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Variation of glomalin content in the Czech soils and the relationships to the chemical soil characteristics and climatic regions
Polách, Vojtěch; Patra, Sneha; Klem, Karel
2021 - English
Glomalin is being investigated as a substance that improves soil quality, the resistance of soil aggregates and play a role in carbon sequestration. This study is the first nationwide survey of the glomalin content in the soil. Soil samples were collected from 181 locations in the Czech Republic to describe the variability of glomalin content in the soils of the Czech Republic and its dependence on soil chemical properties and climatic area. Sodium citrate buffer was used to extract easily extractable glomalin (EEG), and the glomalin concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. The soil glomalin content correlates most with the ratio of humic and fulvic acids. Moreover, the interrelation between glomalin content and climatic regions was also observed. The content of glomalin decreases from the warmest regions to the coldest. We also compared the glomalin content among different soil types groups and found out that the lowest glomalin content was found in Entic Podzols and Gleysols. On the contrary, the highest glomalin content was found in Vertisols, Phaeozems and Luvisols.
Keywords:
glomalin; humic and hulvic acids; climatic regions; soil types
Fulltext is available at external website.
Variation of glomalin content in the Czech soils and the relationships to the chemical soil characteristics and climatic regions
Glomalin is being investigated as a substance that improves soil quality, the resistance of soil aggregates and play a role in carbon sequestration. This study is the first nationwide survey of the ...
Comparing of observed and simulated field crop production in HERMES2Go model at Hněvčeves locality
Bohuslav, Jakub; Kersebaum, Kurt Christian; Madaras, M.; Hlavinka, Petr; Trnka, Miroslav; Žalud, Zdeněk
2021 - English
The main objective of this study was calibration and testing of crop growth model \nHERMES2Go under long–term field experiment in Hněvčeves locality (coordinate 50°18´N, 15°43´E, \naltitude 265 m.a.s.l.). Observed data of yields and the other parameters like a weather data, soil \nparameters, management practice, phenology phases etc. monitored in last 38 years was used for model \ncalibration. Input parameters were available for 4 different fertilizer practices: i) control, ii) manure, iii) \nmineral fertilizer and iv) manure together with mineral fertilizer on each plot. Observed data are \navailable for yields of main and by–product and above ground biomass. The main grown crops were \nsugar beet, spring barley, winter wheat, silage maize, oat and alfalfa. Outputs of the model for main \nproduct are relatively accurate, but values of by–product requires additional calibration parameters \nsettings together with above–ground biomass.
Keywords:
hermes2go; long–term experiments; simulation; yield; field crops
Fulltext is available at external website.
Comparing of observed and simulated field crop production in HERMES2Go model at Hněvčeves locality
The main objective of this study was calibration and testing of crop growth model \nHERMES2Go under long–term field experiment in Hněvčeves locality (coordinate 50°18´N, 15°43´E, \naltitude 265 ...
