Metodika identifikace zdrojů znečišťování pomocí PMF pro strategické rozhodování při ochraně ovzduší – aktualizace 2023
Horník, Štěpán; Sýkora, Jan; Pokorná, Petra
2023 - Czech Předkládaná metodika navrhuje využití spektroskopie nukleární magnetické rezonance (NMR) jako další analytické techniky pro identifikaci sloučenin v atmosférických aerosolech. Tato technika umožňuje výrazně zvýšit počet stanovovaných látek a tfm i případný počet markerů, které lze následně ve spojení s jinými metodami využít pro identifikaci zdrojů znečištění ovzduší pomocí pokročilé statistické analýzy. Mezi markery stanovované pomocí\nNMR spektroskopie náleží různé organické kyseliny, sulfonové kyseliny nebo sacharidy, které jsou charakteristické pro příslušné zdroje znečištění. Aktualizovaná metodika také představuje identifikaci biogenního zdroje, který předcházející metodiky nedokázaly stanovit. The presented methodology proposes utilizatíon of the spectroscopy of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as another analytical technique for the identification of compounds in atmospheric aerosols. This technique makes significantly increases the number of deterined substances and thus a number of possible markers, which can be subsequently used together with other methods to identify sources of air pollution using advanced statistical\nanalysis. Among the markers determined by NMR spectroscopy there are several organic and sulfonic acids or carbohydrates, wich are characteristic for relevant sources of air pollution. The updated methodology also shows the identification of a biogenic source that previous methodologies were not able to determine. Keywords: NMR spectroscopy; atmospheric aerosols; markers Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR Metodika identifikace zdrojů znečišťování pomocí PMF pro strategické rozhodování při ochraně ovzduší – aktualizace 2023

Předkládaná metodika navrhuje využití spektroskopie nukleární magnetické rezonance (NMR) jako další analytické techniky pro identifikaci sloučenin v atmosférických aerosolech. Tato technika umožňuje ...

Horník, Štěpán; Sýkora, Jan; Pokorná, Petra
Ústav chemických procesů, 2023

Inflation expectations in the wake of the war in Ukraine
Afunts, Geghetsik; Cato, M.; Schmidt, T.
2023 - English Russia's invasion of Ukraine is posing a range of new challenges to the global economy, including affecting the inflation expectations of individuals. In this paper, we aim to quantify the effect of the invasion on short- and long-term inflation expectations of individuals in Germany. We use microdata from the Bundesbank Online Panel - Households (BOP-HH), for the period from February 15th to March 29th, 2022. Treating the unanticipated start of the war in Ukraine on the 24th of February 2022 as a natural experiment, we find that both short- and long-term inflation expectations increased as an immediate result of the invasion. Long-term inflation expectations increased by around 0.4 percentage points, while the impact on short-term inflation expectations was more than twice as large - around one percentage point. Looking into the possible mechanisms of this increase, we suggest that it can be partially attributed to individuals’ fears of soaring energy prices and increasing pessimism about economic trends in general. Our results indicate that large economic shocks can have a substantial impact on both short and long-term inflation expectations. Keywords: inflation expectations; Russian invasion of Ukraine; survey Fulltext is available at external website. Inflation expectations in the wake of the war in Ukraine

Russia's invasion of Ukraine is posing a range of new challenges to the global economy, including affecting the inflation expectations of individuals. In this paper, we aim to quantify the effect of ...

Afunts, Geghetsik; Cato, M.; Schmidt, T.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2023

Vývoj postojů české veřejnosti k válečným uprchlíkům z Ukrajiny
Münich, Daniel; Protivínský, Tomáš
2023 - Czech Po vojenském útoku Ruska na Ukrajinu koncem února 2022 v Česku převládla atmosféra solidarity a většina Čechů přijímání válečných uprchlíků podporovala. Tato podpora do konce listopadu klesla zhruba o čtvrtinu. Podobně se zhoršovala vnímaná míra integrace Ukrajinců do české společnosti. Změna postojů české společnosti v čase však nevycházela primárně z osobní zkušenosti a z prožitého příchodu uprchlíků, ale souvisela spíše s postupně opadávajícím zájmem po vypuknutí konfliktu a prvotním šoku. Ačkoli se integrace Ukrajinců v některých dimenzích ve druhé polovině roku 2022 reálně zlepšila, například ve školách nebo na trhu práce, do vnímání české společnosti se tyto dílčí pokroky nepromítly. In the wake of Russia’s military assault on Ukraine at the end of February 2022, an atmosphere of solidarity prevailed in the Czech Republic and most of the Czech population supported the country’s intake of war refugees. By the end of November 2022, that support had fallen by approximately one quarter. Czechs’ perceptions of how well integrated Ukrainians were into Czech society worsened similarly. This change in Czech public attitudes over time did not, however, stem primarily from personal or first hand experience of welcoming refugees, rather, it was related to a gradual decrease in public interest in the conflict after the initial shock of it first beginning. Although several aspects of Ukrainian refugees’ integration improved in real terms in the second half of 2022, for example in relation to schools and to the labour market, this progress was not reflected in Czech public opinion. Keywords: Ukrainian refugees; views and attitudes; Czech Republic Fulltext is available at external website. Vývoj postojů české veřejnosti k válečným uprchlíkům z Ukrajiny

