Characterizing contrasting soils and sediments with semispecific actinomycete r-DNA PCR primers
Hill, P.; Krištůfek, Václav; Caballero, S.; Kroetsch, D. J.; Rauch, Ota
2004 - English Most molecular biological studies of the soil characterise a few soils or sediments under a range of treatments or over a limited time. It is difficult to compare results between studies due to variations in DNA extraction method and PCR conditions. High diversity of the soil bacterial population means that it is impossible to characterise many soils through cloning and sequencing and that finger prints are often blurred and difficult to interpret. We compare a broad range of soils and zoo/anthropogenic sediments with actinomycete specific primers. ARDRA and cloning showed that these primers amplified mainly verrucomicrobia from tropical, temperate and sub-arctic soils and actinomycetes from biologically active and urban street sediments. We found two new groups that were broadly distributed in soils: a new actinomycete family and the AD-3 candidate division that was found in acid tropical and sub-arctic soils Většina molekulárně biologických studií půd charakterizuje půdy nebo sedimenty větší škálou přístupů. Není snadné porovnat výsledky mezi studiemi, neboť se používají různé metody DNA extrakce a PCR podmínek. Vysoká diverzita půdního bakteriálního společenstva způsobuje nemožnost charakterizovat velké množství půdních vzorků klonováním a sekvenováním a fingerprinty jsou často nečitelné a těžko interpretovatelné. Porovnali jsme širokou škálu půd a zoo/antropogenních sedimentů použitím specifických aktinomycetových primerů. ARDRA a klonování ukázaly, že tyto primery amplifikovaly hlavně verrucomicrobia z půd odebraných v tropických, mírných a subartických oblastí a aktinomycety z biologicky aktivních a městských sedimentů. Nalezli jsme dvě nové skupiny, které byly široce zastoupené v kyselé a sub-arktické půdě: novou čeleď aktinomycetů a kandidáta AD-3 divize Keywords: contrasting soils; sediments; semispecific actinomycete r-DNA PCR primers Available at various institutes of the ASCR Characterizing contrasting soils and sediments with semispecific actinomycete r-DNA PCR primers

Most molecular biological studies of the soil characterise a few soils or sediments under a range of treatments or over a limited time. It is difficult to compare results between studies due to ...

Hill, P.; Krištůfek, Václav; Caballero, S.; Kroetsch, D. J.; Rauch, Ota
Ústav půdní biologie, 2004

Growth and composition characteristics of functional groups of the soil microbial community
Černá, B.; Elhottová, Dana; Šantrůčková, Hana
2004 - English Oxyggen consumption was used for measuring growth parameters of functional microbial groups in two soils of different texture after addition of mineral, sugar-ammonium and complex media. Phospholipid fatty acids analysis (PLFA) was used to determine differences in community composition and structure. Growth parameters and composition based on a complete PLFA pattern of the microbial community, changed as a response to medium addition and type of incubation. The proportion of actinomycetes decreased whereas the proportion of fungi increased after addition both of the sugar-ammonium and complex media. Gram-negative bacteria dominated after addition of the substrates rich carbon source, while Gram-positive bacteria prevailed after addition of the carbon and nitrogen rich medium. Spotřeba kyslíku byla použita pro měření růstových parametrů funkčních skupin ve dvou půdách s různou texturou inkubovaných s přídavkem tří médií lišících se typem C- a N-substrátu. Analýza fosfolipidických mastných kyselin (PLFA) byla použita k určení rozdílů ve složení a struktuře mikrobiálních společenstev sledovaných půdních vzorků. Růstové parametry i PLFA složení společenstev se lišily v závislosti na typu média. Přídavek jednoduchého i komplexního C-N-zdroje způsobil pokles zastoupení aktinomycétů ve prospěch rozvoje mikromycétů. Zastoupení Gram-negativních bakterií se zvyšovalo po přídavku glukózy. Keywords: soil microbial community; growth parameters; composition characteristics Available at various institutes of the ASCR Growth and composition characteristics of functional groups of the soil microbial community

Oxyggen consumption was used for measuring growth parameters of functional microbial groups in two soils of different texture after addition of mineral, sugar-ammonium and complex media. Phospholipid ...

Černá, B.; Elhottová, Dana; Šantrůčková, Hana
Ústav půdní biologie, 2004

Methodological approaches for studying of biodiversity in soils
Šimek, Miloslav; Krištůfek, Václav
2004 - English Soil has many ecological and human-linked functions which can be fulfilled mostly due to the presence of countless living creatures - soil biota. Diversity of soil organisms is often linked to other important soil attributes, e.g. fertility, productivity, resilience, quality and health, as well as soil degradation. In this paper, concept of soil biodiversity is analysed and traditional and current methodological approaches in studying soil biodiversity are listed and briefly discussed Půda má mnoho ekologických a s lidskými aktivitami souvisejících funkcí, které mohou být naplněny pouze díky přítomnosti organismů v půdě. Diverzita půdních organismů je často vztahována k jiným významným půdním atributům, jako jsou úrodnost, produktivita, resilience, kvalita a zdraví půdy, a také degradace půdy. Práce představuje koncepci půdní biodiverzity a tradiční i moderní metodické přístupy jejího studia Keywords: biodiversity; soils Available at various institutes of the ASCR Methodological approaches for studying of biodiversity in soils

Soil has many ecological and human-linked functions which can be fulfilled mostly due to the presence of countless living creatures - soil biota. Diversity of soil organisms is often linked to other ...