Vertikální profil koncentrace a toku aerosolových částic nad ornou půdou
Zapletal, Miloš; Hovorka, J.; Hladík, J.; Juráň, Stanislav
2019 - Czech
V současné době představuje imisní zátěž území a obyvatelstva pevnými/kapalnými nebo směsnými částicemi o velikosti 1 nm – 100 μm suspendovanými v atmosféře, neboli PM, jeden z největších problémů nejen v České republice, ale prakticky v celé Evropě. Vysoké koncentrace PM jsou spojeny s velkým množstvím zdravotních problémů. Mezi ně patří respirační poruchy a zvýšené riziko rakoviny plic a kůže (WHO, 2006). V ČR je dlouhodobá expozice PM důležitým faktorem zodpovědným za snížení kvality života obyvatel. Mezi nejzávažnější účinky, pokud jde o celkovou zdravotní zátěž, patří významné snížení průměrné délky života (WHO, 2006). Dopravní a průmyslové činnosti jsou obecně považovány za hlavní zdroj částic PM10. Existující informace o chemickém složení, velikostním rozložení, podílu sekundárních částic a depozičním toku částic na různé typy povrchů jsou doposud neúplné. Měření koncentrace aerosolu bylo provedeno v mnoha městech na úrovni ulic nebo pro hodnocení osobní expozice (Kaur et al., 2005, Longley et al., 2004). Byla provedena eddy kovariační měření emisního toku částic nad velkými městskými aglomeracemi (Dorsey et al., 2002, Järvi et al., 2009, Martin et al., 2009, Deventer et al., 2013). Přímé měření emisního toku částic eddy kovariační metodou poskytlo informaci o vzestupném proudění vzduchu a vertikální výměně částic nad některými městskými aglomeracemi (např. Manchesterem, Londýnem, Helsinkami). Popis měření toku částic eddy kovariační metodou z letadla je uveden v práci Buzoriuse et al. (2006). Méně informací existuje o emisním toku částic nad různými druhy zdrojů v různých výškách např. nad ornou půdou, povrchových uhelným dolem nebo lokálními topeništi. At present, the immission load of the territory and population by solid / liquid or mixed particles with the size of 1 nm - 100 μm suspended in the atmosphere, or PM, is one of the biggest problems not only in the Czech Republic but practically throughout Europe. High PM concentrations are associated with a large number of health problems. These include respiratory disorders and an increased risk of lung and skin cancer (WHO, 2006). In the Czech Republic, long-term exposure to PM is an important factor responsible for reducing the quality of life of the population. Among the most serious effects in terms of overall health burden is a significant reduction in life expectancy (WHO, 2006). Transport and industrial activities are generally considered to be the main source of PM10 particles. Existing information on the chemical composition, size distribution, secondary particle fraction and deposition flux of particles on different types of surfaces is still incomplete. Aerosol concentration measurements have been performed in many cities at street level or for personal exposure assessment (Kaur et al., 2005, Longley et al., 2004). Eddy covariance measurements of particulate emission flux over large urban agglomerations were performed (Dorsey et al., 2002, Järvi et al., 2009, Martin et al., 2009, Deventer et al., 2013). Direct measurement of the emission flux of the eddy particles by the covariation method provided information on the upward air flow and vertical particle exchange over some urban agglomerations (eg Manchester, London, Helsinki). A description of the measurement of the eddy particle flow by the covariance method from an aircraft is given in Buzorius et al. (2006). Less information exists on the emission flux of particles above different types of sources at different heights, eg above arable land, opencast coal mine or local fireplaces.
Keywords:
Particulate Matter; PM concentration; Eddy Covariance
Fulltext is available at external website.
Vertikální profil koncentrace a toku aerosolových částic nad ornou půdou
V současné době představuje imisní zátěž území a obyvatelstva pevnými/kapalnými nebo směsnými částicemi o velikosti 1 nm – 100 μm suspendovanými v atmosféře, neboli PM, jeden z největších problémů ...
Assessment of the Estimates of Sun-induced Fluorescence in large masses of Vegetation
Rodriguez-Moreno, Fernando; Zemek, František; Pikl, Miroslav
2019 - English
The remote estimation of the sun-induced fluorescence has been successful in fields in which, in addition to the measurements for the verification, there is also a detailed characterization\nof the atmosphere, besides being an optimal environment, flat surface without interferences. Revealing the fluorescence is a process of precision because the minimum error tolerated forces each element of the chain to fulfill its function exactly and consistently. The detailed monitoring of a flight line is not feasible, hence the uncertainty in this process and the reason for the series of publications with the new estimation of fluorescence.
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Assessment of the Estimates of Sun-induced Fluorescence in large masses of Vegetation
The remote estimation of the sun-induced fluorescence has been successful in fields in which, in addition to the measurements for the verification, there is also a detailed characterization\nof the ...