Po vojenském útoku Ruska na Ukrajinu koncem února 2022 v Česku převládla atmosféra solidarity a většina Čechů přijímání válečných uprchlíků podporovala. Tato podpora do konce listopadu klesla zhruba o ...

Münich, Daniel; Protivínský, Tomáš
Národohospodářský ústav, 2023

Snížila by větší bytová výstavba cenový růst nemovitostí v letech 2013–2021? Pravděpodobně ne
Šustek, R.; Zapletalová, Lucie
2023 - Czech Tato studie představuje snadno aplikovatelnou metodu pro studium vývoje cen rezidenčních nemovitostí a faktorů, které je ovlivňují. Obsahem studie je popis základní logiky metody, výsledky jejího použití k analýze růstu cen nemovitostí v ČR v letech 2013–2021 a výsledky analýzy možných budoucích scénářů. This study presents an easily applicable method for the study of price trends in residential property markets and the factors that affect them. The study describes the basic reasoning behind the method and presents results of using it to analyse house price increases in the Czech Republic during the period of 2013-2021, and to analyse various future housing market scenarios. Keywords: residential property markets; house prices; Czech Republic Fulltext is available at external website. Snížila by větší bytová výstavba cenový růst nemovitostí v letech 2013–2021? Pravděpodobně ne

Tato studie představuje snadno aplikovatelnou metodu pro studium vývoje cen rezidenčních nemovitostí a faktorů, které je ovlivňují. Obsahem studie je popis základní logiky metody, výsledky jejího ...

Šustek, R.; Zapletalová, Lucie
Národohospodářský ústav, 2023

TESTING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES AND THE AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF QUASIPERIODIC TWO TIME-SCALE MODELS
Papáček, Štěpán; Matonoha, Ctirad
2023 - English Some dynamical systems are characterized by more than one timescale, e.g. two well separated time-scales are typical for quasiperiodic systems. The aim of this paper is to show how singular perturbation methods based on the slow-fast decomposition can serve for an enhanced parameter estimation when the slowly changing features are rigorously treated. Although the ultimate goal is to reduce the standard error for the estimated parameters, here we test two methods for numerical approximations of the solution of associated forward problem: (i) the multiple time-scales method, and (ii) the method of averaging. On a case study, being an under-damped harmonic oscillator containing two state variables and two parameters, the method of averaging gives well (theoretically predicted) results, while the use of multiple time-scales method is not suitable for our purposes. Keywords: Dynamical system; Singular perturbation; Averaging; Parameter estimation; Slow-fast decomposition; Damped oscillations Fulltext is available at external website. TESTING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES AND THE AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF QUASIPERIODIC TWO TIME-SCALE MODELS

Some dynamical systems are characterized by more than one timescale, e.g. two well separated time-scales are typical for quasiperiodic systems. The aim of this paper is to show how singular ...

Papáček, Štěpán; Matonoha, Ctirad
Ústav teorie informace a automatizace, 2023

GA 19-07635S: Outputs and Results
Rehák, Branislav
2023 - English This manuscript aims to deliver a survey of results obtained during the solution of the project No. GA19-07635S of the Czech Science Foundation. The timespan dedicated to the work on this project was 1.3.2019 - 30.6.2022. The main area dealt with were\nnonlinear multi-agent systems and their synchronization, further, attention was paid to some auxiliary results in the area of nonlinear observers. This Report briefly introduces the Project, provides a summary of the results obtained and also sketches an outline how these results will be applied and extended in future. Keywords: multi-agent systems; nonlinear multi-agent systems; synchronization Fulltext is available at external website. GA 19-07635S: Outputs and Results

This manuscript aims to deliver a survey of results obtained during the solution of the project No. GA19-07635S of the Czech Science Foundation. The timespan dedicated to the work on this project was ...

