Documentary evidence as a source of data for studying droughts in the Czech lands
Řezníčková, Ladislava; Brázdil, Rudolf; Kotyza, O.; Valášek, H.
2015 - anglický Information about past droughts may be derived from the various kinds of documentary evidence. Documentary data are particularly applicable to the pre-instrumental period but may also be used for the overlapping period with instrumental records. They are extracted from written narrative sources, weather diaries, personal and official letters, newspapers, religious records, epigraphic sources, and other sources. Direct descriptions of weather facilitate identification of meteorological droughts, while descriptions of drought impacts are used to identify agricultural and hydrological droughts. Documentary evidence enabled the creation of series of precipitation indices which classify dry months on a scale of –1 (dry), –2 (very dry), and –3 (extremely dry). In this way, it is possible to study the frequency, seasonality, severity, and impacts of drought episodes in the pre-instrumental period. Klíčová slova: Czech Lands; data for studying droughts; weather Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Documentary evidence as a source of data for studying droughts in the Czech lands

Information about past droughts may be derived from the various kinds of documentary evidence. Documentary data are particularly applicable to the pre-instrumental period but may also be used for the ...

Řezníčková, Ladislava; Brázdil, Rudolf; Kotyza, O.; Valášek, H.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2015

Analysis of poplar water-use efficiency at Domanínek experimental site
Hlaváčová, M.; Fischer, Milan; Tripathi, Abishek; Orság, Matěj; Trnka, Miroslav
2015 - anglický The main objective of this study was to test if water-use efficiency (WUE) values are higher for short-rotation poplar coppice than they are for field crops. WUE of woody biomass was determined for 16 trees within a short-rotation poplar coppiced culture (poplar clone J-105) in the within the Czech Republic during the 2013 growing season. Total WUE of woody biomass for the 16 measured trees was 4.93 g kg−1 when calculated with the data set without a vapour pressure deficit condition and 4.63 g kg−1 when calculated with the data set with a vapour pressure deficit condition. Poplar clone J-105 is a tree species with relatively high WUE, but some crops or short-rotation coppice species can reach higher or comparable WUE values. Klíčová slova: water-use efficiency; Bohemian–Moravian Highlands; woody biomass; Czech Republice Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Analysis of poplar water-use efficiency at Domanínek experimental site

The main objective of this study was to test if water-use efficiency (WUE) values are higher for short-rotation poplar coppice than they are for field crops. WUE of woody biomass was determined for ...

Hlaváčová, M.; Fischer, Milan; Tripathi, Abishek; Orság, Matěj; Trnka, Miroslav
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2015

CN-PAGE as a tool for separating pigment–protein complexes and studying their thermal stability in spruce and barley thylakoid membranes
Kurasová, Irena; Svrčinová, K.; Karlický, Václav; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - anglický The central aim of our study was to develop a method for solubilization and native electrophoretic (colourless native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CN-PAGE) separation of pigment–protein complexes (PPCs) embedded in thylakoid membranes (tBMs) isolated from spruce. Subsequently, we focused on studying the effect of temperature on the composition and PPC stability of two different species: barley and spruce. We found that the mild detergent n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside (β-DM) is suitable for PPC solubilization of spruce tBMs, but longer solubilization and a higher ratio of detergent to total chlorophyll are needed for spruce than are needed for barley. We also unified CN-PAGE protocols to optimize the separation of spruce and barley PPCs that resulted in the separation of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes (SCs), PSI and PSII core dimers, PSII core monomers, trimeric and monomeric light-harvesting complexes of PSII, and bands with free pigments. Studying the effect of elevated temperature on PPCs using CN-PAGE revealed different thermal stability of PPCs in spruce and barley tBMs. Pronounced PPCs changes were observed at temperatures at or above 40°C. We observed partial disappearance of PSII SCs bands at 44°C in barley and at 52°C in spruce. In addition, spruce PSI SCs exhibited slightly higher thermal stability than did barley PSI SCs. The increased thermal stability of spruce tBMS in comparison to that of barley tBM was also confirmed by the circular dichroism spectra of isolated tBMs at different temperatures (Karlický et al. 2015). Klíčová slova: thermal stability; barley thylakoid Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. CN-PAGE as a tool for separating pigment–protein complexes and studying their thermal stability in spruce and barley thylakoid membranes

The central aim of our study was to develop a method for solubilization and native electrophoretic (colourless native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CN-PAGE) separation of pigment–protein ...

