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Analysis of textile waste streams in the Czech Republic
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
2022 - anglický
Our results confirm that the Czech Republic is not well prepared to fulfill the ambitious goals of the CEAP in respect to textile waste because of continually growing volumes of this type of the waste and hardly available official data about its production, lack of recycling technologies and obsolete waste collection system.\n
Klíčová slova:
textile waste streams; analysis; new waste treatment law
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Analysis of textile waste streams in the Czech Republic
Our results confirm that the Czech Republic is not well prepared to fulfill the ambitious goals of the CEAP in respect to textile waste because of continually growing volumes of this type of the waste ...
What happens to microplastics in nature
Spáčilová, Markéta
2022 - anglický
This work was focused on preparation of microplastic particles which correspond to microplastics in the environment. The five most used plastics (polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, and polystyrene) were used for preparation. Microplastics were prepared by grinding common used plastics to match the actual microplastics present in the environment as closely as possible. The shape and size of the prepared particles\nwere obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Raman and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the microplastic structures. Simultaneously, methodology to determine the amount of microplastic particles in simulated water samples was developed.
Klíčová slova:
microplastic particles; raman spectroscopy; uv degradation
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
What happens to microplastics in nature
This work was focused on preparation of microplastic particles which correspond to microplastics in the environment. The five most used plastics (polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, ...
Adaptive synthesis of functional amphiphilic dendrons for drug nanocarrier assembly
Edr, Antonín
2022 - anglický
In this work, an adaptive synthesis of new type of amphiphilic dendrons for nanocarrier purposes will be presented. This methodology was applied in preparation of vast library of substrates.
Klíčová slova:
symmetrical dendrons; drug nanocarrier assembly; drug delivery
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Adaptive synthesis of functional amphiphilic dendrons for drug nanocarrier assembly
In this work, an adaptive synthesis of new type of amphiphilic dendrons for nanocarrier purposes will be presented. This methodology was applied in preparation of vast library of substrates.
The Impact of the IMO-2020 Shipping Regulation on the Atmospheric Deposition of Sulfur around the Western English Channel and the Use of the V/Ni ratio as a Shipping Marker.
Windell, L.; Bell, T.; White, C.; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Ussher, S.
2022 - anglický
Anthropogenic aerosols are shown to have a great impact on marine ecosystems and human health, with the shipping industry contributing as a significant source of these\nemissions, and annual growth on the rise. In the marine environment, shipping emissions often dominate atmospheric deposition of sulfur. With around 70% of shipping activity\nbeing carried out within 400 km of the coast, its contribution to atmospheric sulfur is of great interest. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) introduced a regulation on\n01/01/2020 restricting global marine fuel sulfur content from 3.5% to 0.5% w/w. The vanadium/nickel (V/Ni) ratio has been widely used as a marker of shipping emissions, with the range of 2.5 to 4 indicating shipping activity. The regulation has called into question the viability of the earlier use of the V/Ni ratio.
Klíčová slova:
IMO-2020 Global sulfur cap; shipping emissions; sulfur
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
The Impact of the IMO-2020 Shipping Regulation on the Atmospheric Deposition of Sulfur around the Western English Channel and the Use of the V/Ni ratio as a Shipping Marker.
Anthropogenic aerosols are shown to have a great impact on marine ecosystems and human health, with the shipping industry contributing as a significant source of these\nemissions, and annual growth on ...
NMR Aerosolomics Study of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in Size-Resolved Particulate Matter
Horník, Štěpán; Vodička, Petr; Pokorná, Petra; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Ždímal, Vladimír; Sýkora, Jan
2022 - anglický
Organic aerosols (OA) account for a significant fraction (10 – 90%) of atmospheric particulate matter (Hallquist et al., 2009). The composition of organic aerosols is very complex and is usually characterized by their water solubility. Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) constitute a large fraction of OA (10 – 80%) and consist of chemical species containing oxygenated functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, or carbonyl groups. NMR spectroscopy represents an alternative to commonly used techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-based techniques) for WSOC analysis. Our recently introduced method, called NMR aerosolomics, allows quantitative analysis of dozens of individual compounds from different aerosol samples. An important part of the characterization of aerosols is their classification by particle size. The analysis of individual compounds in the size-resolved fractions of the WSOC class has been performed only in a few studies that focus mainly on a particular subclass of compounds or use multiple analytical techniques.
Klíčová slova:
NMR; aerosolomics; organic composition
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
NMR Aerosolomics Study of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in Size-Resolved Particulate Matter
Organic aerosols (OA) account for a significant fraction (10 – 90%) of atmospheric particulate matter (Hallquist et al., 2009). The composition of organic aerosols is very complex and is usually ...
