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Bacterial life history strategies in gamma-irradiated arable soil receiving different microbial inocula
FARKOVÁ, Karolína
2022 - anglický
Půda obsahuje mimořádnou úroveň mikrobiální biodiverzity, která podporuje klíčové funkce ekosystému. Pochopení toho, jak se půdní mikrobiální společenstva v zemědělských ekosystémech utvářejí a jaké vlastnosti vykazují (tj. jaké funkce a služby zprostředkovávají), je nezbytné pro lepší předvídání důsledků ztráty biologické rozmanitosti. Tato práce analyzuje složení, diverzitu a životní strategie půdních bakteriálních společenstev po zavedení mikrobiálních společenstev z různých zdrojů (tj. půdy a kravských exkrementů) do sterilní půdy (ozářené -zářením). Výsledky ukazují, že bakterie z půdy a exkrementů se v -ozářené půdě úspěšně etablovaly a že složení a diverzita bakteriálních společenstev silně závisí na zdroji inokulace. Analýzy vybraných funkčních znaků prokázaly, že taxony časných kolonizátorů se vyznačovaly vyšším počtem kopií genu 16S rRNA, menšími genomy a zvýšenou pohyblivostí a schopností sporulace než původní půdní bakteriální společenstva. Kromě toho, přestože půdy vykazovaly podobné počáteční fyzikálně-chemické a biochemické vlastnosti, různá mikrobiální společenstva vytvářela podstatné rozdíly ve vlastnostech půdy a mikrobiálně zprostředkovaných funkcích. Tato práce přispívá k lepšímu pochopení toho, jak je složení bakteriálního společenstva důležité pro mikrobiální biodiverzitu v půdě a jak naopak může biodiverzita přispívat ke změnám půdní úrodnosti a aktivity bakterií prostřednictvím různých životních strategií a vlastností. Soil contains an extraordinary level of microbial biodiversity that supports key ecosystem functions. Understanding how soil microbial communities assemble in agricultural ecosystems, as well as what traits they exhibit (i.e., what functions and services they mediate), is essential to better predict the consequences of biodiversity loss. This thesis analyzes the composition, diversity, and life history strategies of soil bacterial communities after the introduction of microbial communities from different sources (i.e., soil and cow excreta) into sterile soil (-irradiated). The results show that bacteria from soil and excreta successfully established in the -irradiated soil and that the bacterial composition and diversity strongly depends on the inoculation source. Analyses of selected functional traits proved that early colonizer taxa were characterized by having higher 16S rRNA copy numbers, smaller genomes and elevated motility and sporulation abilities than the original soil bacterial community. In addition, despite the soils showing similar initial physicochemical and biochemical properties, the different bacterial assemblages generated strong differences in soil properties and microbially-mediated functions. This thesis contributes to a better understanding on how the composition of microbial community is important for the microbial biodiversity in soil and in turn, how biodiversity can contribute to changes in soil fertility and bacterial activity through different life history strategies and traits.
Klíčová slova:
půda; bakteriální komunita; funkční znaky; životní strategie; zemědělství
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Bacterial life history strategies in gamma-irradiated arable soil receiving different microbial inocula
Půda obsahuje mimořádnou úroveň mikrobiální biodiverzity, která podporuje klíčové funkce ekosystému. Pochopení toho, jak se půdní mikrobiální společenstva v zemědělských ekosystémech utvářejí a jaké ...
Subcellular insight into cholesterol-mediated proliferation of the tick cell line
KROPÁČKOVÁ, Sára
2022 - anglický
Arthropods, including ticks, are not able to synthetise cholesterol de novo. However, cholesterol is an essential component of their cell membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones. In this thesis, I looked at the biological function of exogenous cholesterol on the tick Ixodes ricinus cell line IRE/CTVM19. I verified the need for cholesterol supplementation in the growth medium for proper cell proliferation. Cellular proliferation was stimulated by cholesterol and not by other sterols (ergosterol, sitosterol). We further explored the two assumed aforementioned cholesterol cellular roles, but also investigated the role of cholesterol as a signal molecule: The effect of cholesterol sensing is described on the tick cell level, as well as on the level of the whole organism, using the ex vivo feeding system of ticks. This work provides novel insights into the cholesterol biology of ticks and tick cells, increasing our understanding of tick-host blood molecules' interaction. Arthropods, including ticks, are not able to synthetise cholesterol de novo. However, cholesterol is an essential component of their cell membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones. In this thesis, I looked at the biological function of exogenous cholesterol on the tick Ixodes ricinus cell line IRE/CTVM19. I verified the need for cholesterol supplementation in the growth medium for proper cell proliferation. Cellular proliferation was stimulated by cholesterol and not by other sterols (ergosterol, sitosterol). We further explored the two assumed aforementioned cholesterol cellular roles, but also investigated the role of cholesterol as a signal molecule: The effect of cholesterol sensing is described on the tick cell level, as well as on the level of the whole organism, using the ex vivo feeding system of ticks. This work provides novel insights into the cholesterol biology of ticks and tick cells, increasing our understanding of tick-host blood molecules' interaction.