Kurasová, Irena; Svrčinová, K.; Karlický, Václav; Špunda, Vladimír
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2015

Development of methods for breeding high-lipidcontent algal strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Fedorko, Jan; Búzová, Diana; Červený, Jan
2015 - anglický Green microalgae are among the most widely distributed microorganisms in the biosphere. They are significant contributors to global photosynthetic productivity and are interesting for biotechnology due to their large variety of high-value compound accumulation and range of applications. To achieve profitable microalgae cultures for biotechnology, one wants to combine antagonistic properties: rapid growth and high accumulation of specific compounds. Here, we focus on development of advanced cultivation strategies and breeding methods applied to the model algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for optimized production of lipids. For identification, isolation, and subsequent selection of an optimal subpopulation with high lipid content, we used high-throughput fluorescenceactivated cell sorting in combination with imaging flow cytometry on cells stained with lipid-specific fluorescent dye. We observed that post-sort cell viability was not negatively influenced by external parameters used during the sorting procedure (pressure, light quality and quantity, influence of the sorting electromagnetic field, toxic effects of both fluorescent marker and microfluidic system medium composition). Klíčová slova: breeding high-lipidcontent; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Development of methods for breeding high-lipidcontent algal strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Green microalgae are among the most widely distributed microorganisms in the biosphere. They are significant contributors to global photosynthetic productivity and are interesting for biotechnology ...

Fedorko, Jan; Búzová, Diana; Červený, Jan
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2015

The relationships of soil CO2 flux with selected Norway spruce root parameters and sterol content in the soil
Holub, Filip; Fabiánek, Tomáš; Večeřová, Kristýna; Moos, Martin; Oravec, Michal; Tříska, Jan; Marková, I.; Edwards, Magda; Cudlín, Pavel
2015 - anglický The flow of CO2 from the soil is a very important part of the carbon cycle in an ecosystem. The aim of our work was to determine how roots and rhizospheric fungi contribute to CO2 flux from the soil. Preliminary results from two years of research are presented. The research on how root biomass as well as ergosterol and phytosterol contents in roots and soil affected CO2 flux from the soil was conducted in a 108-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest in the Drahany Highlands during 2010 and 2011. CO2 flow was measured using a LI-8100 portable closed gasometric system (Li-Cor, USA). The dry weight and volume of individual root categories (< 1 mm, 1–2 mm, 2–5 mm, > 5 mm), C and N contents in the roots, as well as ergosterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol contents in the soil and roots were determined from root-containing soil samples located in the circular measurement chamber. In addition, sterol content was determined in the soil only. Our soil respiration results correspond with the findings of Buchman (2000) who found respiration values between 5–7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in a 111-year-old spruce forest. A significant influence on soil respiration was proven only for sitosterol content in the soil. The relationships among soil CO2 flux, root characteristics, and nitrogen and sterol contents in the roots and soil are discussed. Klíčová slova: ecoystem; CO2; root biomass Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. The relationships of soil CO2 flux with selected Norway spruce root parameters and sterol content in the soil

The flow of CO2 from the soil is a very important part of the carbon cycle in an ecosystem. The aim of our work was to determine how roots and rhizospheric fungi contribute to CO2 flux from the soil. ...

Holub, Filip; Fabiánek, Tomáš; Večeřová, Kristýna; Moos, Martin; Oravec, Michal; Tříska, Jan; Marková, I.; Edwards, Magda; Cudlín, Pavel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2015

AN OUTLINE OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR SUMAVA NP
Dickie, I.; Kindlmann, Pavel; Křenová, Zdeňka
2014 - anglický This analysis briefly compares the economic impacts of three potential future management scenarios for Sumava National Park (NP) in the Czech Republic: (1) continuation of current management, (2) the adoption of draft Bills that would declassify protected areas and enable developments within some of the Park's most valuable habitats for wildlife, (3) the adoption of proposals to expand the wilderness area in the Park's core with associated tourism opportunities. Our preliminary results indicate that the pro-wilderness scenario offers a more economically and environmentally sustainable development plan for the Sumava NP than either the current situation or the plans proposed in draft Bills. It is recommended that proposals in draft Bills should not be pursued at least until a fuller economic evaluation of options has been undertaken. Klíčová slova: Sumava NP; management; proposed bill Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. AN OUTLINE OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR SUMAVA NP

This analysis briefly compares the economic impacts of three potential future management scenarios for Sumava National Park (NP) in the Czech Republic: (1) continuation of current management, (2) the ...