Three Years of Experience with Measurement of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations Using Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter CCN-200
Moravec, Pavel; Lhotka, Radek; Ždímal, Vladimír
2022 - anglický
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere that allow water vapor to condense and form cloud droplets are called Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN). Elevated concentrations of \nCCN tend to increase the concentration and decrease the size of droplets. This can lead to suppression of precipitation in shallow and short-lived clouds and to greater convective \noverturning and more precipitation in deep convective clouds. The response of cloud properties and precipitation processes to increasing anthropogenic aerosol concentrations represents one of the largest uncertainties in the current understanding of climate change. One of the fundamental challenges is to determine the ability of aerosol particles to act as CCN under relevant atmospheric conditions. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution in the atmosphere is essential to incorporate the effects of CCN into meteorological models of all scales, Huang et al. (2007). Long-term CCN measurements are performed at aerosol monitoring sites such as those forming ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) network. In this paper, we present the three-year experience of measuring CCN concentrations over the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (NAOK), a rural background site in the Czech Republic. The first results of these measurements were presented by Mishra et al. (2022)
Klíčová slova:
atmospheric aerosols; CCN; CCN concentration measurement
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Three Years of Experience with Measurement of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations Using Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter CCN-200
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere that allow water vapor to condense and form cloud droplets are called Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN). Elevated concentrations of \nCCN tend to increase the ...
Dendrochronology improves understanding of the charcoal production history, increasing the tourist potential in the Drahany Highlands
Rybníček, Michal; Bajer, A.; Friedl, M.; Knott, R.; Kočár, Petr; Kučera, A.; Novák, J.; Vavrčík, H.; Kolář, Tomáš
2022 - anglický
Over the last two years, three selected forest sites from Drahany Highlands were examined for traces of human activity. The most frequent traces found, and common to all three sites, were remains of charcoal production. This paper provides an anatomical and dendrochronological analysis of the charcoals found in two charcoal pile remains from each site. The species composition of the charcoals at the southern site was dominated by oak, followed by birch and hornbeam. Fir was more common than oak, beech, poplar, birch and hornbeam at the central site. Fir and beech were found at the northern site. By using dendrochronology, 23 fir, oak and beech charcoals were dated with the oldest sample coming from a central site and dated from the period 1753–1758. Charcoals from the three other charcoal piles fell into the first half of the 19th century. Radiocarbon dating of charcoals selected gave a very wide age range (1640–1955), except for one case (1399–1435). Providing information on the age of a charcoal pile can help raise public awareness and interest in viewing the sites where charcoal burners used to be active in the forests.
Klíčová slova:
Charcoal pile; culture heritage; tourism; tree rings; wood species
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Dendrochronology improves understanding of the charcoal production history, increasing the tourist potential in the Drahany Highlands
Over the last two years, three selected forest sites from Drahany Highlands were examined for traces of human activity. The most frequent traces found, and common to all three sites, were remains of ...
GC-MS identification of photochemically generated volatile species of tungsten
Vyhnanovský, Jaromír; Forczek, Sándor; Musil, Stanislav
2022 - anglický
The presentation focused on the identification of volatile products of photochemical vapor generation of tungsten by GC-MS.
Klíčová slova:
photochemical vapor generation; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; tungsten
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
GC-MS identification of photochemically generated volatile species of tungsten
The presentation focused on the identification of volatile products of photochemical vapor generation of tungsten by GC-MS.
Total and Bioaccessible Fraction of Elements in Urban Aerosol
Mikuška, Pavel; Cigánková, Hana; Hegrová, J.
2022 - anglický
Atmospheric aerosols have significant impact on health and environment. Elements constitute an important particulate component which have received the attention to understand their environmental and health impacts. Elements enter the human body through inhalation of aerosols causing several health issue (asthma, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, lung cancer).\nThe potential health effects of elements in PM depend on their toxicity, concentration, and bioaccessibility. It is assumed that the bioaccessible fraction of elements is more relevant for evaluating human health risks than the total concentration of elements. The aim of this study was to determine the total and bioaccessible concentration of elements in urban PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol during four seasons.
Klíčová slova:
aerosol; elements; bioaccessible fraction; PM1; PM2.5
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Total and Bioaccessible Fraction of Elements in Urban Aerosol
Atmospheric aerosols have significant impact on health and environment. Elements constitute an important particulate component which have received the attention to understand their environmental and ...
Oxidative Potential of PM1 and PM2.5 Urban Aerosol and Associated Elements in Three Simulated Lung Fluids
Cigánková, Hana; Mikuška, Pavel; Hegrová, J.
2022 - anglický
Mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) has been used in several epidemiologic studies as an indicatior conenecting PM concentrations with human health effects (Ostro, 1993). However, mass concentration of PM doesn´t consider the different compositions and toxicological effects of its components. Majority of PM mass constitutes low-toxicity components, while minority of trace components may have high toxicological activity (Tonne, 2012). Oxidative potential (OP), defined as the ability of PM to induce oxidative stress, is in recent years recognized as one of the main biological mechanisms considered to be contributing to negative impacts from air pollution exposure. Oxidative stress is caused through the capability of PM to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the lung, which leads to pro-inflammatory responses that can ultimately results in cell apoptosis (Borlaza, 2021).
Klíčová slova:
aerosol; oxidative potential; elements
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Oxidative Potential of PM1 and PM2.5 Urban Aerosol and Associated Elements in Three Simulated Lung Fluids
Mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) has been used in several epidemiologic studies as an indicatior conenecting PM concentrations with human health effects (Ostro, 1993). However, mass ...
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