Klíčová slova:
tick; cholesterol; tick cell line; IRE/CTVM19; Hedgehog signalling pathway
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Subcellular insight into cholesterol-mediated proliferation of the tick cell line
Arthropods, including ticks, are not able to synthetise cholesterol de novo. However, cholesterol is an essential component of their cell membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of ...
Numerical simulations of dynamic processes in the solar corona
BELOV, Sofya
2022 - anglický
This master's thesis deals with 3D numerical simulations of turbulent flow past magnetic structures in the solar corona, focusing on the phenomenon of vortex shedding. This phenomenon is well known in hydrodynamic conditions. Still, it has not yet been satisfactorily investigated in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conditions, such as in the solar atmosphere, where its occurrence has been suggested by several studies and may explain some oscillatory phenomena. Numerical code Lare3d is used for the simulations.
Klíčová slova:
vortex shedding; solar corona; coronal loops; solar prominences; coronal mass ejections; kink oscillations; magnetohydrodynamics; numerical simulations; Lare3d
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Numerical simulations of dynamic processes in the solar corona
This master's thesis deals with 3D numerical simulations of turbulent flow past magnetic structures in the solar corona, focusing on the phenomenon of vortex shedding. This phenomenon is well known in ...
The role of Q tRNA modification in codon biased translation in \kur{Leishmania mexicana}
ŠVÁBOVÁ, Monika
2022 - anglický
The aim of the thesis was to standardize polysome profiling and ribosome profiling protocols for the parasitic protist Leishmania mexicana in order to identify the effect of Q-tRNAs in translation. In addition, we analyzed the role of queuosine (Q) t-RNA modification in the cell cycle of L. mexicana. The proteomics analysis was carried out in order to elucidate the role of Q-tRNAs in protein folding.
Klíčová slova:
Leishmania mexicana; translation; queuosine; modification; ribosome profiling; polysome profiling; tRNA
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
The role of Q tRNA modification in codon biased translation in \kur{Leishmania mexicana}
The aim of the thesis was to standardize polysome profiling and ribosome profiling protocols for the parasitic protist Leishmania mexicana in order to identify the effect of Q-tRNAs in translation. In ...
Analysis of genetic diversity of \kur{Borrelia burgdorferi} sensu lato and \kur{Borrelia miyamotoi} across Central and Eastern Europe using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in range of Slovakia and data from the MLST database with focus on Central and Eastern Europe
MORÁVKOVÁ, Veronika
2022 - anglický
The study was based on tick collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and computational analyses of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi. The study included evaluation on the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus ticks across the Slovak Republic based on the collection of ticks from 2017. The spirochetes were further classified into genospecies as well as sequence types (ST) according to MLST method by amplifying and sequencing eight housekeeping genes. Subsequently, population-genetic relationships of Borrelia tick-borne pathogens across Central and Eastern Europe were analysed. The study was based on tick collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and computational analyses of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi. The study included evaluation on the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus ticks across the Slovak Republic based on the collection of ticks from 2017. The spirochetes were further classified into genospecies as well as sequence types (ST) according to MLST method by amplifying and sequencing eight housekeeping genes. Subsequently, population-genetic relationships of Borrelia tick-borne pathogens across Central and Eastern Europe were analysed.
Klíčová slova:
Borrelia afzelii; Borrelia garinii; Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto; Borrelia miyamotoi; PCR; MLST; MLSA; Ixodes ricinus; sequence type; genetic diversity; Slovak Republic; Slovakia; population-genetic analysis; Lyme borreliosis; Lyme disease; relapsing fever
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Analysis of genetic diversity of \kur{Borrelia burgdorferi} sensu lato and \kur{Borrelia miyamotoi} across Central and Eastern Europe using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in range of Slovakia and data from the MLST database with focus on Central and Eastern Europe
The study was based on tick collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and computational analyses of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi. The study included evaluation on ...
Svalbard reindeer and its interaction with extreme polar environment
KAVANOVÁ, Veronika
2022 - anglický
Two distinct populations of Svalbard reindeer are compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are supposed to reflect well environmental conditions of the sedentary population within the growing season. Both studied populations are well spatially isolated due to high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents area with continuous tundra vegetation, milder climatic conditions and consequently also longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably lead to significant differences in relative antler size and number of tines. Skansbukta population has larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta. Two distinct populations of Svalbard reindeer are compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are supposed to reflect well environmental conditions of the sedentary population within the growing season. Both studied populations are well spatially isolated due to high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents area with continuous tundra vegetation, milder climatic conditions and consequently also longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably lead to significant differences in relative antler size and number of tines. Skansbukta population has larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta.
Klíčová slova:
Svalbard reindeer; antlers; population characteristics; environmental conditions
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Svalbard reindeer and its interaction with extreme polar environment
Two distinct populations of Svalbard reindeer are compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are supposed to reflect well environmental conditions of the ...
