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O navrhování v geotechnice podle residuální smykové pevnosti
Koudelka, Petr
2015 - Czech
Příspěvek hodnotí možnosti a efektivitu nové koncepce navrhování na základě reziduální smykové pevnosti. Koncepce návrhů podle reziduální nebo kritické smykové pevnosti není vyzkoušená. K tomu, aby mohla být vyzkoušena a používána, je třeba znalost hodnot residuální smykové pevnosti. V současné době se residuální ani kritické hodnoty v běžné praxi téměř nevyšetřují, i když\njejich znalost může přispět ke spolehlivosti a hospodárnosti návrhů a všeobecně jsou\nprojekčním přínosem. Při návrhu svahů podle residuálních hodnot smykové pevnost, které jsou nejspolehlivější, bude možné stupeň bezpečnosti/součinitele odporu podstatně snížit oproti jeho hodnotám používaným při uvažování vrcholových/efektivních hodnotách. Doporučení jsou součástí tohoto příspěvku. The paper consider on possibility and effectivity of a new concept of ULS design on residual shear strength based. Values of residual shear strength are the most reliable and in opposite, applied peak values of shear strength are the most favorable and applicable for states of small deformations only. The paper presents results of a prior analysis of slope stability and compares designs applying values of residual shear strength and peak shear strength. Some recommendations are included.
Keywords:
residual shear strength; slope stability; peak shear strength
Fulltext is available at external website.
O navrhování v geotechnice podle residuální smykové pevnosti
Příspěvek hodnotí možnosti a efektivitu nové koncepce navrhování na základě reziduální smykové pevnosti. Koncepce návrhů podle reziduální nebo kritické smykové pevnosti není vyzkoušená. K tomu, aby ...
Numerical modelling of a bridge subjected to simultaneous effect of a moving load and a vertical seismic ground excitation
Fischer, Cyril; Fischer, Ondřej; Frýba, Ladislav
2015 - English
A simple beam subjected to a row of regularly distributed moving forces and simultaneous vertical motions of its supports is described using a simplied theoretical model and a nite dierences approach. Several levels of simplication of the structure and input data are supposed. Numerical results conrm legitimacy of the assumptions.
Keywords:
numerical modelling; seismic excitation; moving load
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Numerical modelling of a bridge subjected to simultaneous effect of a moving load and a vertical seismic ground excitation
A simple beam subjected to a row of regularly distributed moving forces and simultaneous vertical motions of its supports is described using a simplied theoretical model and a nite dierences ...
Měření pevnosti a modulu přetvárnosti dřeva v tlaku podél vláken ve vyvrtaném otvoru pomocí roztlačování čelistí malého vloženého lisu
Kloiber, Michal
2015 - Czech
Publikace se věnuje metodickému popisu technického řešení a postupu měření konvenční „smluvní“ pevnosti a modul přetvárnosti dřeva v tlaku podél vláken ve vyvrtaném otvoru pomocí roztlačování čelistí malého vloženého lisu a zatěžování stěn otvoru. Metodika uvádí zásady použití přístroje a vyhodnocení výsledků měření pro využití při průzkumech památkových objektů a přípravě projektů jejich záchrany nebo zhodnocení. V současné době neexistuje žádná jiná metoda umožňující přímo v terénu bez odběru vzorků určovat mechanické vlastnosti dřeva, jako je pevnost a modul pružnosti v tlaku podél vláken. Výzkum proto směřoval k návrhu jednoduché metodiky, prakticky využitelné a aplikovatelné v běžné praxi při stavebně-technických průzkumech dřevěných konstrukcí, zejména památek. Výsledkem je metodika, která respektuje standardy z oblasti ochrany kulturního dědictví, zejména pak požadavek na minimalizaci zásahu do původní hmotné substance, při vysoké spolehlivosti stanovení požadovaných mechanických vlastností dřeva. The publication is dedicated to the methodical description of the technical solution and the measurement of strength and modulus of deformability of wood in compression parallel to the grain in a bored hole by pushing apart grips of a small jack and loading the walls of the hole. The methodology presents the principles of the device usage and measurement result evaluation for the purposes of surveys of historical monuments and projects for their rescue or appreciation. Currently, there is no other method allowing determination of mechanical properties of wood, such as strength and modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to the grain, directly in the field without sampling. Therefore, the research was oriented to the development of a simple method, practically applicable for the purpose of structural-technical surveys of timber structures, in particular historical monuments. The resulting methodology meets the protection of the cultural heritage standards, in particular the requirement to minimize interference with the original material, while retaining high reliability of the determined wood mechanical properties of wood.
