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Human capital affects religious identity: causal evidence from Kenya
Alfonsi, L.; Bauer, Michal; Chytilová, Julie; Miguel, E.
2023 - anglický
We study how human capital and economic conditions causally affect the choice of religious denomination. We utilize a longitudinal dataset monitoring the religious history of more than 5,000 Kenyans over twenty years, in tandem with a randomized experiment (deworming) that has exogenously boosted education and living standards. The main finding is that the program reduces the likelihood of membership in a Pentecostal denomination up to 20 years later when respondents are in their mid-thirties, while there is a comparable increase in membership in traditional Christian denominations. The effect is concentrated and statistically significant among a sub-group of participants who benefited most from the program in terms of increased education and income. The effects are unlikely due to increased secularization, because the program does not reduce measures of religiosity. The results help explain why the global growth of the Pentecostal movement, sometimes described a “New Reformation”, is centered in low-income communities.
Klíčová slova:
human capital; economic conditions; religious denomination
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Human capital affects religious identity: causal evidence from Kenya
We study how human capital and economic conditions causally affect the choice of religious denomination. We utilize a longitudinal dataset monitoring the religious history of more than 5,000 Kenyans ...
Characterization of five mosaic mortar beds from Austria produced by A. Neuhauser/Tiroler Glasmalerei and J. Pfefferle
Bauerová, Pavla; Frankeová, Dita; Slížková, Zuzana
2023 - anglický
The report contains the results of material analyses of five mortar beds of mosaics produced by the Austrian studios Neuhauser/Tiroler Glasmalerei and Josef Pfefferle. The analysed samples come from mosaics made at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and located in various places in Tyrol. The mortars were analysed by SEM-EDS and thermal analysis. The results showed that, in addition to traditional materials such as marble dust, they also contain atypical or innovative components such as waste ceramic and glass shards or early Portland cement.
Klíčová slova:
SEM-EDS analysis; historic mortar; mosaic; thermal analysis
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Characterization of five mosaic mortar beds from Austria produced by A. Neuhauser/Tiroler Glasmalerei and J. Pfefferle
The report contains the results of material analyses of five mortar beds of mosaics produced by the Austrian studios Neuhauser/Tiroler Glasmalerei and Josef Pfefferle. The analysed samples come from ...
Measurements on Turbine Cascade KOBRA
Luxa, Martin; Hála, Jindřich; Šimurda, David
2023 - anglický
The report contains results and evaluation of aerodynamic measurement on a blade cascade representing the section imitating the conical stream line in the last rotor row of a gas trubine under considerable off-design condition. The research report contains detailed specifications of the measured model, overview of the results of the optical measurements (interferometry, schlieren method in Toepler configuration) and pneumatic measurements (traversing with five hole conical probe downstream the cascade).
Klíčová slova:
turbine cascade; turbine off-design condition; tarnsonic flow
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Measurements on Turbine Cascade KOBRA
The report contains results and evaluation of aerodynamic measurement on a blade cascade representing the section imitating the conical stream line in the last rotor row of a gas trubine under ...
Fish stock survey of the Lake Sevan in 2023 – final report
Prchalová, Marie; Kubečka, Jan
2023 - anglický
Final report on survey of fish stock of the Lake Sevan in July 2023.
Klíčová slova:
gillnets; hydroacoustics; biomass
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Fish stock survey of the Lake Sevan in 2023 – final report
Final report on survey of fish stock of the Lake Sevan in July 2023.
Extrapolative income expectations and retirement savings
Cota, Marta
2023 - anglický
Why do employees’ retirement contributions gradually increase throughout their careers? This paper uses a structural life-cycle model based on household expectations data to explain workers’ retirement contribution decisions. The Michigan Survey of Consumers data shows that young households extrapolate from their recent income realizations and overstate the persistence and volatility of their future income. The structural life-cycle model with extrapolative expectations quantifies the difference in retirement contribution rates compared to rational expectations. Contrary to rational workers, extrapolative workers’ contributions match the data on retirement contributions over the life cycle. Consequently, mandating automatic enrollment yields negligible effects on retirement savings.
Klíčová slova:
extrapolative expectations; forecast errors; illiquid savings
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Extrapolative income expectations and retirement savings
Why do employees’ retirement contributions gradually increase throughout their careers? This paper uses a structural life-cycle model based on household expectations data to explain workers’ ...
Novel embedding resins for 3D-SEM
Šlouf, Miroslav; Pavlova, Ewa; Strachota, Beata; Strachota, Adam; Nebesářová, Jana; Týč, Jiří; Krzyžánek, Vladislav; Skoupý, Radim
2022 - anglický
The report contains the detailed analysis of novel embedding resins for 3D-SEM.
Klíčová slova:
novel embedding resins; 3D-SEM microscopy; higher e-beam resistance
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Novel embedding resins for 3D-SEM
The report contains the detailed analysis of novel embedding resins for 3D-SEM.