A 5 year´s source apportionment study of black carbon from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion at a rural background site
Mbengue, Saliou; Šerfözö, Norbert; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Holubová, Adéla; Holoubek, Ivan
2019 - English
The impacts of Black Carbon (BC) on adverse public health and Earth’s climate system have been recognized and evidenced in recent decades. Most of the studies on BC were conducted in urban/traffic areas. There are relatively few studies using real-time measurements of BC at rural background areas, especially in Central Europe. This study is a 5-year characterization of BC from biomass burning (BCbb) and fossil fuel combustion (BCff) at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (49°35ʹ N, 15°05ʹ E), in central Czech Republic. The measurements of BC in PM10 were performed at 4 m above the ground with a multiple wavelength aethalometer (AE31, Magee Scientific). Paralell measurement of trace gases (NO2, NOx and SO2), biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and mannosan) and meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed and direction) were also performed at the station.
Keywords:
black carbon; biomass; fossil fuels
Available in a digital repository NRGL
A 5 year´s source apportionment study of black carbon from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion at a rural background site
The impacts of Black Carbon (BC) on adverse public health and Earth’s climate system have been recognized and evidenced in recent decades. Most of the studies on BC were conducted in urban/traffic ...
Source apportionment of equivalent black carbon (ebc) at a regional blackground site in central europe
Mbengue, Saliou; Šerfözö, Norbert; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Holubová, Adéla; Holoubek, I.
2019 - English
This study focuses on a 5-year measurement of equivalent Black carbon (EBC) at a regional background site in Central Europe. The aim is to identify the potential sources of EBC, especially fossil fuel (ff) and biomass burning (bb). Measurements of EBC in PM10 were performed from September 2012 to December 2017 at NAOK (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice, 49°35ʹ N, 15°05ʹ E), central Czech Republic, with a 7-wavelength aethalometer (AE31, Magee Scientific). The aethalometer model, based on the wavelength dependence of light absorption (Angstrom coefficient), has been used to estimate EBCbb (EBC from biomass burning) and EBCff (EBC from traffic). The influence of local and distant sources has been investigated using the Conditional Probability Function (CPF) and Backward Trajectories Cluster Analysis (BTCA).\nClear seasonal, diurnal and weekly variations of EBC were observed at the NAOK that could be related to the sources fluctuations and transport characteristic. The higher concentrations of EBC were measured during winter (1.00 ±0.87 μg m-3) in comparison with summer (0.44 ±0.29 μg m-3).\n
Keywords:
equivalent black carbon; source apportionment; biomass burning; fossil fuel
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Source apportionment of equivalent black carbon (ebc) at a regional blackground site in central europe
This study focuses on a 5-year measurement of equivalent Black carbon (EBC) at a regional background site in Central Europe. The aim is to identify the potential sources of EBC, especially fossil fuel ...
New particle formation measurement down to 1.2 nm at noak
Holubová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír
2019 - English
Atmospheric aerosols influence Earths climatic system and human health. Role of aerosols in climatic system still includes uncertainties strongly influencing model simulations (Zhao et al. \n2018). One of the uncertainties is caused by secondary aerosol formation and their consequent growth. Nucleation of aerosol particles is a process determined by presence of aerosol precursors in atmosphere and by ambient atmospheric conditions (Dada et al. 2017). \nSince new particle formation (NPF) events have been observed in many types of environment (Kulmala et al. 2004), we have focused on NPF events at background station in the Czech Republic, representative for central European region. In this study we investigate NPF process of aerosol clusters from 1.2 nm in size.\n
Keywords:
particle formation; particle measurement; Atmospheric boundary layer; NAOK
Available in a digital repository NRGL
New particle formation measurement down to 1.2 nm at noak
Atmospheric aerosols influence Earths climatic system and human health. Role of aerosols in climatic system still includes uncertainties strongly influencing model simulations (Zhao et al. \n2018). ...