Keywords:
timber structures; structural-technical surveys; mechanical properties
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Měření pevnosti a modulu přetvárnosti dřeva v tlaku podél vláken ve vyvrtaném otvoru pomocí roztlačování čelistí malého vloženého lisu
Publikace se věnuje metodickému popisu technického řešení a postupu měření konvenční „smluvní“ pevnosti a modul přetvárnosti dřeva v tlaku podél vláken ve vyvrtaném otvoru pomocí roztlačování čelistí ...
Metodika sledování a hodnocení světelných parametrů a biologických indikátorů vnitřního prostředí depozitářů a expozic
Juliš, Karel; Valach, Jaroslav; Frankl, Jiří; Štefcová, P.; Pech, M.; Kotyk, M.
2015 - Czech
Práce se zabývá problematikou automatizovaného vyhodnocování vybraných fyzikálních a biologických parametrů prostředí muzejních expozic a sbírek. V práci je specifikována jak metodika, tak i konkrétní realizace komponent pro sběr dat, spolu s centrálním sběrným a vyhodnocovacím systémem. Systém je koncipován jako modulární a otevřený, což poskytuje velký prostor pro variabilitu a možnosti přizpůsobení dané konkrétní oblasti muzejních sbírek a expozic. The project focuses on automation of collection and evaluation of given physical and biological parameters of the museum expositions and repositories. There is specified a methodology, together with description of particular hardware components and software central point, which collects and evaluates the information acquired. The system, as a whole, is designed as a modular and open platform, which allows a wide variety of user modifications and customisation to almost any specific museum collection, repository or exhibition.
Keywords:
light parameters; biological indicators; internal environment of depositories and expositions; modular system; hardware; software
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Metodika sledování a hodnocení světelných parametrů a biologických indikátorů vnitřního prostředí depozitářů a expozic
Práce se zabývá problematikou automatizovaného vyhodnocování vybraných fyzikálních a biologických parametrů prostředí muzejních expozic a sbírek. V práci je specifikována jak metodika, tak i konkrétní ...
Changes in dislocation substructure of S235JR steel during fatigue loading
Jandová, D.; Gajdoš, Lubomír; Šperl, Martin; Kaiser, J.
2014 - English
Changes in dislocation substructure were studied in normalized and annealed S235JR steel in relation to the number of symmetrical reversed stress cycles with the amplitude σa = 242 MPa and corresponding mean life Nf = 17,950 cycles. The microstructure of the steel consisted of ferrite with a small amount of pearlite. The substructure was observed in as received condition and after application of various relative numbers of cycles n/Nf, these being 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. An irregular dislocation net occurred in the virgin specimen, however, during cyclic loading the dislocations started to accumulate gradually in slip bands and to form a cell substructure in grains of favourable crystallographic orientations. Total dislocation density, dislocation density in slip bands and inter-band distance were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The total dislocation density was found to slightly decrease and the density in slip bands to increase with increasing number of cycles. The results concerning the dislocation density were compared with changes in the microplastic limit (MPL) which were determined by the measurement of the inductance of the “specimen - coil” system. They consisted in a rapid initial decrease at the first stage of the fatigue process and in a gradual increase during the major part of the life. These changes can be interpreted on the basis of changes in dislocation density as was verified independently by X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation tests. On the basis of the measurement of dislocation density by TEM it appears that changes in MPL can be connected with the dislocation density in slip bands rather than with the total dislocation density.
Keywords:
carbon steel; cyclic loading; transmission electron microscopy; dislocation; inductance
Fulltext is available at external website.
Changes in dislocation substructure of S235JR steel during fatigue loading
Changes in dislocation substructure were studied in normalized and annealed S235JR steel in relation to the number of symmetrical reversed stress cycles with the amplitude σa = 242 MPa and ...
Proceedings of 13th Youth symposium on experimental solid mechanics
Kytýř, Daniel; Zlámal, Petr; Růžička, M.