Šimek, Miloslav; Krištůfek, Václav
Ústav půdní biologie, 2004

Fauna of soil nematodes and other soil micro-mesofauna in spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic
Háněl, Ladislav
2002 - English Soil micro- and mesofauna was studied in four spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., covered by vegetation of Junco effusi-Calamagrostietum villosae. The total average abundance of nematodes varied from 1527 to 3864 x 10 3 ind.m-2 in individual localities (mean value 2833 x 10 3 ind.m-2). Root-fungal feeders were the most abundant nematodes mainly represented by Aglenchus agricola (about 50% of all nematodes) and by Filenchus spp. (5%, mostly F. misellus). The second most abundant trophic group were bacterivores (29%,mostly Acrobeloides nanus and Plectus spp.) followed by omnivores (6%, mostly Eudorylaimus spp.). The number of nematode species in individual localities varied from 51 to 57, the number of genera from 29 to 33. Generic heterogeneity of spruce clearing fauna was relatively low (mean H´gen = 1,92), as well as the value of maturity indices (SMI = 2,19, MI = 2,40, PPI = 2,01. (The mean abundance of enchytraeids in the set of localities studied was 55 x 10 3 ind.m-2, of rotifers 134 x 10 3 ind.m-2, of tardigrades 125 x 10 3 ind.m-2, and of copepods 5 x 10 3 ind.m-2. Keywords: Nematoda; Enchytraeidae; spruce clearings Available at various institutes of the ASCR Fauna of soil nematodes and other soil micro-mesofauna in spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic

Soil micro- and mesofauna was studied in four spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., covered by vegetation of Junco effusi-Calamagrostietum villosae. The total average abundance of nematodes varied from ...

Háněl, Ladislav
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002

Soil algae of spruce forests at Smrčina and Plechý (Šumava Mts.)
Lukešová, Alena
2002 - English Keywords: communities; diversity; selective tree cutting Available at various institutes of the ASCR Soil algae of spruce forests at Smrčina and Plechý (Šumava Mts.)

Lukešová, Alena
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002

Genus Melogona Cook, 1895 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Chordeumatidae) in Slovakia
Mock, A.; Tajovský, Karel
2002 - English The genus Melogona Cook, 1895 involves millipede species widely distributed in Europe both in natural and synanthropic habitats. Nevertheless the information about distribution of individual representatives of this genus are still fragmentary and incomplete. In comparison with surrounding Central European countries, there were no records about these millipedes in Slovakia to date. Due to intense faunistic and ecological research in several last years, there were obtained the first data about the distribution and ecology of three species of this genus on the territory of Slovakia and preliminary results were summarised. Melogona broelemanni and Melogona voigti were recorded in man influenced habitats, while Melogona transsilvanica was found in natural localities. Keywords: millipedes; Melogona; Slovakia Available at various institutes of the ASCR Genus Melogona Cook, 1895 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Chordeumatidae) in Slovakia

The genus Melogona Cook, 1895 involves millipede species widely distributed in Europe both in natural and synanthropic habitats. Nevertheless the information about distribution of individual ...

Mock, A.; Tajovský, Karel
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002

Mycotic flora in vermicultures and intestines of Eisenia andrei
Nováková, Alena; Pižl, Václav
2002 - English In spring and autumn 2000, microscopic fungi associated with fresh and processed substrates and with the intestines of Eisenia andrei were studied in three vermiculture plants differing in their productivity. 119 species and 6 forms of microscopic fungi were isolated. Of those, 97 taxa were recorded from vermiculture substrates and 76 taxa from worm intestines. In vermiculture substrates, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium expansum and P. roquefortii were dominant among taxa isolated by soil dilution plate method, and Rhizopus stolonifer was most frequently isolated by soil washing technique. A. fumigatus, Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides and P. expansum predominated in the intestines of earthworms. Processed vermiculture substrates regularly yielded higher numbers of cultivable micromycetes (CFU-counts) than fresh ones. The CFU-counts of earthworm intestines were close to those of processed substrates in two vermiculture plants studied. In the third plant, however, intestinal CFU-count was the same as that found in fresh vermiculture substrate. Keywords: microscopic fungi; Eisenia andrei; vermicultures Available at various institutes of the ASCR Mycotic flora in vermicultures and intestines of Eisenia andrei

In spring and autumn 2000, microscopic fungi associated with fresh and processed substrates and with the intestines of Eisenia andrei were studied in three vermiculture plants differing in their ...

