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Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
Peer, Petra; Polášková, M.; Mosnáček, J.; Sedlařiková, J.; Masař, M.
2019 - English
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate using two environmentally friendly reducing agents, such as fructose or ascorbic acid. For comparison also commonly used reducing agent-sodium borohydride was used. The silver nanoparticles in various size and yield were produced by immersion of the plasma pre-treated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile in the colloidal solutions for different periods (35, 45 and 135 min). The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by SEM and EDX analysis. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the silver decorated PP non-woven textile was evaluated by an agar diffusion test using both Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results suggest that the type of the reducing agent has major effect both on the morphology of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activity.
Keywords:
silver nanoparticles; reducing agent; non-woven textile; antibacterial activity
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by ...
Effect of pipe inclination on local concentration and flow behaviour of settling slurry
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
2019 - English
Settling slurry, consisted from narrow-graded sand of mean particle diameter 0.87 mm and water, was investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on the effect of the pipe inclination, slurry concentration, and velocity on concentration distribution, and deposition limit. The settling slurries tend to stratify, a layered structure is typical for a settling slurry flow. Slurry stratification is sensitive to pipe inclination, and differs for the positive and negative pipe inclination. Deposition limit increases with pipe inclination up to about 25°, and then remain nearly constant.
Keywords:
sand-water slurry; pipe inclination; concentration distribution; deposition limit
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effect of pipe inclination on local concentration and flow behaviour of settling slurry
Settling slurry, consisted from narrow-graded sand of mean particle diameter 0.87 mm and water, was investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on ...
Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region
Šulc, R.; Ditl, P.; Fořt, I.; Jašíková, D.; Kotek, M.; Kopecký, V.; Kysela, Bohuš
2018 - English
The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical flat bottom vessel 400 mm in inner diameter agitated by a tooth impeller 133 mm in diameter. Distilled water was used as the agitated liquid. The velocity fields were investigated in the upward flow to the impeller for three impeller rotation speeds – 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 700 rpm, corresponding to a Reynolds number in the range 94 000 < Re < 221 000. This means that fully-developed turbulent flow was reached. This Re range secures the fully-developed turbulent flow in an agitated liquid. In accordance with the theory of mixing, the dimensionless mean and fluctuation velocities in the measured directions were found to be constant and independent of the impeller Reynolds number. On the basis of the test results the spatial distributions of dimensionless velocities were calculated. The axial turbulence intensity was found to be in the majority in the range from 0.4 to 0.7, which corresponds to the middle level of turbulence intensity.
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region
The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical ...
Droplets breakage in flow conditions of an agitated tank
Kysela, Bohuš; Konfršt, Jiří; Chára, Zdeněk; Šulc, R.; Kotek, M.
2018 - English
Production of two immiscible liquid dispersions used in chemical or metallurgical industry is usually performed by a mixing process. The droplets of secondary liquid are predominantly dispersed by the shear flow forces to the primary liquid. It is well known, that the real droplet size distribution is limited by the physical properties of both liquids, the acting forces and residence time. This phenomenon is investigated experimentally or numerically simulated by several methods. In this study, the simplified mixing test case was studied. The single droplet dispergation was simulated using finite volume method and multiphase VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) model. The capability of the local remeshing method was investigated. The increase of calculation performance and the phases mass imbalance during automatic mesh refinement is summarized.
Keywords:
immiscible liquid dispersion; mixing process; droplet size distribution
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Droplets breakage in flow conditions of an agitated tank
Production of two immiscible liquid dispersions used in chemical or metallurgical industry is usually performed by a mixing process. The droplets of secondary liquid are predominantly dispersed by the ...
Dispersion kinetics in mechanically agitated vessel
Bucciarelli, E.; Formánek, R.; Kysela, Bohuš; Fořt, I.; Šulc, R.
2018 - English
Agitation of two immiscible liquids or solid-liquid suspension is a frequent operation in chemical and metallurgical industries. Prediction of mean drop/particle size and drop/particle size distribution (DSD) is vital for emulsification, suspension polymerization, solid particle dispersion or crystallization. Simulation of particulate systems requires the knowledge of DSD and its time evolution. The time evolution of drop size distribution was investigated in baffled vessel mechanically agitated by a Rushton turbine and a high-shear tooth impeller. The system water –silicone oil was used as a model liquid. The volume fraction of the dispersed phase was 0.047 %. The drop sizes were determined by image analysis. The time evolution of the drops size dp32 was studied for both impellers tested. The model used involves the first order kinetics. Finally, the following correlations predicted by the Kolmogorov-Hinze theory were evaluated at steady state: dp32/D = C1.We-0.6 and dpmax/D = C2.We-0.6, where We is the impeller Weber number.
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Dispersion kinetics in mechanically agitated vessel
Agitation of two immiscible liquids or solid-liquid suspension is a frequent operation in chemical and metallurgical industries. Prediction of mean drop/particle size and drop/particle size ...
Measurement of drop size distribution time rate for liquid-liquid dispersion using IPI method
Jašíková, D.; Kotek, M.; Kysela, Bohuš; Šulc, R.; Kopecký, V.
