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Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Háněl, Ladislav
2009 - English
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, linden, larch, pine, and spruce) and one type of spontaneous succession (willow-aspen-birch), each in four replicate sites, were surveyed in March 2005 and in April 2006. In total 174 species and 86 genera were distinguished, more species and genera were found in deciduous than in coniferous plantations. Cluster analyses showed different composition of nematode faunas in those plantations. Co-occurrence of closely related .i.Aporcelaimellus, Helicotylenchus./i. species could suggest their still existing niche overlap in a developing environment whereas niche partitioning probably established between species of the genera .i.Eudorylaimus./i. and .i.Paratylenchus./i..
Keywords:
Nematoda; fauna; niche overlap
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, ...
Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Lozan, Aurel; Spitzer, Karel; Jaroš, Josef
2009 - English
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple confirmation of the origin of the introduced parasitoid (morphology, DNA, ecology) suggests that these opportunistic parasitoids might be a serious danger to native isolated fauna. Such model relationships can be found in isolated paleorefugial habitats of the central European peat bogs, which are historical habitat islands of unique local taxa. A recent discovery of some opportunistic parasitoids attacking tyrphobiontic Lepidoptera in several isolated bogs of South Bohemia suggest these wasps might invade isolated habitats and cause serious population destruction of paleorefugial hosts.
Keywords:
oceanic and habitat islands; peat bogs; Lepidoptera
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple ...
Digestive enzymes in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : a short review
Šustr, Vladimír; Schlick-Steiner, B.C.; Steiner, F. M.
2009 - English
The literature data on the digestive enzymes present in different taxonomic groups of ants are reviewed and their patterns of occurrence across the various groups are tested. Data are available on 32 digestive enzymes from 62 ant species from 15 tribes belonging to seven subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae). Leaf-cutter ants (Myrmicinae, higher Attini) are the best-investigated group. Nearly all analysed enzymes were present in all the species investigated, irrespective of taxonomic group. The only significant difference across taxonomic groups concerns enzymes that attack plant structural polysaccharides (cellulases, pectinase, xylanase). These were more frequent in leaf-cutter ants than in other groups. To detect potential additional differences between groups differing in their feeding habits, more comprehensive qualitative data acquisition will be necessary.
Keywords:
bark; ciliates; decaying wood mass
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Digestive enzymes in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : a short review
The literature data on the digestive enzymes present in different taxonomic groups of ants are reviewed and their patterns of occurrence across the various groups are tested. Data are available on 32 ...
Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Jínová, Kristýna
2009 - English
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study was to describe the collembolan distribution among the horizons in the present beech and spruce forest soils and to find out which species were dominant in the individual soil layers. Ten soil samples (each of 10 cm.sup.2./sup., 15 cm deep) were collected in beech and spruce forest on the Kleť Mt. in December 2004. They were divided into 5 sub-samples: litter + 0-1 cm of soil; 1-2, 2-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm and extracted separately in high-gradient Tullgren apparatus. In total, 40 species were found at both sites (31 in the beech and 28 in the spruce forest). The highest number of species was found in the upper layer (litter layer + 0-1 cm) of soil, 84 % of species in the beech forest and 64 % in the spruce forest.
Keywords:
Collembola; vertical distribution; beech forest
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study ...
Seasonal development and vertical distribution of soil rotifer populations in South-Bohemian beech forest
Devetter, Miloslav
2009 - English
The soil rotifer community in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia was investigated during 2005 focusing on seasonal and vertical distribution changes. Samples 10 cm.sup.2./sup. large and 10 cm in depth were divided into 5 layers, which were processed separately. Altogether 31 rotifer species were determined during the investigation, of these 9 species were monogononts, while the rest were bdelloids. The most important species were .i.Encentrum arvicola, Wierzejskiella vagneri./i. among the monogononts and .i.Adineta steineri, Ceratotrocha cornigera, Habrotrocha filum, H. ligula, Macrotrachela plicata, Mniobia tentans, M. incrassata, M. granulosa./i. among the bdelloids. Mean Shannon diversity index varied from 1.99 to 2.63. Total rotifer abundance varied from 212 (± 63) to 513 (± 127) 10.sup.3./sup. ind. m.sup.-2./sup. year-round, with the highest numbers found in May, while the lowest were in July.