Nováková, Alena; Pižl, Václav
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002

Potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids for saprophagous soil invertebrates
Elhottová, Dana; Frouz, Jan; Krištůfek, Václav; Lukešová, Alena; Nováková, Alena; Tříska, Jan
2002 - English Main sources of important nutritionally compounds - polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) essential in soils animal diet were compared. The highest concentration of PUFA was found in cyanobacteria (namely Antarctic strain Pseudophormidium sp.), followed by fresh litter, algae, fungi and decomposed litter. The PUFA occurrence in bacteria including actinomycetes was rare. Leaf litter is the most important source of PUFA for soil invertebrates in regards to both PUFA concentration and occurrence in soil. The stage of litter decomposition significantly affected the content of all 13 detected PUFA. The total PUFA content decreased significantly during litter decomposition. Enrichment in certain PUFA was observed in the latest stages of litter decomposition, indicating that the soil microflora improves the nutritional value of the decaying ĺitter. Keywords: polyunsaturated fatty acids; soil microorganisms; animal diet Available at various institutes of the ASCR Potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids for saprophagous soil invertebrates

Main sources of important nutritionally compounds - polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) essential in soils animal diet were compared. The highest concentration of PUFA was found in cyanobacteria ...

Elhottová, Dana; Frouz, Jan; Krištůfek, Václav; Lukešová, Alena; Nováková, Alena; Tříska, Jan
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002

Soil macrofauna (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Oniscidea) in a pine forest disturbed by wildfire
Tajovský, Karel
2002 - English The effect of wildfire on the soil invertebrate assemblages was studied after a large-scale fire in 1992 in the secondary pine forests in the Záhorie Lowland, Western Slovakia. Two plots differently affected by fire and one control plot with non-burned pine plantation were investigated during 1993-1995 for soil macrofauna. Soil sampling and pitfall trapping were used and parameters of millipede, centipede and terrestrial isopod assemblages were analyzed in detail. Among the soil macrofauna no survivors were found after the fire. Animal groups possessing a higher ability of migration (e.g. ants, larvae and adults of Diptera and Coleoptera) represented the first colonizers of the completely burned out pine plots. Centipedes, the representatives of predators, migrated and recolonized the open burned out plots more rapidly than saprophagous millipedes and terrestrial isopods, even they formed specific and relatively stable populations in non-disturbed surrounding plantations. Successional development of less disturbed plot was characterized by presence of some millipede and isopod species already during the first year after the fire event. These species (esp. the millipedes Cylindroiulus boleti and Proteroiulus fuscus) represent subcorticolous inhabitants, which explain their higher ability to survive the fire. The slow restoration processes after the wildfire should be attributed more to the destruction and elimination of litter layers and the above ground vegetation cover, rather than to the immediate eradication of soil animal assemblages, since most of them were completely absent after the fire event. Keywords: soil macrofauna; wildfire; restoration; restaurování Available at various institutes of the ASCR Soil macrofauna (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Oniscidea) in a pine forest disturbed by wildfire

The effect of wildfire on the soil invertebrate assemblages was studied after a large-scale fire in 1992 in the secondary pine forests in the Záhorie Lowland, Western Slovakia. Two plots differently ...

Tajovský, Karel
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002

Earthworm communities in spruce forest soils - effects of some natural and anthropogenic factors
Pižl, Václav
2002 - English Earthworm fauna was analysed and compared in 22 natural and man-made spruce forests located in seven regions of the Czech Republic. 14 species of earthworms were identified; among which acidotolerant epigeic species Dendrobaena octaedra, D. illyrica, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Dendrobaena vejdovskyi and Lumbricus rubellus were most frequently recorded. Poor earthworm communities (1-4 species, density 1,2 - 38,4 ind.m-2) inhabited majority of sites. Nevertheless, strong differences occured in their species composition reflecting both the geographical position of sites and the origin of individual forests. Higher density and/or per-site number, of species were always connected with the presence of specific habitats such as water sources, brooks, wood or bark heaps, etc. Earthworm faunas in damaged mountain spruce forests tended to be more abundant than in undamaged forests and to have higher number of species. Denser earthworm populations developed at sites where dead trees were left than at clear-cut ones. Keywords: earthworms; spruce forests; forest dieback Available at various institutes of the ASCR Earthworm communities in spruce forest soils - effects of some natural and anthropogenic factors

Earthworm fauna was analysed and compared in 22 natural and man-made spruce forests located in seven regions of the Czech Republic. 14 species of earthworms were identified; among which acidotolerant ...

Pižl, Václav
Ústav půdní biologie, 2002