Dickie, I.; Kindlmann, Pavel; Křenová, Zdeňka
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen nutrition and UV-exclusion on yield, aboveground biomass and root development in winter wheat and spring barley
Rattanapichai, W.; Klem, Karel
2014 - anglický Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of elevated concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) (expected by the end of this century700 mu mol mol(-1)) and exclusion of solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of these environmental drivers together with nitrogen application were studied. Aboveground biomass at the time of harvest, grain yield and root area were studied in winter wheat (variety Bohemia) and spring barley (variety Bojos). From three replications of each treatment were the roots of four plants dug out from the soil and gently washed. Photos of roots taken using the digital camera were analysed by image processing software Image J (plugin SmartRoot). The result showed that the elevation of [CO2] increased the above ground biomass and grain yield. High level of nitrogen increased the stimulatory effect of [CO2] on the above-ground biomass and grain yield. Also UV exclusion stimulated the effect of the evaluated [CO2] on above-ground biomass and grain yield. UV exclusion resulted in higher root area than the treatment of non-exclusion of UV. Klíčová slova: atmospheric carbon-dioxide; ultraviolet-b radiation; stomatal conductance; winter wheat; spring barley; elevated CO2 concentration; nitrogen nutrition; UV exclusion; root area Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen nutrition and UV-exclusion on yield, aboveground biomass and root development in winter wheat and spring barley

Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of elevated concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) (expected by the end of this century700 ...

Rattanapichai, W.; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiological parameters and the yield of winter wheat under drought stress
Barányiová, I.; Klem, Karel; Křen, J.
2014 - anglický The field trial aimed to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators in winter wheat under growth stress was conducted in 2013/2014. Within this experiment following growth regulators and fungicide with growth regulation effect were used: Retacel extra R68 (chlormequat chloride 720 g/l), Moddus (trinexapac-ethyl 250 g/l), Cerone (ethephon 480 g/l), Amistar (strobulirin 250 g/l). These growth regulators were applied at growth stages between BBCH 31 and BBCH 59. The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of these regulators on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat when simulating the drought stress using experimental rain-out shelters. The attention was paid to assess the effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiology and the yield of selected varieties of winter wheat under drought stress. From our preliminary results it can be concluded that almost all growth regulators increase the rate of CO2 assimilation and the stomatal conductance. Definitely positive effect on water use efficiency was found in fungicide treatment with growth regulation effect azoxystrobin. Under drought stress the decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves was found. Growth regulators CCC and trinexapac mitigate the decline of chlorophyll content caused by drought in the upper leaves but rather increased the impact in older (lower) leaves. Fungicide azoxystrobin alleviates the decrease of chlorophyll caused by drought in all leaves. The results show that all regulators increased yield, which demonstrate a positive effect under dry conditions because the vegetation season was very dry and lodging did not occur. Furthermore, the most pronounced mitigation of drought stress was found for strobilurin and partly also trinexapac. Results of field experiments can contribute to mitigating the impact of drought on yield formation and quality of winter wheat production in the realization of biological potential of wheat genotypes. Klíčová slova: catharanthus-roseus; tolerance; mefluidide; plant growth regulators; winter wheat; drought stress Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiological parameters and the yield of winter wheat under drought stress

The field trial aimed to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators in winter wheat under growth stress was conducted in 2013/2014. Within this experiment following growth regulators and ...

Barányiová, I.; Klem, Karel; Křen, J.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Estimation of below ground woody biomass in short rotation coppice poplar clone J-105
Tripathi, Abishek; Fischer, Milan; Berhongaray, G.; Orság, Matěj
2014 - anglický Klíčová slova: short rotation coppice; coarse roots; poplar; biomass; South Moravia Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Estimation of below ground woody biomass in short rotation coppice poplar clone J-105

Tripathi, Abishek; Fischer, Milan; Berhongaray, G.; Orság, Matěj
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Current possibilities for quantification and modeling of recreation services
Pechanec, V.; Cudlín, Pavel; Machar, I.; Kilianová, H.
2014 - anglický Ecosystems provide settings for a hugely diverse array of recreational activities. Recreational values are among the most well-recognized of all ecosystem services by the public, and human preferences for recreation have been well-studied by economists and other social scientists. From a spatial perspective, we can map sources of recreational value, sinks of recreational value, users of a particular recreation area for a given activity, and the spatial flow that connects users to specific recreational areas. The text presents two key approaches of modelling tools InVEST and ARIES. Methodological approaches are compared with each other and the requirements for data confronted with national data sources. Klíčová slova: approaches; aries; InVEST; compared Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Current possibilities for quantification and modeling of recreation services

Ecosystems provide settings for a hugely diverse array of recreational activities. Recreational values are among the most well-recognized of all ecosystem services by the public, and human preferences ...

Pechanec, V.; Cudlín, Pavel; Machar, I.; Kilianová, H.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014