Rehák, Branislav
Ústav teorie informace a automatizace, 2023

2TDK Railway, profile P18. Datings. Final Report.
Bosák, Pavel; Zupan Hajna, N.; Hercman, H.; Horáček, I.; Kdýr, Šimon; Kogovšek, B.
2023 - English Samples for datings were taken in the railway construction (2TDK) near village of Divača, Classical Karst on October 12, 2021: (1) vertebrate bones in cave 2TDK – 002 at the profile P18, cave entrance appeared during the construction operations on cleaned karst surface in a wall of karst depression. Samples of mammal bones and gastropods were collected in situ on cave bottom, and (2) pieces of speleothems occurring in non in situ position on artificially planated surface near the cave opening were collected. U-series: no numerical date was obtained as geochemistry of sample indicate open system, probably due to recrystallization of sample in soil cover. Paleomagnetism: The transition of N- and R-polarized samples cannot be identified more precisely as U-series radiometric dating yielded no numerical results. The transition easily can represent Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (at 773 ka) as well as any of older such transitions (e. g., base of Jaramillo, base of Olduvai). In any case the speleothem grew in a closed cave space with roof, probably as flowstone (inclusion of red soils above the base) and later as baldachin on eroded allogenic fill of the paleocave. Vertebrate paleontology: bone remains of small and larger vertebrates represent subrecent to Holocene species. Sorex alpinus represents the species quite rare in fossil record, but recetly limited to variegated woodland habitats with high surface humidity. A chamois Rupicapra rupicapra represents a resident species present in Slovenia throughout all stages of a glacial cycle, recently restricted to mountain habitats. Keywords: Divača Karst; unroofed cave; speleothem; U-Th dating; paleomagnetism; zoopaleontology Available at various institutes of the ASCR 2TDK Railway, profile P18. Datings. Final Report.

Samples for datings were taken in the railway construction (2TDK) near village of Divača, Classical Karst on October 12, 2021: (1) vertebrate bones in cave 2TDK – 002 at the profile P18, cave entrance ...

Bosák, Pavel; Zupan Hajna, N.; Hercman, H.; Horáček, I.; Kdýr, Šimon; Kogovšek, B.
Geologický ústav, 2023

Zoologické dny Brno 2023: sborník abstraktů z konference 9.-10. února 2023
Bryja, Josef; Horsák, M.; Horsáková, V.
2023 - Czech Keywords: zoology; conference Fulltext is available at external website. Zoologické dny Brno 2023: sborník abstraktů z konference 9.-10. února 2023

Bryja, Josef; Horsák, M.; Horsáková, V.
Ústav biologie obratlovců, 2023

Analýza malty z 19. století
Bauerová, Pavla; Frankeová, Dita; Slížková, Zuzana; Vondráčková, Michaela
2023 - Czech Chemické a mineralogické složení pojiva a plniva malty pomocí elektronové mikroskopie (SEM-EDS) a termické analýzy Chemical and mineralogical composition of the binder and the aggregates of the mortar, using SEM-EDS and thermal analysis Keywords: SEM-EDS analysis; historic mortar; hydraulic lime; decalcification; carbonatization Available at various institutes of the ASCR Analýza malty z 19. století

Chemické a mineralogické složení pojiva a plniva malty pomocí elektronové mikroskopie (SEM-EDS) a termické analýzy...

Bauerová, Pavla; Frankeová, Dita; Slížková, Zuzana; Vondráčková, Michaela
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2023

Some modifications of the limited-memory variable metric optimization methods
Vlček, Jan; Lukšan, Ladislav
2023 - English Several modifications of the limited-memory variable metric (or quasi-Newton) line search methods for large scale unconstrained optimization are investigated. First the block version of the symmetric rank-one (SR1) update formula is derived in a similar way as for the block BFGS update in Vlˇcek and Lukˇsan (Numerical Algorithms 2019). The block SR1 formula is then modified to obtain an update which can reduce the required number of arithmetic operations per iteration. Since it usually violates the corresponding secant conditions, this update is combined with the shifting investigated in Vlˇcek and Lukˇsan (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2006). Moreover, a new efficient way how to realize the limited-memory shifted BFGS method is proposed. For a class of methods based on the generalized shifted economy BFGS update, global convergence is established. A numerical comparison with the standard L-BFGS and BNS methods is given. Keywords: unconstrained minimization; variable metric methods; limited-memory methods; variationally derived methods; arithmetic operations reduction; global convergence Available in a digital repository NRGL Some modifications of the limited-memory variable metric optimization methods

Several modifications of the limited-memory variable metric (or quasi-Newton) line search methods for large scale unconstrained optimization are investigated. First the block version of the symmetric ...

Vlček, Jan; Lukšan, Ladislav
Ústav informatiky, 2023