Effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiological parameters and the yield of winter wheat under drought stress
Barányiová, I.; Klem, Karel; Křen, J.
2014 - anglický The field trial aimed to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators in winter wheat under growth stress was conducted in 2013/2014. Within this experiment following growth regulators and fungicide with growth regulation effect were used: Retacel extra R68 (chlormequat chloride 720 g/l), Moddus (trinexapac-ethyl 250 g/l), Cerone (ethephon 480 g/l), Amistar (strobulirin 250 g/l). These growth regulators were applied at growth stages between BBCH 31 and BBCH 59. The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of these regulators on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat when simulating the drought stress using experimental rain-out shelters. The attention was paid to assess the effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiology and the yield of selected varieties of winter wheat under drought stress. From our preliminary results it can be concluded that almost all growth regulators increase the rate of CO2 assimilation and the stomatal conductance. Definitely positive effect on water use efficiency was found in fungicide treatment with growth regulation effect azoxystrobin. Under drought stress the decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves was found. Growth regulators CCC and trinexapac mitigate the decline of chlorophyll content caused by drought in the upper leaves but rather increased the impact in older (lower) leaves. Fungicide azoxystrobin alleviates the decrease of chlorophyll caused by drought in all leaves. The results show that all regulators increased yield, which demonstrate a positive effect under dry conditions because the vegetation season was very dry and lodging did not occur. Furthermore, the most pronounced mitigation of drought stress was found for strobilurin and partly also trinexapac. Results of field experiments can contribute to mitigating the impact of drought on yield formation and quality of winter wheat production in the realization of biological potential of wheat genotypes. Klíčová slova: catharanthus-roseus; tolerance; mefluidide; plant growth regulators; winter wheat; drought stress Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiological parameters and the yield of winter wheat under drought stress

The field trial aimed to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators in winter wheat under growth stress was conducted in 2013/2014. Within this experiment following growth regulators and ...

Barányiová, I.; Klem, Karel; Křen, J.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Estimation of below ground woody biomass in short rotation coppice poplar clone J-105
Tripathi, Abishek; Fischer, Milan; Berhongaray, G.; Orság, Matěj
2014 - anglický Klíčová slova: short rotation coppice; coarse roots; poplar; biomass; South Moravia Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Estimation of below ground woody biomass in short rotation coppice poplar clone J-105

Tripathi, Abishek; Fischer, Milan; Berhongaray, G.; Orság, Matěj
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Current possibilities for quantification and modeling of recreation services
Pechanec, V.; Cudlín, Pavel; Machar, I.; Kilianová, H.
2014 - anglický Ecosystems provide settings for a hugely diverse array of recreational activities. Recreational values are among the most well-recognized of all ecosystem services by the public, and human preferences for recreation have been well-studied by economists and other social scientists. From a spatial perspective, we can map sources of recreational value, sinks of recreational value, users of a particular recreation area for a given activity, and the spatial flow that connects users to specific recreational areas. The text presents two key approaches of modelling tools InVEST and ARIES. Methodological approaches are compared with each other and the requirements for data confronted with national data sources. Klíčová slova: approaches; aries; InVEST; compared Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Current possibilities for quantification and modeling of recreation services

Ecosystems provide settings for a hugely diverse array of recreational activities. Recreational values are among the most well-recognized of all ecosystem services by the public, and human preferences ...

Pechanec, V.; Cudlín, Pavel; Machar, I.; Kilianová, H.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2014

Precipitation variability in the czech land since ad 1500. How strong is the signal contained within documentary sources?
Dobrovolný, Petr; Brázdil, Rudolf; Trnka, Miroslav; Kotyza, O.; Valášek, H.
2013 - anglický Past climate may be reconstructed from a number of proxies. Some of them are “natural archives”, such as tree rings, ice cores and boreholes, most of which are sensitive to air temperature. Other valuable information can be also found in “man-made archives”. Various sources of documentary data very oft en refer not only to temperature but also to other aspects of past weather and climate, such as dry and wet periods. We use the long and homogeneous precipitation series from the recent instrumental period to calibrate precipitation indices derived from older documentary sources. Th e primary objective of this contribution is to provide a quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in the Czech Lands for the last 500 years. Calibration and verifi cation statistics are used to evaluate the strength of the signal. Reconstructed precipitation series are compared with similar Central European documentary-based reconstructions, as well as with reconstructions based on a range of natural proxies. Klíčová slova: documentary evidence; precipitation; reconstruction; Czech Lands Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Precipitation variability in the czech land since ad 1500. How strong is the signal contained within documentary sources?

Past climate may be reconstructed from a number of proxies. Some of them are “natural archives”, such as tree rings, ice cores and boreholes, most of which are sensitive to air temperature. Other ...

