyester coupled with increasing legislative and litigation activity around automotive safety, and the lack of a track record in the global market for polyester have led to the conclusion that polyester is not appropriate for airbag cushion use for comparison purpose, the key physical properties of Nylon 6.6 and polyester are shown in table 6(a). The key differences between the two polymers are density and specific heat capacity.
Keywords:
textilní technologie; polyamidová vlákna
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Study of silicon treatment of polyamide textiles for airbags
The key initial drivers to developing the airbags were performance (safety) and cost/benefit. As one can imagine, the key function of the airbag cushion is to absorb the impact. Nylon 6.6 has the most ...
Flame retardant finish on furniture textiles
Yoliswa Sidloyi; vedoucí práce Miroslav Prášil
2010 - English
Flame retardants save many lives and property because they prevent accidental fires. On the other hand, there are concerns related to chemical release into the environment and potential health effects. Since halogenated flame retardants have been in the focus of public scrutiny, flame retardants based on other chemistries like phosphorus and nitrogen have been developed and need to prove their environmental benefits. This study is concentrating on discussion of specific problems of flammability and flame retardation of the polymer in terms of its molecular structure and its application. The methodology of testing for polymer flammability, the significance of test results, and their correlation with fire hazard form a complex subject which is beyond the scope of this diploma thesis. Flame retardancy standards for public safety are generally controlled or influenced by government departments. Flame retardancy is required in many coated products, and a polymer coating can hold a larger amount of FR chemical than a simple finish on a fabric. The use of coatings is widely used and for many purposes. Most items that we own are coated. Coating is applied to render a certain property on a fabric and to protect materials from corrosion and other detrimental effects of the ambient atmosphere. Surface properties such as gloss, color, slipperiness, they change and make the surface beautiful. In many cases coatings are applied to improve surface properties of the substrate, such as appearance, adhesion, wet ability, wear resistance, and scratch resistance. Wide range of applications techniques, coating types and purposes makes coating an extremely diverse field. Coatings may be applied as liquid, gases or solids. Coatings can be measured and tested for proper opacity and film thickness. There are processes that had to be followed when applying coating on a fabric. Achieving high level properties in coating technical textiles requires implicit knowledge of the fabric, the polymers with their strengths and weaknesses, and the technology. The right selection and combination of polymers depend on end use and technical properties. . Literature is covering various aspects of polymer flammability, flame-retardant compounds for polymers, and of possible improvements in the fire safety.
Keywords:
textilní chemie; textilní technologie; bytové textilie; požární odolnost; nehořlavé materiály
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Flame retardant finish on furniture textiles
Flame retardants save many lives and property because they prevent accidental fires. On the other hand, there are concerns related to chemical release into the environment and potential health ...
EVALUATION OF COLOR-DIFFERENCE FORMULAE USING CRT COLORS
Abdul Malik Rehan Abbasi; vedoucí práce Michal Vik
2010 - English
This research work was carried out to test color difference formulae by method of adjustment. 6 different color centers (Red, Yellow, Green, Blue-Green, Blue and Violet) were chosen for this psychophysical experiment. 336 virtual sample pairs were prepared. The mean color difference was DECIELAB three units. Each pair was assessed by a panel of 5 observers using psychophysical methods called Method of Adjustment. These visual data were used to test color-difference formulae: CMC, CIE94, DIN99d and CIE2000 together with basic CIELAB, with the help of simple statistical measures to fit i.e., PF/3, Stress and Wrong Decision Criteria. In the second step, the Lightness parametric factor kL was optimized for CMC, CIE94, DIN99d and CIE2000 with kC=kH=1. It was found that the visual results obtained from psychophysical method of adjustment showed that CIE94 being as a simplest linear transformation of CIELAB as well as DIN99d being as a logarithmic transformation perform very well for small color differences for both, original form and optimized form.
Keywords:
textilní barvířství
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
EVALUATION OF COLOR-DIFFERENCE FORMULAE USING CRT COLORS
This research work was carried out to test color difference formulae by method of adjustment. 6 different color centers (Red, Yellow, Green, Blue-Green, Blue and Violet) were chosen for this ...
Photolytic effect on textile fibers
Tshediso Alex Mofokeng; vedoucí práce Jarmila Studničková
2010 - English
The development followed by an implementation of a systematic and comprehensive research with the objective of achieving photolytic textile materials. Environmental contamination is a growing problem that cannot be neglected as it influences our world and daily life. Eliminating contaminated compounds costs energy, which increases the CO2 emission that causes global warming. A solution for this dilemma can be found in the field of semiconductor chemistry, which implies the use of an inert "environmentally harmonious" catalyst, nonhazardous oxidants (oxygen) and solar energy input. In this way the contaminated environment can be gently harmonized to restore original conditions. If a wide-band gap semiconductor like titanium dioxide (TiO2) is irradiated with light, excited electron?hole pair's can be applied in chemical processes to create or degrade specific compounds. Titanium dioxide's hotocatalytic characteristics are greatly enhanced due to the advent of nanotechnology as the smallest amount TiO2P25 is able to cover a large surface area. TiO2 nanoparticles via an aqueous sol process at low temperature (method 1) and using polysiloxane binder (method 2) to hold the TiO2 particles within the substrate?s surface, successfully the textile fabrics of water purification, anti-bactericidal and high wettability with self-cleaning properties were successfully prepared. SEM has been adopted as the surface characterization technique. Small amount of light energy (900 ?W/cm2) was used, length of measurement was 15 cm. Photocatalyst applied in cotton samples showed high photolytic effect in comparison with polyester and polyamide and sol-gel process showed more capability and the thin films TiO2 showed incredible photocatalytic activity.
