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Fatigue crack initiation and growth in 316L steel in torsional cyclic loading
Karol, Michal; Chlupová, Alice; Mazánová, Veronika; Kruml, Tomáš
2017 - English
Fatigue crack initiation and growth study in 316L austenitic stainless steel was made in cyclic\ntorsion. The experiments on hollow cylindrical specimens were performed at room temperature using fully reversed shear strain controlled cycles. The specimens used were polished mechanically and electrolytically to enable surface damage and crack propagation observation using optical light microscope, SEM. It was found that high density of extrusions and intrusions are formed on the specimen surface due to cyclic loading. TEM observations revealed that dislocation arrangement in well-known ladder-like structure is responsible for the localization of cyclic plastic deformation and for the origin of surface roughness in which the fatigue crack nucleate. The path of fatigue cracks leading to failure was observed, too. The crack path\nwas found to be dependent upon the applied shear strain amplitude.
Keywords:
316L austenitic steel; fatigue crack initiation; Crack growth; Torsional loading; Crack path
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Fatigue crack initiation and growth in 316L steel in torsional cyclic loading
Fatigue crack initiation and growth study in 316L austenitic stainless steel was made in cyclic\ntorsion. The experiments on hollow cylindrical specimens were performed at room temperature using fully ...
NUMERICAL SUPPORT FOR STUDY OF STRESS RATIO EFFECT ON FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR IN THREE POINT BEND SPECIMEN MADE FROM VIBRATED CONCRETE
Seitl, Stanislav; Thienpont, T.
2016 - English
The fatigue behaviour of concrete has become more important for the design of structures due to more slender/slim structures, which are more sensitive to fatigue loading, or due to wind turbines, which are typically exposed to high-fatigue loading. The fatigue behaviour of concrete was investigated with respect to the influence of various stress ratios. Pilot analysis of fatigue crack propagation rate in three-point bend specimens made from ordinary vibrated concrete was done.
Keywords:
Stress intensity factor; fatigue crack; Paris-Erdogan law; concrete; FEM; stress ratio
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
NUMERICAL SUPPORT FOR STUDY OF STRESS RATIO EFFECT ON FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR IN THREE POINT BEND SPECIMEN MADE FROM VIBRATED CONCRETE
The fatigue behaviour of concrete has become more important for the design of structures due to more slender/slim structures, which are more sensitive to fatigue loading, or due to wind turbines, ...
Changes in structure and phase composition in the surface of tram rail
Švábenská, Eva; Roupcová, Pavla; Schneeweiss, Oldřich
2016 - English
We have investigated structure and phase composition of surface layer of tram rails after long time running and the results were compared with those obtained on the original part of material. Changes due to effects of severe plastic deformation together with thermal shocks by friction process were expected. The information about structure and phase composition was obtained by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Glow Discharge Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and this was completed by microhardness measurements. The results show that the surface layer in comparison with the original material exhibits important changes in grain structure, an increase in microhardness and high content of iron oxide and hydrooxides. According to the depth profile of the chemical composition measured by GDOES there is an increase in carbon content in the surface layer which can be effect of up-hill diffusion.
Keywords:
tram rail; microstructure analysis; surface
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Changes in structure and phase composition in the surface of tram rail
We have investigated structure and phase composition of surface layer of tram rails after long time running and the results were compared with those obtained on the original part of material. Changes ...
Fatigue crack growth in 316L under uniaxial and torsional loading
Karol, Michal; Chlupová, Alice; Mazánová, Veronika; Kruml, Tomáš
2016 - English
A study of fatigue crack initiation and growth in 316L austenitic stainless steel is reported. Fatigue experiments were performed at room temperature on full cylindrical specimens cycled axially (tension-compression) and on hollow cylindrical specimens tested in reversed torsion. Microstructure and damage evolution (crack initiation and growth) on the surface of mechanically and electrolytically polished specimens were observed using light and electron microscopy. An analysis of the orientation of microcracks and macrocracks which led to failure was made. Axially loaded specimens exhibited presence of several microcracks which resulted in macrocrack propagating perpendicularly to specimen axis. In the case of torsional loading, orientation of macrocrack propagation was dependent on applied load and presence of notches. High amount of short cracks initiated parallel to specimen axis. Long cracks exhibited a tendency to bifurcate with crack branches oriented at approximately 45° to the specimen axis.