Keywords:
soil; rotifer community; bdelloids
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Seasonal development and vertical distribution of soil rotifer populations in South-Bohemian beech forest
The soil rotifer community in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia was investigated during 2005 focusing on seasonal and vertical distribution changes. Samples 10 cm.sup.2./sup. large and 10 cm in ...
Cultivated and wild growing forage crops – reservoirs of viruses and phytoplasmas
Fránová, Jana; Petrzik, Karel; Jakešová, H.; Bečková, M.; Sarkisova, Tatiana
2009 - English
Symptoms of mosaic, yellowing/reddening, phyllody, necrosis and dwarf have been observed in cultivated as well as wild growing forage crops. Red clover mottle virus (RCMV, Comovirus), clover yellow vein virus (Potyvirus), potato virus X, white clover mosaic virus (WClMV, Potexvirus), alfalfa latent and pea streak viruses (Carlavirus), new members of genus Cytorhabdovirus and Carlavirus were identified by sequencing. Bacilliform particles (ca 213 – 533 nm by 44 – 58 nm) of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, WClMV, alfalfa mosaic virus (Alfamovirus) and particles resembling members of the genus Badnavirus were observed on negatively stained preparations and ultrathin sections by electron microscopy and mechanically transmitted to host plants. WClMV, RCMV, bean yellow mosaic virus and new member of Potyviridae family were determined in wild growing plants. The occurrence of phytoplasmas belonging to different 16S ribosomal subgroups was confirmed (16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrX-A, 16SrXII-A).
Keywords:
symptoms; electron microscopy; biological and molecular identification
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Cultivated and wild growing forage crops – reservoirs of viruses and phytoplasmas
Symptoms of mosaic, yellowing/reddening, phyllody, necrosis and dwarf have been observed in cultivated as well as wild growing forage crops. Red clover mottle virus (RCMV, Comovirus), clover yellow ...
Note to the effects of environmental conditions on the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae
Papáček, M.; Ditrich, T.; Soldán, Tomáš; Zahrádková, S.
2009 - English
The aim of this study was to find out what abiotic environmental variables are related to the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Samples and abiotic environmental data sets obtained by extensive monitoring of Labe, Vltava and Danube river basin in the Czech Republic were sorted and analysed by Redundancy analysis (RDA). Results of RDA did not offer transparent response on our question. The reason is probably too rough scaling of environmental variables used commonly by hydrobiologist for monitoring of benthos in running waters. More detailed design of fieldwork is probably necessary for a better solution of question mentioned above.
Keywords:
Aphelocheirus aestivalis; habitats; abiotic environmental variables
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Note to the effects of environmental conditions on the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae
The aim of this study was to find out what abiotic environmental variables are related to the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Samples and abiotic environmental data sets ...
Palingenia longicauda (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera, Palingeniidae): Do refugia in the Danube basin still work?
Soldán, Tomáš; Godunko, Roman J.; Zahrádková, S.; Sroka, Pavel
2009 - English
Palingenia longicauda (OLIVIER, 1791), a well-known species of mayfly belongsto the most critically endangered species of the Ephemeroptera in Europe. It represents the Pontic faunistic element of the expansive type originally distributed in almost all great and numerous middle-sized European rivers in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Rumania, Slovakia, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. At present, the species is extinct or at least missing at most of its original area except for relatively small refugia in the Tisza basin in Hungary and probably also Slovakia and Ukraine. Distribution of P. longicauda is discussed and a new subarea in the Danube delta in Rumania (locality near Murighiol, stretch of the Bratul Sfintu Gheoghe) is documented for the first time. The nature of a new occurrence is discussed – it might represent either a new, still unknown refuge and/or recovery of the original population(s) caused by downstream drift.