Dobrovolný, Petr; Brázdil, Rudolf; Trnka, Miroslav; Kotyza, O.; Valášek, H.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013

Comparison of eddy covariance and bowen ratio energy balance method. Energy balance cloruse versus bowen ratio similarity assumption
Fischer, Milan; Trnka, Miroslav; Pozníková, Gabriela; Sedlák, Pavel; Orság, Matěj; Kučera, J.; Žalud, Z.
2013 - anglický The Bowen ratio and the Monin-Obukhov similarity principles are based on the assumption that the eddy diff usivities for temperature and humidity are equal to each other under all atmospheric stratifi cations within turbulent surface boundary layer. However, several authors reported that this equality was violated under advective inversion or during the non-stationary conditions due to clouds passing by and sudden change of wind speed and direction. Th e inequality of the eddy diff usivity can lead to errors in the energy partitioning estimates by gradient techniques like the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) and the aerodynamical method, or methods based on residual energy balance such as the Penman-Monteith or Priestley-Taylor models. Th is study investigates two seasons of simultaneous measurement by eddy covariance (EC) and BREB above a high density poplar plantation at the Domanínek locality. Th e direct measurement of eddy diff usivities by EC is reinvestigating the validity of the long term measurement (since 2008) by BREB. Results showed unequal exchange coeffi cients with their mean 0.31 to 0.35 m2 s-1 for 2011 and 2012, respectively, favouring the transport of latent heat. Th is might be explained by the diff erent footprints of the BREB and EC methods, an undeveloped internal boundary layer or instrumental errors. Klíčová slova: eddy covariance; Bowen ratio energy balance method; eddy exchange coefficient; energy balance closure Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Comparison of eddy covariance and bowen ratio energy balance method. Energy balance cloruse versus bowen ratio similarity assumption

The Bowen ratio and the Monin-Obukhov similarity principles are based on the assumption that the eddy diff usivities for temperature and humidity are equal to each other under all atmospheric ...

Fischer, Milan; Trnka, Miroslav; Pozníková, Gabriela; Sedlák, Pavel; Orság, Matěj; Kučera, J.; Žalud, Z.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013

Determination of errors in energy flux estimates using the bowen ratio energy balance method
Pozníková, G.; Fischer, Milan; Trnka, Miroslav; Žalud, Zdeněk
2013 - anglický The Bowen ratio energy balance method (BREB) is based on the measurement of air temperature and humidity gradients in at least two vertical levels above the surface of interest. So far, there have been a limited number of studies dealing with the footprint of the BREB. Staying conservative, many authors used the upper sensor of the BREB as a single point to determine the footprint of the BREB. In fact, the footprint of the fl uxes rather should be explained as a source area of the single point measurement carried out somewhere between the two BREB levels. It was suggested that this single point lies close to the geometrical mean of the two aero dynamical heights. However, there has still been no consensus regarding if this apparent height is fi xed or not, and if the second is true, whether it is a function of the Bowen ratio itself. Th e submitted study deals with the footprint of the BREB using several BREB experiments above various covers with diff erent fetches. Moreover, by simulating diff erent Bowen ratios between the area of interest and the contaminating area we attempt to investigate for which conditions (dry or wet) and type of transition (from drier to wetter or vice versa) the method is more sensitive to the limited fetch. Klíčová slova: Bowen ratio energy balance method; footprint; limited fetch; energy fluxes; poplar plantation; grassland Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Determination of errors in energy flux estimates using the bowen ratio energy balance method

The Bowen ratio energy balance method (BREB) is based on the measurement of air temperature and humidity gradients in at least two vertical levels above the surface of interest. So far, there have ...

Pozníková, G.; Fischer, Milan; Trnka, Miroslav; Žalud, Zdeněk
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013

Zonation of NP as an important tool of nature conservation: consequences of fragmentation of zonatio in Šumava NP
Křenová, Zdeňka
2013 - anglický The Šumava NP zonation has been debated since the very establishment of the National park and refl ects the views and opinions on nature conservation principles among various groups of experts. Th e fi rst zonation developed in 1991 fully respected the original intention of the goals of the National park, i.e. leaving space for spontaneous processes in nature. In 1995, the zonation was dramatically changed, because the NP’s senior managers supported the opinion that a European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) outbreak can be reduced only by forest management measures, i.e. by extensive felling. Th us, only 13 % of the NP’s territory was within the Zone I and was fragmented into 135 patches, which was strongly criticized by experts. Th e necessity to adopt the new zonation graduated aft er the hurricane Kyrill in 2007, when large parts of fragmented forests were destroyed by wind. A new proposal for delineating the Zone I is based on botanical, forest management and zoological criteria, carefully assessing the NP’s values. Th e proposed Zone I covers 39.2 % of the NP territory and is distributed into 10 units. Th e proposal was delivered as a background for a working group draft ing a New Act on Šumava NP on behalf of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. Good zonation of NPs is concluded to be an important tool of nature conservation but respect for legislation, international NP principles, and current scientifi c knowledge should be the main rule for responsible decision making in protected areas and biodiversity conservation. Klíčová slova: zonation; management of national park; transboundary protected area; Natura 2000 Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Zonation of NP as an important tool of nature conservation: consequences of fragmentation of zonatio in Šumava NP

The Šumava NP zonation has been debated since the very establishment of the National park and refl ects the views and opinions on nature conservation principles among various groups of experts. Th e ...