Keywords:
316L austenitic steel; surface relief; fatigue
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Fatigue crack growth in 316L under uniaxial and torsional loading
A study of fatigue crack initiation and growth in 316L austenitic stainless steel is reported. Fatigue experiments were performed at room temperature on full cylindrical specimens cycled axially ...
HYDROGEN ABSORPTION IN A-Co30Fe55B15
Čermák, Jiří; Král, Lubomír; Roupcová, Pavla
2016 - English
Hydrogen solved in amorphous alloys (AAs) influences their magnetic characteristics. AAs are also perspective\nas additives that can improve hydrogen storage kinetic in certain types of ball-milled hydrogen storage\nmaterials (HSMs). Therefore, knowledge of hydrogen solubility and hydrogen sorption kinetics in AAs are of a\ngreat importance for aimed design both AAs with optimal magnetic parameters and HSMs with desired sorption\ncharacteristics. In the present paper, amorphous alloy Co30Fe55B15 (an example of the type a-TM1xTM2y Bz ;\nTM - transition metal) was investigated. Hydrogen concentration c H was measured by Sieverts method in\ntemperature interval from T = 150 °C to T = 350 °C under hydrogen pressure p up to 6 MPa. It was found that\nc H was an increasing function of p and its maximum value was typically 0.5 wt.% H2 at 350 °C and 6 MPa.\nHowever, when the alloy was preliminary hydrogen charged (PHC), the pressure dependence of total c Htot in\nthe first absorption cycle(s) is non-monotonous in dependence on PHC conditions. For the sake of comparison,\nthe same absorption characteristics were measured also in Mg2Ni intermetallic that is a common constituent\nin Mg-based HSMs. Comparing Co30Fe55B15 and Mg2Ni, it was concluded that Co30Fe55B15 shows lower\nhydrogen solubility, but much better absorption kinetics.
Keywords:
absorption, Co 30 Fe 55 B 15; Hydrogen; Co30Fe55B15
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
HYDROGEN ABSORPTION IN A-Co30Fe55B15
Hydrogen solved in amorphous alloys (AAs) influences their magnetic characteristics. AAs are also perspective\nas additives that can improve hydrogen storage kinetic in certain types of ball-milled ...
INFLUENCE OF LASER CUTTING AND PUNCHING ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES\nOF ELECTRICAL STEEL M470-50A
Bulín, Tomáš; Švábenská, Eva; Hapla, Miroslav; Ondrůšek, Č.; Schneeweiss, Oldřich
2016 - English
Electrical steel M470-50A belongs to the most often used materials in electrical machines. Due to this fact, it is desirable to know the magnetic parameters after processing raw sheets into the required shape. Basic parameters of mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of the sheets are usually obtained from the producer but the magnetic properties are changing in dependence on additional machining processes. The aim of this study is to describe changes in parameters of magnetic behavior after punching, laser and spark cutting of the original sheets. The basic information of structure was obtained by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic parameters were acquired from the measuring of magnetic hysteresis loops in dependence on saturation fields and frequencies. The results are discussed from the point of view of applied\ncutting technology with the aim to obtain the best magnetic parameters and consequently a higher efficiency of the final product. Results can be used as input parameters in simulation of the electrical machine.
Keywords:
magnetic properties; M470-50A steel; laser cutting; punching; spark cutting
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
INFLUENCE OF LASER CUTTING AND PUNCHING ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES\nOF ELECTRICAL STEEL M470-50A
Electrical steel M470-50A belongs to the most often used materials in electrical machines. Due to this fact, it is desirable to know the magnetic parameters after processing raw sheets into the ...
HYDROGENATION PROPERTIES OF BALL-MILLED Mg-Ti-C-Zr COMPOSITE
Král, Lubomír; Čermák, Jiří; Roupcová, Pavla
2016 - English
The hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-Ti-Zr-C composite (1.8 wt.% Ti, 1.9 wt.% Zr and 0.2 wt.% C) were investigated. It has been previously shown, that the addition of Ti, Zr and C improved its storage properties. This beneficial effect of additives upon hydrogen storage properties can be explained by catalysis by the particles rich in Ti or Zr located on the surface of Mg grains. They provide effective pathways for the hydrogen diffusion into the MgH2. The morphological and microstructural characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction. The hydrogen sorption was measured by Sieverts method using Setaram PCT-Pro device. In this paper, sorption behaviour of the composite after ball-milling and after aging on the air was compared. The ball-milled composite adsorbed 3.5 wt.% H2 within 10 min at 623 K. However, hydrogen storage capacity of the composite aged on the air for 7 months remarkably decreased: The aged composite adsorbed within 10 min only 2 wt.% H2 at 623 K and the sorption capacity decreased from 4.7 wt.% H2 to 2.1 wt.% H2.
