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Statistical Method Selection Matters: Vanilla Methods in Regression May Yield Misleading Results
Kalina, Jan
2023 - English
The primary aim of this work is to illustrate the importance of the choice of the appropriate methods for the statistical analysis of economic data. Typically, there exist several alternative versions of common statistical methods for every statistical modeling task and the most habitually used (“vanilla”) versions may yield rather misleading results in nonstandard situations. Linear regression is considered here as the most fundamental econometric model. First, the analysis of a world tourism dataset is presented, where the number of international arrivals is modeled for 140 countries of the world as a response of 14 pillars (indicators) of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index. Heteroscedasticity is clearly recognized in the dataset. However, the Aitken estimator, which would be the standard remedy in such a situation, is revealed here to be very inappropriate, regression quantiles represent a much more suitable solution here. The second illustration with artificial data reveals standard regression quantiles to be unsuitable for data contaminated by outlying values, their recently proposed robust version turns out to be much more appropriate. Both illustrations reveal that choosing suitable methods represent an important (and often difficult) part of the analysis of economic data.
Keywords:
linear regression; assumptions; non-standard situations; robustness; diagnostics
Fulltext is available at external website.
Statistical Method Selection Matters: Vanilla Methods in Regression May Yield Misleading Results
The primary aim of this work is to illustrate the importance of the choice of the appropriate methods for the statistical analysis of economic data. Typically, there exist several alternative versions ...
Fractionally Isomorphic Graphs and Graphons
Hladký, Jan; Hng, Eng Keat
2023 - English
Fractional isomorphism is a well-studied relaxation of graph isomorphism with a very rich theory. Grebík and Rocha [Combinatorica 42, pp 365–404 (2022)] developed a concept of fractional isomorphism for graphons and proved that it enjoys an analogous theory. In particular, they proved that if two sequences of graphs that are fractionally isomorphic converge to two graphons, then these graphons are fractionally isomorphism. Answering the main question from ibid, we prove the converse of the statement above: If we have two fractionally isomorphic graphons, then there exist sequences of graphs that are fractionally isomorphic converge and converge to these respective graphons. As an easy but convenient corollary of our methods, we get that every regular graphon can be approximated by regular graphs.
Keywords:
graph; graphon; graph fractional isomorphism
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Fractionally Isomorphic Graphs and Graphons
Fractional isomorphism is a well-studied relaxation of graph isomorphism with a very rich theory. Grebík and Rocha [Combinatorica 42, pp 365–404 (2022)] developed a concept of fractional isomorphism ...
Summary of the Liquid-Gas Ejector Hydraulic Behavior - Theory and Practice
Gebouský, Ondřej; Haidl, Jan
2023 - English
Liquid-gas ejectors (LGEs) are fascinating devices that use the kinetic energy of the liquid jet to entrain and eventually compress the gas. LGEs find applications in both industry and everyday life, e.g., as sprayers. However, a complex and reliable method for LGE design was not available in the open literature until recently. This contribution follows up on our recent works about the hydraulic behavior of LGE with undisturbed and destabilized liquid jets. This paper aims to summarize the device’s complicated hydraulics and characterize its optimal design for three industrially relevant applications - (a) LGE as the vacuum pump, (b) LGE as the gas purification equipment, and (c) LGE as the gas distributor for bioreactors.
Keywords:
liquid-gas ejector; jet pump; design method
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Summary of the Liquid-Gas Ejector Hydraulic Behavior - Theory and Practice
Liquid-gas ejectors (LGEs) are fascinating devices that use the kinetic energy of the liquid jet to entrain and eventually compress the gas. LGEs find applications in both industry and everyday life, ...
Enhanced growth rate of diamond films at low temperature in focused microwave plasma system
Babčenko, Oleg; Bydžovská, Irena; Fait, Jan; Shagieva, Ekaterina; Ondič, Lukáš; Kromka, Alexander
2023 - English
The low temperature (< 500 °C) diamond film deposition on fused silica in two different focused microwave plasma systems, i.e. a multimode clamshell cavity (MCC) and a rotational ellipsoid cavity (REC) reactor, was investigated. During the experiments, the methane to hydrogen ratio, in the hydrogen-rich process gas mixture, varied from 1 % to 15 % for MCC and from 1 % to 9 % for REC. The grown films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman shift measurements. The outcomes of the study and enhanced diamond growth at low temperatures is advantageous for overcoating of fused silica as well as thermally sensitive substrates, e.g. optical elements, photonic crystals, sensors, etc.
Keywords:
well-faceted diamonds; low temperature deposition; high growth rate; low non-diamond content; focused plasma
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Enhanced growth rate of diamond films at low temperature in focused microwave plasma system
The low temperature (...
Determination of the initial stress tensor from deformation of underground opening-theoretical background and applications
Malík, Josef; Kolcun, Alexej
2023 - English
In this paper a method for the detection of initial stress tensor is proposed. The method is based on measuring distances between some pairs of points located on the wall of underground opening in the excavation process. This methods is based on the solution of eighteen auxiliary problems in the theory of elasticity with force boundary conditions. The optimal location of the pairs of points on the wall of underground work is studied. The pairs must be located so that the condition number of a certain matrix has the minimal value, which guarantees a reliable estimation of initial stress tensor.