2014 - English
Proceedings of the 13th Youth Symposium on Experimental Solid Mechanics held in Decin, Czech Republic. The symposium is focused on experimental methods and numerical simulation in engineering sciences. The proceedings capture the trends in development of experimental methods in mechanics of structures and materials (regardless to the material and structure type, covering fields from civil and mechanical engineering to biomechanics) as well as deployment of particular solution for measurement and automation systems for evaluation of experimental data.
Keywords:
solid mechanics; experimental mechanics; mechanical characterization
Fulltext is available at external website.
Proceedings of 13th Youth symposium on experimental solid mechanics
Proceedings of the 13th Youth Symposium on Experimental Solid Mechanics held in Decin, Czech Republic. The symposium is focused on experimental methods and numerical simulation in engineering ...
Assessment of damage propagation in carbon-fibre composite under cyclic loading
Šleichrt, J.; Fíla, T.; Šperl, Martin; Kytýř, Daniel
2014 - English
Carbon-fibre composite is very popular material in aircraft industry. Application of this material is limited by low fragility and low impact resistance. In flight airplane can be initialy damaged by hailstorm or bird strikes. Vibrations of the engine and turbulence during flight may cause propagation of this damage. This study describes the of laser profilometry to investigate post damage under cycling loading.
Keywords:
carbon-fibre composite; damage propagation; laser profilometry
Fulltext is available at external website.
Assessment of damage propagation in carbon-fibre composite under cyclic loading
Carbon-fibre composite is very popular material in aircraft industry. Application of this material is limited by low fragility and low impact resistance. In flight airplane can be initialy damaged ...
On the X-ray micro-tomography measurements of biological samples under compressive loading
Fíla, T.; Kumpová, Ivana; Zlámal, Petr; Kytýř, Daniel; Koudelka_ml., Petr; Doktor, Tomáš; Jiroušek, Ondřej
2014 - English
In this paper, compact loading device for micro-CT measurements under applied load was used in a series of instrumented compressive test of bone sample. Tested bone samples were loaded in several deformation steps and micro-CT scanning was carried out in each step. Reconstructed three-dimensional data of intact bone sample were used to develop 3D model of the specimen. Data from each deformation step were processed by DVC method for identification of displacement and strain fields and thus for evaluation of deformation response of human trabecular bone sample.
Keywords:
micro-tomography; trabecular bone; compressive test; medical imaging; finite element modelling
Fulltext is available at external website.
On the X-ray micro-tomography measurements of biological samples under compressive loading
In this paper, compact loading device for micro-CT measurements under applied load was used in a series of instrumented compressive test of bone sample. Tested bone samples were loaded in several ...
Calibration of an image processing tool for analysis of fibre orientation in fibre reinforced composites
Hos, J.; Doktor, T.; Petráňová, Veronika; Kytýř, Daniel
2014 - English
This paper deals with calculation of fibre orientation distribution (FOD) in fibre reinforced composite. The calculation was based on image analysis algorithm applied on image acquired by scanning electron microscope. A composite with oriented fibres was selected to be enable calibration of the algorithm by comparison of the obtained results with FOD declared by the manufacturer.
Keywords:
C/PPS; fibre orientation; SEM; composite
Fulltext is available at external website.
Calibration of an image processing tool for analysis of fibre orientation in fibre reinforced composites
This paper deals with calculation of fibre orientation distribution (FOD) in fibre reinforced composite. The calculation was based on image analysis algorithm applied on image acquired by scanning ...
New devices for diagnostics of historical structures
Hasníková, Hana; Kloiber, Michal; Zíma, Pavel
2014 - English
Two new devices developed at ITAM AS CR for non-destructive testing of materials, especially from historical structures, are presented below. So called microtube is a semi-automatic portable tool for water absorption measurements. The natural stones, mortars and other porous materials can be measured and it is very useful to assess the efficiency of various hydrophobic treatments used within the restoration also. The diagnostic device for in-situ assessment of timber enables direct determination of conventional compressive strength and modulus of deformation in arbitrary depth along timber profile. The semi-destructive method causes a very gentle damage on the structural members.
Keywords:
historical structures; water absorption measurement; timber assessment
Fulltext is available at external website.
New devices for diagnostics of historical structures
Two new devices developed at ITAM AS CR for non-destructive testing of materials, especially from historical structures, are presented below. So called microtube is a semi-automatic portable tool for ...
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