Keywords:
hydrides; hydrogen storage; Mg-alloys
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
HYDROGENATION PROPERTIES OF BALL-MILLED Mg-Ti-C-Zr COMPOSITE
The hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-Ti-Zr-C composite (1.8 wt.% Ti, 1.9 wt.% Zr and 0.2 wt.% C) were investigated. It has been previously shown, that the addition of Ti, Zr and C ...
Ab initio study of {101-2} twinning transition in magnesium
Káňa, Tomáš; Ostapovets, Andriy
2016 - English
Twinning is an important deformation mode in materials with the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures. The shear deformation combined with shuffling of atomic planes can lead to a transition between the Mg hcp structure and a twinned hcp structure. Studying such a transition by means of ab initio methods should bring more insight into the twinning mechanism in magnesium where the {1012} planes are the twinning planes. Comparison of ab initio results with those obtained using the semi-empirical embedded atom method is provided. It can help improve the fitted parameters of the embedded atom method.
Keywords:
Ab initio; Magnesium; Shear deformation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Ab initio study of {101-2} twinning transition in magnesium
Twinning is an important deformation mode in materials with the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures. The shear deformation combined with shuffling of atomic planes can lead to a transition between ...
NUMERICAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIMEN LOADED BY BENDING AND WEDGE SPLITTING FORCES FOR MEASUREMENT OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Seitl, Stanislav; Liedo, R.; Holušová, T.
2016 - English
Fracture mechanical properties of silicate based materials are performed from various fracture mechanicals tests. For evaluation of parameters, the knowledge about calibration and compliance function is so important. Therefore, in contribution the compliance and calibration curves for a novel test based on combination wedge splitting test (WST) and three-point bend test (3PBT) are introduced. These selected variants exhibit significantly various stress state conditions at the crack tip, or, more generally, in the whole specimen ligament.
Keywords:
Stress intensity factor; T-stress, constraint; wedge splitting test; three-point bend test; compliance function; COD
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
NUMERICAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIMEN LOADED BY BENDING AND WEDGE SPLITTING FORCES FOR MEASUREMENT OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Fracture mechanical properties of silicate based materials are performed from various fracture mechanicals tests. For evaluation of parameters, the knowledge about calibration and compliance function ...
Microstructural Study and Analysis of Hard Zinc
Luptáková, Natália; Pešlová, F.; Stodola, P.; Stodola, J.
2015 - English
The presented work is focused on the character and morphology of the input material for the production of metallic zinc which is used in the production of ZnO through indirect pyrometallurgical processes. The input material is the key parameter in the production of high-quality zinc oxide. For the prediction of a complex production process when problematic situation may occur, the systematic analysis of the input zinc raw materials is needed. Undesirable phases in the feedstock can be identified through profound recognition of the source material and the nature of its microstructure. Chemical composition of zinc metal and zinc additives helps to detect the phases occurring in the matrix. Undesirable phases in the feedstock can form hard and brittle compounds. If these compounds diffuse into the lining during thermal processes, they become the cause of stress in metallurgical ceramics. From the microstructure viewpoint, the heterogeneity of the grain size, various morphology of intermediate phases, their layout, arrangement, etc. can be expected. The results obtained by analysis are used to minimize waste-zinc slag and to eliminate the conditions which enable the formation of the undesired product, thereby increasing the productivity of the zinc oxide production. Moreover, another important knowledge could be used for modernization and effective the process of industrial production of ZnO in practical application in military technologies.
Keywords:
zinc; zinc oxide; pyrometallurgical process; metallurgy; structural phase; intermediate phase; residual elements
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Microstructural Study and Analysis of Hard Zinc
The presented work is focused on the character and morphology of the input material for the production of metallic zinc which is used in the production of ZnO through indirect pyrometallurgical ...
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