Křenová, Zdeňka
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013

Mathematical methods of modelling the morphology of spruce trees
Janoutová, Růžena; Novotný, Jan; Pivovarník, Marek; Zemek, František
2013 - anglický Radiative transfer (RT) models are simulation tools which can be used to quantify relationships between vegetation canopy properties and observed remotely sensed data. Th is study aims at creating a spruce tree growth model as a key input for use in RT models. Th e spruce tree model is built on data obtained from terrestrial laser scanning of spruce trees. Each tree model is unique. Th is uniqueness is achieved by using L-systems which are able to simulate natural randomness while complying with the given tree parameters. L-systems are established on a theory of grammar that enables rewriting a string of symbols according to specifi ed rewriting rules. In practice, our tree models are generated in Blender visualization soft ware, implementing an algorithm written in Python. Th e algorithm generates the basic parameters of the whole tree and then creates the parameters of the spruce trunk and initial branches. Th e parameters are generated randomly within a range that is calculated from measured data. Th en each branch is grown on the basis of annual increments defi ned by fi eld measurements. Tree needles are distributed with respect to the age of individual branches; therefore, the needles have diff erent colours according to their age. Cones and faces are graphical representations of the spruce model. Branches are represented by cones and needles are represented by faces around the branches. Th e faces are transparent, thus simulating light transmittance in-between the needles. The whole model is highly computationally demanding, especially with respect to computer memory. Klíčová slova: 3-D spruce model; L-system; radiative transfer Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Mathematical methods of modelling the morphology of spruce trees

Radiative transfer (RT) models are simulation tools which can be used to quantify relationships between vegetation canopy properties and observed remotely sensed data. Th is study aims at creating a ...

Janoutová, Růžena; Novotný, Jan; Pivovarník, Marek; Zemek, František
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013

Co-registration of chlorophyll fluorescence emission and 3D models of plants
Ryba, Tomáš; Železný, Miloš
2013 - anglický Chlorophyll fl uorescence is a powerful optical reporter signal yielding information about modulation of light use effi ciency. In standard imaging applications, fl uorescence transients are captured in 2 spatial dimensions and in time. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to combine the information obtained in the 2D-t format with the 3D reconstruction of the entire plant using a process called co-registration. Two diff erent approaches to co-registration are presented here. Th e fi rst one is based on an image registration method, where the precise transformation parameters are iteratively estimated. Th is approach assumes that the initial position of a scanner is known and thus makes the method less general. To remove this assumption, a second approach can be used, which is based on analysis of a known calibration object. Th ere is no need to re-calibrate the system between individual measurements. Klíčová slova: chlorophyll fluorescence; 3D model of plant; co-registration; image registration; calibration object Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Co-registration of chlorophyll fluorescence emission and 3D models of plants

Chlorophyll fl uorescence is a powerful optical reporter signal yielding information about modulation of light use effi ciency. In standard imaging applications, fl uorescence transients are captured ...

Ryba, Tomáš; Železný, Miloš
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013

Valutation of ecosystem services provided by habitat on the basis of biodiversity characteristics and the rate and sustainability of selected ecosystem functions
Cudlín, Pavel; Prokopová, Marcela; Cudlín, O.
2013 - anglický Increasing human impacts on ecosystems result in a continuous decrease in biodiversity; scientists try to estimate the consequences in ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service (ES) provision. A suitable space framework to study this relationship could be the habitat and its relative value expressed by the monetary valuation of a selected fi nal ES. A cross connection of the methods for ecosystem functioning assessment with biodiversity valuation of habitats would enable an estimation of the role of biodiversity in ES provision. It is necessary to identify not only present functioning, described by eff ect traits, but also its sustainability under global environmental change conditions, described by response traits. Th is approach could reveal the resilience and adaptation potential of present habitats to environmental change and subsequently potential changes in ES provision. Klíčová slova: ecosystem services; biodiversity characteristics; ecosystem functions Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Valutation of ecosystem services provided by habitat on the basis of biodiversity characteristics and the rate and sustainability of selected ecosystem functions

Increasing human impacts on ecosystems result in a continuous decrease in biodiversity; scientists try to estimate the consequences in ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service (ES) provision. A ...

Cudlín, Pavel; Prokopová, Marcela; Cudlín, O.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2013