2018 - English
The liquid-liquid dispersion properties are studied mainly by image analysis (IA) and Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI). Drop sizes will be investigated in dilute dispersion since in this case the break up phenomena is the dominating and is not affected by phase fraction. Characteristics of the size distribution and the evolution of two liquid-liquid phase’s disintegration were studied. The IPI method was used for subsequent detailed study of the disintegrated droplets. We compared two liquids: Rhodosil Oil 47V50, and Silicone Oil AP1000 under stirrer rate of 540 rpm, and 760 rpm. The experiment run in the scaled model of agitated tank with Rushton turbine.
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Measurement of drop size distribution time rate for liquid-liquid dispersion using IPI method
The liquid-liquid dispersion properties are studied mainly by image analysis (IA) and Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI). Drop sizes will be investigated in dilute dispersion since in this case ...
Modelling of non-monotonous course of shear viscosity
Filip, Petr
2018 - English
A number of parameters appearing in the 'classical' empirical constitutive equations usually oscillate between two and five. With the onset of new rheologically more complex materials exhibiting non-monotonous behaviour of flow curves this range (2-5) is no longer tenable and more additional parameters are required for a proper description of the flow curves. An 8-parameter model is presented and testified.
Keywords:
viscosity; flow curve; constitutive equation; empirical modelling
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Modelling of non-monotonous course of shear viscosity
A number of parameters appearing in the 'classical' empirical constitutive equations usually oscillate between two and five. With the onset of new rheologically more complex materials exhibiting ...
The role of solvents in the preparation of hydrophobic nanofibrous membrane containing fumed silica
Peer, Petra; Polášková, M.; Musilová, I.; Filip, Petr
2018 - English
It is well-known that a type of used fumed silica nanoparticles plays a dominant role in wettability of the corresponding nanofibrous mats. As a result, the desired contact angle can be approximately achieved by a choice of adequate fumed silica nanoparticles. However, less attention has been hitherto paid to an active role of solvents in connection with the tailoring this contact angle. For analysis we used poly(vinyl butyral) representing electrospun-friendly material, various types of fumed silica nanoparticles and two solvents - methanol and ethanol. It is demonstrated that a choice of polymer solvents plays a significant role in contact angle changes. Hence, in combination of the type of fumed silica nanoparticles and the type of solvent it is possible to achieve a finer partition of the required contact angles.
Keywords:
PVB solution; solvents; fumed silica; electrospinning; rheology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The role of solvents in the preparation of hydrophobic nanofibrous membrane containing fumed silica
It is well-known that a type of used fumed silica nanoparticles plays a dominant role in wettability of the corresponding nanofibrous mats. As a result, the desired contact angle can be approximately ...
Thermal induced morphological changes of poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous webs
Polášková, M.; Peer, Petra; Ponížil, P.; Čermák, R.
2018 - English
The crystallinity of fibres prepared by electrospinning shows lower level in comparison with samples processed by common technologies such as moulding or film casting. Thus, the attempts to improve the structure of electrospun fibres in order to increase physical and mechanical properties of nonwoven webs are obvious. Post-process thermal treatment is one of the possibilities of the crystallinity enhancement that can be easily included to the finishing operation of final products. For the experiment we used poly(ethylene oxide) representing electrospun-friendly material and two solvents - methanol and water, both ensuring good electrospinnability. It is demonstrated that a choice of polymer solvents plays a significant role in fibre diameter and their capabilities to resist applied heat. However, in all cases the enhancement of crystallinity is detected at the short time of thermal exposure.
Keywords:
PEO nanofibres; degree of crystallinity; electrospinning
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Thermal induced morphological changes of poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous webs
The crystallinity of fibres prepared by electrospinning shows lower level in comparison with samples processed by common technologies such as moulding or film casting. Thus, the attempts to improve ...
The importance of the radiation balance for water retention of the landscape
Kofroňová, Jitka
2018 - English
As part of the radiation balance, longwave radiation is one of the factors needed to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET). Since the longwave radiation balance is rarely measured, many computational methods have been designed. In this study, we report on the difference between the observed longwave radiation balance and modelling results obtained using the two main procedures outlined in Manuals 24 and 56 of the FAO. The performance of these equations was evaluated in the warmer months (April to October) over eight years at the Liz experimental catchment in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic). The coefficients of both methods were also calibrated based on local conditions. Four commonly used methods were used to calculate the PET (Penman-Monteith, Pristley and Taylor, Kimberley-Penman, Thom and Oliver). The use of default coefficient values gave errors of 40 100 mm and 0 20 mm for the seasonal PET estimates for FAO56 and FAO24, respectively (the PET was usually overestimated). Parameter calibration decreased the FAO56 error to less than 20 mm per season (FAO24 remained unaffected by the calibration). The FAO56 approach with calibrated coefficients proved to be more suitable for estimation of the longwave radiation balance.
Keywords:
water retention; radiation balance; potential evapotranspiration (PET)
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
The importance of the radiation balance for water retention of the landscape
As part of the radiation balance, longwave radiation is one of the factors needed to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET). Since the longwave radiation balance is rarely measured, many ...
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