No (227)
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Application of DSSAT model to simulated thermophilic crops in central and southern Europe
Potop, V.; Mateescu, C.D.; Türkott, L.; Zahradníček, Pavel; Boroneant, C.; Constantinescu, F.; Iamandei, M.
2016 - English
This study presents applications of DSSAT version 4.5 software package to simulate thermophilic crops. The results are used to identified adaptation options to reduce impacts of climate changes, pest and diseases in thermophilic crops in the central and southeastern Europe, specifically in Elbe River lowland and Romania. For the Czech Republic, experimental research at farm level includes: (1) testing thermophilic assortment of vegetables in Elbe lowland conditions; (2) monitoring the meteorological data, phenological phases, soil characteristics, leaf area and the amount of aboveground biomass on farmer vegetable fields. For Romania, the focus is put on crop water use efficiency under current and future climate scenarios for thermophilic species (maize) in different agricultural sites from south and south-eastern regions. CERES Maize and CROPGRO-vegetables modules embedded in DSSAT were used.
Keywords:
CERES Maize; CROPGRO-tomato; plant protection; climate change
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Application of DSSAT model to simulated thermophilic crops in central and southern Europe
This study presents applications of DSSAT version 4.5 software package to simulate thermophilic crops. The results are used to identified adaptation options to reduce impacts of climate changes, pest ...
Detection of drought events using combination of satellite data and soil moisture modelling
Semerádová, Daniela; Trnka, Miroslav; Hlavinka, Petr; Balek, Jan; Bohovič, Roman; Tadesse, T.; Hayes, M.; Wardlow, B.; Žalud, Zdeněk
2016 - English
The use of satellite data offers a potentially well usable tool to accurate drought monitoring. The study examines the space-time possibility of agricultural drought detection using freely available data from the MODIS instrument onboard Terra and Aqua satellites that reflects vegetation condition. Vegetation greenness metrics used in this study are based on the spectral reflectance curves in the visible red and near-infrared part of the spectrum and are expressed in relation to the average for the period of 2000-2014. The results are presented in weekly time step for the whole area of the Czech Republic, and are compared to the drought monitor system, based on the SoilClim dynamic model for soil water content estimates. These data, as well as other parameters, such as soil properties and land use, are integrated at 500 meters spatial resolution.
Keywords:
vegetation; modis; products; drought monitor; remote sensing; modis; ndvi; seasonal greenness
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Detection of drought events using combination of satellite data and soil moisture modelling
The use of satellite data offers a potentially well usable tool to accurate drought monitoring. The study examines the space-time possibility of agricultural drought detection using freely available ...
Comparison of drought effect on young coppiced and standard individuals of sessile oak
Stojanović, Marko; Čater, M.; Pokorný, Radek
2016 - English
Assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency (quantum yield) of young oaks were compared in coppice and standard sessile oak stands of comparable age (100-120 years) under different light intensity categories. Measurements of assimilation response were performed during three consecutive growing seasons (2012, 2013 and 2014). In every category 8 young oaks of generative origin and same number of coppice sprouts of different stool were measured. The quantum yield in optimal conditions in standards was highest in the category A of closed canopy, while in coppices in category C. During severe drought in 2013 the drop in efficiency of standards was evident in all categories, while in coppices no differences in efficiency were confirmed between optimal and drought stress, proving the advantage of young coppices over standards.
Keywords:
coppice; standards; photosynthetic response; quantum yield; light conditions; drought response
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Comparison of drought effect on young coppiced and standard individuals of sessile oak
Assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency (quantum yield) of young oaks were compared in coppice and standard sessile oak stands of comparable age (100-120 years) under different light intensity ...
Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic
Vačkář, David; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana; Sylla, Marta; Grammatikopoulou, Ioanna; Whitham, Charlote; Emmer, Adam; Pártl, Adam
2016 - English
The report summarises the activities conducted within the project “Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic”. The project was led by the Department of Human Dimensions of Global Change, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, with support from the Czech-UNDP Trust Fund (CTF). This 6-month project worked closely with several key stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic including primarily: The National Statistical Committee (NSC), The State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The aims of the project were to build capacity for experimental ecosystem accounting (SEEA EEA) in the form of three stakeholder consultation workshops and continuous project collaboration with Kyrgyz partners and experts, mapping and mobilizing available data sources for SEEA EEA, and compiling pilot experimental ecosystem accounts for the Kyzyl Unkur leshoz in collaboration with project partners in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Keywords:
Ecosystem accounting; environmental statistics; ecosystem services; capacity building; stakeholder consultation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic
The report summarises the activities conducted within the project “Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic”. The project was led by the Department of Human Dimensions of ...
Potential of the sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands for estimation of eco-physiological plant parameters
Malenovský, Zbyněk; Homolová, Lucie; Janoutová, Růžena; Landier, L.; Gastelluetchegorry, J-P.; Bertholt, B.; Huck, A.
2016 - English
In this study we investigated importance of the spaceborne instrument Sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands and reconstructed red edge position (REP) for retrieval of the three eco-physiological plant parameters, leaf and canopy chlorophyll content and leaf area index (LAI), in case of maize agricultural fields and beech and spruce forest stands. Sentinel-2 spectral bands and REP of the investigated vegetation canopies were simulated in the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model. Their potential for estimation of the plant parameters was assessed through training support vector regressions (SVR) and examining their P-vector matrices indicatingsignificance of each input. The trained SVR were then applied on Sentinel-2 simulated images and the acquired\nestimates were cross-compared with results from high spatial resolution airborne retrievals. Results showed that contribution of REP was significant for canopy chlorophyll content, but less significant for leaf chlorophyll content and insignificant for leaf area index estimations. However, the red edge spectral bands contributed strongly to the retrievals of all parameters, especially canopy and leaf chlorophyll content. Application of SVR on Sentinel-2 simulated images demonstrated, in general, an overestimation of leaf chlorophyll content and an underestimation of LAI when compared to the reciprocal airborne estimates. In the follow-up investigation, we will apply the trained SVR algorithms on real Sentinel-2 multispectral images acquired during vegetation seasons 2015 and 2016.