Trade-offs in parasitoid resistance and competitive ability in Drosophila
SIDWELL, Jeni
2022 - anglický
Trade-offs in fitness traits in Drosophila were studied in a laboratory environment. Fly and wasp lines originated from an ecological community in a tropical rainforest in Queensland, Australia and were established in České Budějovice. Experimental evolution was used to impose selective pressures on populations of flies to select for parasitoid resistance and competitive ability. The selection regimes were followed by two separate phenotyping experiments to measure the resulting phenotypic changes and impose novel conditions to the evolved flies in order to identify trade-offs.
Klíčová slova:
ecology; evolution; eco-evolutionary dynamics; trade-offs; fitness; Drosophila
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Trade-offs in parasitoid resistance and competitive ability in Drosophila
Trade-offs in fitness traits in Drosophila were studied in a laboratory environment. Fly and wasp lines originated from an ecological community in a tropical rainforest in Queensland, Australia and ...
Differentiating the adhesion properties of surface proteins between various Borrelia species
DANKLMAIER, Anna-Celine
2021 - anglický
The aim of the thesis was to gain a better understanding of decorin binding proteins A and B (DbpAB) of various Borrelia species my different means. Overexpression of DbpA or DbpB in B. afzelii was addressed, examining phenotypic changes in mutants. Also, it was aimed to create shuttle vectors to complement DbpAB of different European Borrelia species as well as suicide vectors. The aim of the thesis was to gain a better understanding of decorin binding proteins A and B (DbpAB) of various Borrelia species my different means. Overexpression of DbpA or DbpB in B. afzelii was addressed, examining phenotypic changes in mutants. Also, it was aimed to create shuttle vectors to complement DbpAB of different European Borrelia species as well as suicide vectors.
Klíčová slova:
Borrelia; surface proteins; adhesion
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Differentiating the adhesion properties of surface proteins between various Borrelia species
The aim of the thesis was to gain a better understanding of decorin binding proteins A and B (DbpAB) of various Borrelia species my different means. Overexpression of DbpA or DbpB in B. afzelii was ...
Design and production of TBEV specific cleavage reporter for in vitro and in cell studies
KOTOUNOVÁ, Eliška
2021 - anglický
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important human pathogen and as of now, there are no specific therapeutics to combat this disease. In vitro and in cell models are essential in studying the disease and in the pursuit of novel therapeutics. This thesis deals with the design and production of two genetically encoded cleavage reporters of TBEV NS2B-NS3 protease activity. The reporters were produced in E. coli and tested with recombinant NS2B-NS3 protease, as well as produced in mammalian cell lines and analyzed for fluorescence upon infection with TBEV. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important human pathogen and as of now, there are no specific therapeutics to combat this disease. In vitro and in cell models are essential in studying the disease and in the pursuit of novel therapeutics. This thesis deals with the design and production of two genetically encoded cleavage reporters of TBEV NS2B-NS3 protease activity. The reporters were produced in E. coli and tested with recombinant NS2B-NS3 protease, as well as produced in mammalian cell lines and analyzed for fluorescence upon infection with TBEV.
Klíčová slova:
TBEV; NS2B-NS3 protease; cleavage reporter; PAmCherry
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Design and production of TBEV specific cleavage reporter for in vitro and in cell studies
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important human pathogen and as of now, there are no specific therapeutics to combat this disease. In vitro and in cell models are essential in studying the ...
The Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organization System and F1FO-ATP Synthase Crosstalk is a Fundamental Property of Mitochondrial Cristae
CADENA, Lawrence Rudy
2021 - anglický
The acquisition of mitochondria from an endosymbiont closely related to extant alphaproteobacteria occurred prior to the divergence of modern eukaryotes. Since then, diverse eukaryotes have not only developed a number of different mechanisms to adapt to their environment regarding growth and proliferation, but perpetuated certain traits that have persisted for eons. This thesis postulates an ancestral mechanism for cristae development in mitochondria involving interplay between two cristae shaping protein complexes, the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organization System and F1FO-ATP Synthase, that has remained conserved throughout eukaryotic diversification for over 2 billion years. The acquisition of mitochondria from an endosymbiont closely related to extant alphaproteobacteria occurred prior to the divergence of modern eukaryotes. Since then, diverse eukaryotes have not only developed a number of different mechanisms to adapt to their environment regarding growth and proliferation, but perpetuated certain traits that have persisted for eons. This thesis postulates an ancestral mechanism for cristae development in mitochondria involving interplay between two cristae shaping protein complexes, the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organization System and F1FO-ATP Synthase, that has remained conserved throughout eukaryotic diversification for over 2 billion years.
Klíčová slova:
Mitochondria; MICOS; ATP Synthase; Trypanosoma brucei; evolution; protein interaction
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
The Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organization System and F1FO-ATP Synthase Crosstalk is a Fundamental Property of Mitochondrial Cristae
The acquisition of mitochondria from an endosymbiont closely related to extant alphaproteobacteria occurred prior to the divergence of modern eukaryotes. Since then, diverse eukaryotes have not only ...
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