Keywords:
fotokatalýza; metoda sol-gel; textilní technologie
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Photolytic effect on textile fibers
The development followed by an implementation of a systematic and comprehensive research with the objective of achieving photolytic textile materials. Environmental contamination is a growing problem ...
Special Textile Finishing - microencapsulation
Khensani Shalati Nkuna; vedoucí práce Jana Šašková
2010 - English
Microencapsulation is one of the special finishes applied on a textile. Microencapsulation technologies involve an encapsulated of a compound inside a tiny sphere known as microcapsule, in which various active materials such as drugs, vitamins and flavors are effectively encapsulated with a formation of microcapsules. These microcapsules release their contents at appropriate time by using different release mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was to produce micro-particles of sodium chloride using the physical process of microencapsulation. Spray drying process was used for formation of powder of sodium chloride containing micro-particles; the particles were measured and analyzed. The powdered form was applied on a fiber samples consisting of bicomponent fibers for observation of any changes in the fiber properties. The second objective was to produce microcapsules of phase change material using spray drying process. Paraffin wax was used as a phase change material. Microcapsules were measurements and analyzed according to the distribution of the microcapsules.
Keywords:
textilní technologie
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Special Textile Finishing - microencapsulation
Microencapsulation is one of the special finishes applied on a textile. Microencapsulation technologies involve an encapsulated of a compound inside a tiny sphere known as microcapsule, in which ...
TiO2 nanoparticles in textile finishing
Rachelapo Jeany Seleti; vedoucí práce Jakub Wiener
2010 - English
The aim of this study has been to observe the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as it was used in finishing methods such as printing, sol gel and hydrophobic finish. To study the surface wettability of textile fabrics by contact angle measurement. To observe the UV-shielding property of the treated fabrics characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The contact angle of textile materials used was measured, the UPF values were also measured and comparable, the porosity of textile material was also determined statistically. With the aims mentioned above the theoretical part was described, the practical method used was also described.
Keywords:
textilní chemie; textilní technologie
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
TiO2 nanoparticles in textile finishing
The aim of this study has been to observe the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as it was used in finishing methods such as printing, sol gel and hydrophobic finish. To study the surface wettability of ...
Dyeing of special fibers by the sol gel method
Mavela Jewel Luthuli; vedoucí práce Jakub Wiener
2010 - English
This is a study of dyeing of special fibers using a special solvent which is believed to form a film by bonding with the surface of the glass fibers. The film formed enables the selected dyes such as the acids, disperse and cationic to adhere to the fiber surface by forming dye-film bonds on the coated fibers. The process of dyeing and coating of fiber with this solvent occurs simultaneously resulting to reasonable dye fastnesses to the fibers at the same time bright and dark shades can be obtained. The solvent used is based on the blending of 3-trimethoxysily and propylmethacrylate in combination with isopropylnol and complementary solvents (water, HCl, BPO). Positive results have been obtained in this brief study although further data may be c collected by conducting more laboratory experiments using different substrates and the TMSPM (SOL GEL) solvent.
Keywords:
barvení textilií; metoda sol-gel
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Dyeing of special fibers by the sol gel method
This is a study of dyeing of special fibers using a special solvent which is believed to form a film by bonding with the surface of the glass fibers. The film formed enables the selected dyes such as ...
Laser treatment of special fibers
Letlhogonolo Lucky Mogaladi; vedoucí práce Jakub Wiener
2010 - English
Laser treatment of textile fabrics is a dry treatment of the surface of the material using the laser beam at 9.3 - 11.5um wavelengths of infrared electromagnetic spectrum. The utilization of lasers in surface modifications is one of the new technologies being applied in recent years. Lasers are capable of changing the properties of fibers, when applied at certain intensities of laser beam. The fibers of treatment are Kevlar 49, Kevlar 149 and Glass fibres due to their high strengths and high thermal stabilities. The treated fabrics are tested for absorbency test, Infrared Spectrophotometer, surface resistivity, Scan Electron Microscopy, abrasion and pilling tester, colour measurement and mechanical strength measurements and compared with the untreated samples of Glass, Kevlar 149 and Kevlar 49 fabrics. The water drop absorbency tests of the treated samples have shown different results as compared to the untreated substrates. The influence of the laser light on the surface of the treated material show the carbonization of the chemical structure by the use of IR spectrophotometer. The treated materials tend to be rougher on the surface and the evidence was realized by Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) to view the surface morphology. Abrasions of the samples were tested using abrasion tester and the results of the laser irradiated where compared with non - irradiated samples. The increase in laser's energy density reduced the abrasion resistance of the material.
Keywords:
lasery; textilní technologie; textilie
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Laser treatment of special fibers
Laser treatment of textile fabrics is a dry treatment of the surface of the material using the laser beam at 9.3 - 11.5um wavelengths of infrared electromagnetic spectrum. The utilization of lasers in ...
Podpora čtenářské gramotnosti v hodinách čtení v anglickém jazyce
Michaela Raimová; vedoucí práce Zuzana Šaffková
2010 - English
Práce se zabývá tématem zvyšování čtenářské gramotnosti v hodinách anglického jazyka.
Keywords:
angličtina; jazyková výuka; čtenářská gramotnost
Available to registered users in the Library of TUL
Podpora čtenářské gramotnosti v hodinách čtení v anglickém jazyce
Práce se zabývá tématem zvyšování čtenářské gramotnosti v hodinách anglického jazyka.
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