Stress state rock mass monitoring ahead of longwall No. II/501/C, Mine Staszic-Wujek, PGG, Poland -Project RFCS DD-MET
Waclawik, Petr; Kukutsch, Radovan; Staš, Lubomír; Souček, Kamil; Vavro, Leona; Vavro, Martin; Kubina, Lukáš; Schuchová, Kristýna
2022 - anglický
For designing precisely the reinforcement of mine gate and reinforcing underground structures in general, knowing stress and deformation states in the rock massive in the immediate vicinity of these mine works as precisely as possible is absolutely decisive. In order to verify the rock mass stress state and its changes induced by longwall mining, the monitoring of rock mass stress changing in connection with the mine out of the coal seam No. 501, longwall face No. II/501/C in the Mine Staszic-Wujek, Poland, was suggested. The aim of the contractual research was the realisation and interpretation of the rock stress state monitoring using the CCBO (Compact Conical ended Borehole Overcoring method) and CCBM (Compact Conical ended Borehole Monitoring method) probes in the forefield of mentioned longwall face within geotechnical station. To verify stress monitoring, the survey of the state of the longwall gate was carried out using a pulse 3D scanner. The purpose was to capture deformation changes ahead of the advancing longwall face, specifically, at five stages in the ± 20 m section on each side from the installed geotechnical station.
Klíčová slova:
pre-mining stress; induced stress; 3D laser scanning
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Stress state rock mass monitoring ahead of longwall No. II/501/C, Mine Staszic-Wujek, PGG, Poland -Project RFCS DD-MET
For designing precisely the reinforcement of mine gate and reinforcing underground structures in general, knowing stress and deformation states in the rock massive in the immediate vicinity of these ...
Do pessimistic expectations about discrimination make minorities withdraw their effort? Causal evidence
Korlyakova, Darya
2022 - anglický
There is a long-standing concern that expected discrimination discourages minorities from exercising effort to succeed. Effort withdrawal could contribute to confirming negative stereotypes about minorities’ productivity and enduring disparities. This paper extends the findings of correlational research by exogenously manipulating individuals’ beliefs about discrimination against their group and exploring a causal link between perceived discrimination and individuals’ labor market behavior. For this purpose, we conduct an online experiment in the US with a diverse sample of 2,000 African Americans. We randomly assign individuals to two groups and inform one group about the frequency of discrimination against African Americans in a previous survey. To study the information effects on effort, we subsequently measure participants’ results on a math task. We document that most individuals initially overestimate discrimination against African Americans. The overestimation decreases strongly and significantly as a result of information provision. At the same time, treated individuals, males in particular, attempt and solve correctly fewer math problems compared to untreated individuals. Hence, our findings do not support the common concern that minorities’ inflated expectations about discrimination induce them to underperform.
Klíčová slova:
perceived discrimination; racial minorities; effort
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Do pessimistic expectations about discrimination make minorities withdraw their effort? Causal evidence
There is a long-standing concern that expected discrimination discourages minorities from exercising effort to succeed. Effort withdrawal could contribute to confirming negative stereotypes about ...
Information, perceived returns and college major choices
Kudashvili, Nikoloz; Todua, Gega
2022 - anglický
Students may hold inaccurate beliefs about earnings and employment opportunities when making their education decisions. This paper analyzes the effects of information provision on student’s intended and actual college major choices in Georgia. Secondary school students in our experiment systematically overestimated the earnings and unemployment rates of college graduates. We find that 10 percent more students who received information on actual earnings and unemployment changed their actual college major choices than others. The changes in their majors are partly driven by differences in the perceived and actual unemployment rates, whereas the earning differences do not appear to play a role. We also estimate spillover effects on students who do not receive information directly, and show that they matter, but only for older students who are closer to high school graduation. Importantly, we find that the immediate changes in the intended choices are not linked to the final major choices, suggesting that measuring the effects of information on immediately expressed intentions may not be sufficient to understand how information affects actual real-life decisions. We find that both direct and indirect information provision have sizable effects on student college major choices.
Klíčová slova:
college major; perceived unemployment; perceived earnings
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Information, perceived returns and college major choices
Students may hold inaccurate beliefs about earnings and employment opportunities when making their education decisions. This paper analyzes the effects of information provision on student’s intended ...
Social networks and surviving the Holocaust
Bělín, M.; Jelínek, T.; Jurajda, Štěpán
2022 - anglický
Survivor testimonies link survival in deadly POW camps, Gulags, and Nazi concentration camps to the formation of close friendships with other prisoners. We provide statistical evidence consistent with these fundamentally selective testimonies. We study the survival of the 140 thousand Jews who entered the Theresienstadt ghetto, where 33 thousand died and from where over 80 thousand were sent to extermination camps. We ask whether an individual’s social status prior to deportation, and the availability of potential friends among fellow prisoners influenced the risk of death in Theresienstadt, the ability to avoid transports to the camps, and the chances of surviving Auschwitz. Pre-deportation social status protected prisoners in the self-administered society of the Theresienstadt ghetto, but it was no longer helpful in the extreme conditions of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. Relying on multiple proxies of pre-existing social networks, we uncover a significant survival advantage to entering Auschwitz with a group of potential friends.
Klíčová slova:
social status; social networks; Holocaust survival
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Social networks and surviving the Holocaust
Survivor testimonies link survival in deadly POW camps, Gulags, and Nazi concentration camps to the formation of close friendships with other prisoners. We provide statistical evidence consistent with ...
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