Keywords:
Ephemeroptera; Palingenia; Europe
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Palingenia longicauda (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera, Palingeniidae): Do refugia in the Danube basin still work?
Palingenia longicauda (OLIVIER, 1791), a well-known species of mayfly belongsto the most critically endangered species of the Ephemeroptera in Europe. It represents the Pontic faunistic element of the ...
Impact of ungulate browsing on leaf litter palatability for millipedes (Diplopoda)
Ashili, P.; Tajovský, Karel; Tuf, I.H.; Tufová, J.
2009 - English
Millipedes were used as a model group of decomposers for experimental study focusing on this aspect of ungulate - plant - soil invertebrate relationship. Leaf litter and millipedes (.i.Glomeris klugii, Glomeris hexasticha, Glomeris connexa, Julus scandinavius, Leptoiulus proximus, Megaphyllum projectum, Unciger foetidus./i.) were collected at forest localities in the Křivoklátsko PLA and BR, Czech Republic. Palatability of leaves from two different plots was compared. Leaf litter of beech (.i.Fagus silvatica./i.) and hornbeam (.i.Carpinus betulus./i.) was collected in autumn and spring in both plots and used in laboratory tests with millipedes. Consumption differed significantly between the individual experiments. Millipedes preferred hornbeam leaf litter over beech leaves, leaf litter from the fenced plot over that from the grazed plot, and fresh litter over old, overwintered leaves. Mnohonožky byly použity jako modelová skupina dekompozitorů pro experimentální studium zaměřené na vztahy mezi spárkatou zvěří, rostlinami a půdními bezobratlými. Listový opad a mnohonožky (.i.Glomeris klugii, Glomeris hexasticha, Glomeris connexa, Julus scandinavius, Leptoiulus proximus, Megaphyllum projectum, Unciger foetidus./i.) byly sbírány v lesních porostech CHKO Křivoklátsko. Byla porovnávána chutnost listového opadu z oplocených a otevřených lesních ploch. Listový opad buku (.i.Fagus silvatica./i.) a habru (.i.Carpinus betulus./i.) sbíraný na podzim a na jaře na obou typech ploch byl použit v laboratorních testech s mnohonožkami. Konzumace opadu se signifikantně lišila v rámci jednotlivých variant pokusu. Mnohonožky preferovaly habrový opad před bukovým, opad z oplocených ploch před opadem z otevřených ploch a čerstvý opad před starým opadem po přezimování.
Keywords:
food preference; millipedes; leaf litter
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Impact of ungulate browsing on leaf litter palatability for millipedes (Diplopoda)
Millipedes were used as a model group of decomposers for experimental study focusing on this aspect of ungulate - plant - soil invertebrate relationship. Leaf litter and millipedes (.i.Glomeris ...
Interactions between the soil micro-flora and invertebrates in Slovak and Moravian caves
Lukešová, Alena; Nováková, Alena
2009 - English
The role of microflora as food for soil invertebrates is well documented. However, data on interactions between communities of organisms living in caves are very limited. Three caves of the Slovak Karst NP (Domica Cave, Dlhá Chodba Cave, Ardovská Cave) and the Amatérská Cave (Moravian Karst) were selected for this study because from visual observations, it was clear that there was some invertebrate activity. The aim of the study was to compare the communities of algae, cyanobacteria and microscopic fungi developing in excrements of cave invertebrates and in the surrounding cave sediment. The richest communities of both algae and microfungi were found in earthworm casts, containing up to two fold more species than in the surrounding sediment (73 species of microscopic fungi in the casts compared to 37 in surrounding cave sediment in the Domica Cave, and 45 vs. 27 species of algae in the Dlhá Chodba Cave).
Keywords:
microfungi; cyanobacteria; algae
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Interactions between the soil micro-flora and invertebrates in Slovak and Moravian caves
The role of microflora as food for soil invertebrates is well documented. However, data on interactions between communities of organisms living in caves are very limited. Three caves of the Slovak ...
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