Keywords:
initial stress tensor; first boundary value problem of the theory of elasticity; condition number of matrices
Fulltext is available at external website.
Determination of the initial stress tensor from deformation of underground opening-theoretical background and applications
In this paper a method for the detection of initial stress tensor is proposed. The method is based on measuring distances between some pairs of points located on the wall of underground opening in the ...
Self-balancing of vertical disc rotors supported by contactless bearings
Zapoměl, Jaroslav; Kozánek, Jan; Košina, Jan
2023 - English
Article discusses the self-balancing of the vertical disc rotors supported by contactless bearings on principle of diamagnetic levitation. There are three possibilities of contactless supports: permanent magnet levitation with the help of bismuth, graphite and pyrolitic graphite.
Keywords:
self balancing; vertical disc rotors; contactless bearings
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Self-balancing of vertical disc rotors supported by contactless bearings
Article discusses the self-balancing of the vertical disc rotors supported by contactless bearings on principle of diamagnetic levitation. There are three possibilities of contactless supports: ...
Dynamics of a cantilever beam with piezoelectric sensor: Finite element modeling
Cimrman, Robert; Kolman, Radek; Musil, Ladislav; Kotek, Vojtěch; Kylar, Jaromír
2023 - English
An elastodynamical model of a cantilever beam coupled with a piezoelectric sensor is introduced and its discretization using the finite element method is presented. The mathematical model includes additional terms that enforce the floating potential boundary condition for keeping a constant charge on an electrode of the sensor. The behaviour of the model is illustrated using a numerical example corresponding to an experimental setup, where vibrations of the beam and the potential on the sensor are measured.
Keywords:
finite element method; piezo-electricity; floating potential; dynamic simulation
Fulltext is available at external website.
Dynamics of a cantilever beam with piezoelectric sensor: Finite element modeling
An elastodynamical model of a cantilever beam coupled with a piezoelectric sensor is introduced and its discretization using the finite element method is presented. The mathematical model includes ...
Effect of the long-term storage methods on the stability of cartilage biomechanical parameters
Žaloudková, Blanka; Sekorová, Š.; Kopecká, B.; Kytýř, Daniel
2023 - English
Long-term stability of the tissue product in terms of mechanical parameters is a key factor for its expiration date. For the investigation of storage effects on the cartilage tissues the experimental mechanical loading test combined with XCT scanning for the irregular shape inspection was performed. The samples were preserved according to three different protocols using the deep-freezing and two types of saline solution preservation. The stability of the biomechanical parameters was tested within annual intervals. All samples were subjected to uni-axial compression loading using the in-house developed compact table top loading device in displacement-driven mode. Based on the measurements, the results are represented in the form of stress-strain curves and quantified as elastic modulus and ultimate compression stress. It can be concluded that no significant difference was found in neither the mechanical properties of the samples nor in the effects of each preservational method.
Keywords:
stability study; cartilage; biomechanical characterisation; compression loading; XCT imaging
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effect of the long-term storage methods on the stability of cartilage biomechanical parameters
Long-term stability of the tissue product in terms of mechanical parameters is a key factor for its expiration date. For the investigation of storage effects on the cartilage tissues the experimental ...
Damage detection study for a pedestrian cable-stayed bridge using ANSYS
Bayer, Jan; Kawulok, Marek; Urushadze, Shota
2023 - English
In connection to development of new testing techniques for bridges at ITAM, a theoretical damage detection case study was performed for a cable stayed bridge over the Vltava River at Lužec. The results recognise the most susceptible loading modes which should be identified exactly during the in-situ measurements.
Keywords:
cable stayed bridges; structural health monitoring; ANSYS
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Damage detection study for a pedestrian cable-stayed bridge using ANSYS
In connection to development of new testing techniques for bridges at ITAM, a theoretical damage detection case study was performed for a cable stayed bridge over the Vltava River at Lužec. The ...
Technological challenges in the fabrication of MoS.sub.2./sub./diamond heterostructures
Varga, Marián; Sojková, M.; Hrdá, J.; Hutar, P.; Parsa Saeb, S.; Vanko, G.; Pribusova Slusna, L.; Ondič, Lukáš; Fait, Jan; Kromka, Alexander; Hulman, M.
2023 - English
Nowadays, 2D materials are one of the most studied classes of materials. In addition to the most famous graphene, progress has been achieved in studying and using fundamental properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD). Complementary, diamond as a representative of 3D materials has gained a reputation as an extremely versatile material due to its extraordinary combination of physical/chemical/electrical/optical properties. Besides these particular forms of 2D and 3D materials, their heterostructures have become very attractive due to new phenomena and functions (bandgap engineering, enhanced charge transport, optical interaction, etc.). However, individual technological procedures are still minimally investigated and described. Here, we will demonstrate a proof-of-concept for the preparation of MoS2/diamond heterostructures, where two different strategies were employed: a) growth of MoS2 layers on diamond films, and b) growth of diamond films on Si/MoS2 substrates.
Keywords:
transition metal dichalcogenides; molybdenum disulfide; diamond; heterostructures
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Technological challenges in the fabrication of MoS.sub.2./sub./diamond heterostructures
Nowadays, 2D materials are one of the most studied classes of materials. In addition to the most famous graphene, progress has been achieved in studying and using fundamental properties of transition ...
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