Effects of urbanization on the landscape of a Modern City in Ghana: A case study of sunyani
Boateng, K. A.; Mensah, Caleb; Agyei, Thomas; Švik, Marian
2018 - English
According to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, changes in land use through urbanization and agriculture are the key anthropogenic effects of climate change. Thus, the preservation of natural environment of urban areas is essential for conserving water and soil, while still adjusting the microclimatic variables (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc.) and stabilizing the natural ecological system from destruction. It has been observed that most parts of city's green vegetation have been lost due to housing developments and commercial activities. This study was carried out to assess the effect of the change in land use on a modern city like Sunyani, by observing the significant changes in vegetation cover from LANDSAT TM imagery over a 31-year period (1986-2017). From the study, there was significant decline of vegetation cover from 1986 to 1999, and no significant change from 1999 to 2017. There were also significant changes in the built-up areas from 1986 to 1999 and no significant change from 1999 to 2017. Adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies that maintain open green vegetation is recommended for future city planning.
Keywords:
Climate change; Green vegetation; landsat; Open green spaces; Urbanization
Fulltext is available at external website.
Effects of urbanization on the landscape of a Modern City in Ghana: A case study of sunyani
According to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, changes in land use through urbanization and agriculture are the key anthropogenic effects of climate change. ...
Characterization of equivalent black carbon (ebc) at a regional backgound site in Central Europe: Variability and source identification
Mbengue, Saliou; Šerfözö, Norbert; Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla; Holoubek, Ivan
2018 - English
Black carbon (BC) is recognized to play an important role on adverse public health and in the Earth’s climate system (Bond et al., 2013). It is the most efficient light-absorbing aerosol species in the visible spectrum emitted as primary pollutant from a variety of combustion related sources. Although measurements of Equivalent Black Carbon (EBC) with multiple wavelength aethalometer have been used to provide insights regarding the influence of fossil fuel (traffic emissions) and wood smoke in ambient air (Sandradewi et al., 2008, Vaishya et al 2017), scarce studies have been reported in Eastern Central Europe using real-time EBC measurements.\nThis study focuses on the seasonal, diurnal and weekly trends of EBC at a regional background site in Central Europe during a 5-year measurement. Our aim is to identify the potential sources of EBC, especially the influence from fossil fuel and biomass burning.
Keywords:
Equivalent Black Carbon; 7-wavelength aethalometer; Ångström absorption exponent; Delta-C; BC variability and sources
Fulltext is available at external website.
Characterization of equivalent black carbon (ebc) at a regional backgound site in Central Europe: Variability and source identification
Black carbon (BC) is recognized to play an important role on adverse public health and in the Earth’s climate system (Bond et al., 2013). It is the most efficient light-absorbing aerosol species in ...
Effects of urbanization on the landscape of a Modern City in Ghana: A case study of sunyani
Boateng, K. A.; Mensah, Caleb; Agyei, Thomas; Švik, Marian
2018 - English
Changes in land use through urbanization and agriculture are the key anthropogenic effects of climate change. Thus, the preservation of natural environment of urban areas is essential for conserving water and soil, while still adjusting the microclimatic variables (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc.) and stabilizing the natural ecological system from destruction. It has been observed that most parts of city's green vegetation have been lost due to housing developments and commercial activities. This study was carried out to assess the effect of the change in land use on a modern city like Sunyani, by observing the significant changes in vegetation cover from LANDSAT TM imagery over a 31-year period (1986 – 2017). From the study, there was significant decline of vegetation cover from 1986 to 1999, and no significant change from 1999 to 2017. There were also significant changes in the built-up areas from 1986 to 1999 and no significant change from 1999 to 2017. Adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies that maintain open green vegetation is recommended for future city planning.
Keywords:
climate change; green vegetation; landsat; open green spaces; urbanization
Fulltext is available at external website.
Effects of urbanization on the landscape of a Modern City in Ghana: A case study of sunyani
Changes in land use through urbanization and agriculture are the key anthropogenic effects of climate change. Thus, the preservation of natural environment of urban areas is essential for conserving ...
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