Keywords:
canopy chlorophyll; image acquisition; physiological models; high spatial resolution; vegetation cabioy; agricultural fields; leaf chlorophyll content; multispectral images; space-borne instruments; support vector regression (SVR); vegetation canopy
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Potential of the sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands for estimation of eco-physiological plant parameters
In this study we investigated importance of the spaceborne instrument Sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands and reconstructed red edge position (REP) for retrieval of the three eco-physiological plant ...
The usage of algae in biogas transformation
Paroulkova, P.; Sukačová, Kateřina; Murgasová, K.; Vítěz, T.; Chovanec, J.
2016 - English
Using of algae in a biogas transformation is still in the beginning. However, the microalgae have large potential from the perspective of growing demands on biogas quality and trend of using,natural resources. First of all, it is their ability to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) using photosynthesis and presumed ability of some algae to metabolize hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Biogas contains not only required methane but also components causing its worse quality such as mentioned CO2 and H2S. Therefore, the algae are potential biological systems for biogas-conditioning. The microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C2) was used for fixation of CO2 and H2S in our experiment. The microalgae were cultivated in a medium BG 11. The algal suspension was aerated with the biogas during two weeks. Different values of CO2 concentration measured in the input and output confirmed decrease of CO2 caused by intensive growth of algal culture. Decline of H2S was not confirmed.
Keywords:
biogas purification; carbon dioxide; methane; hydrogen sulphide; biological treatment
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The usage of algae in biogas transformation
Using of algae in a biogas transformation is still in the beginning. However, the microalgae have large potential from the perspective of growing demands on biogas quality and trend of using,natural ...
Flux footprints in different ecosystems
Macálková, Lenka; Havránková, Kateřina; Pavelka, Marian
2015 - English
Flux footprint is an upwind area where the atmospheric flux measured by an instrument is generated. Footprint size depends on measurement height, surface roughness, and atmospheric thermal stability. Our study focused on the flux footprints of four CzechGlobe ecosystem stations in a wetlands area, an agroecosystem, and young and mature spruce forests. Our aims were to prove that the sites were suitable for eddy covariance measurement and compare flux footprints under various atmospheric thermal conditions: stable, neutral, and unstable. Two computational models were used: the Kormann–Meixner (2001) and Kljun (2004)models. The outputs were processed graphically in site maps.
Keywords:
eddy covariance; flux footprints; ecosystems
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Flux footprints in different ecosystems
Flux footprint is an upwind area where the atmospheric flux measured by an instrument is generated. Footprint size depends on measurement height, surface roughness, and atmospheric thermal stability. ...
Summer fluxes of nitrous oxide from boreal forest
Macháčová, Kateřina; Pihlatie, M.; Halmeenmäki, E.; Pavelka, Marian; Dušek, Jiří; Bäck, J.; Urban, Otmar
2015 - English
Boreal forests cover almost one-third of the global forest area, and results of soil measurements show them to be a natural source of the important greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Nevertheless, N2O fluxes from boreal tree species have been excluded from calculations of N2O exchanges from forest ecosystems. Therefore, our objective was to quantify and scale up the N2O fluxes from stems of mature silver birch (Betula pendula), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as from the forest floor of a boreal forest in Finland during June and July 2014. This study shows that boreal tree species emit N2O from their stems under natural field conditions and significantly contribute up to 8% of forest floor fluxes of N2O. Spruce trees seem to be the strongest N2O emitter among the studied tree species. Moreover, the N2O flux rates from both coniferous tree species increased with decreasing soil water content. This study highlights the necessity to include N2O fluxes from trees within the total greenhouse gas budget of forest ecosystems.
Keywords:
boreal forest; greenhouse gases; forest ecosystem; Picea abies; Pinus Silvestris
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Summer fluxes of nitrous oxide from boreal forest
Boreal forests cover almost one-third of the global forest area, and results of soil measurements show them to be a natural source of the important greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Nevertheless, ...
Interactive effects of UV radiation and drought on the accumulation of flavonols in selected herbs and grass in a mountain grassland ecosystem
Veselá, Barbora; Surá, Kateřina; Rajsnerová, Petra; Klem, Karel; Holub, Petr; Urban, Otmar
2015 - English
The main objective of this 4-year experiment conducted in a mountain grassland ecosystem was to investigate the interactive effects of ultraviolet (UV) treatment and drought on changes in accumulation of UV-screening compounds (flavonols) in selected herbs (Hypericum maculatum Crantz, Rumex obtusifolius L.) and grass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.). Inasmuch as drought and UV radiation induce similar protective mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that UV radiation and drought elicit synergistic effects on flavonol accumulation. The experimental plots were manipulated using rainout shelters enabling the exclusion and transmission of incident precipitation and UV radiation. Generally, UV and drought treatments had similar effects on flavonol accumulation. For R. obtusifolius, UV exclusion resulted in a substantial reduction of UV-screening compounds, particularly under ambient precipitation conditions, while for H. maculatum and A. tenuis UV exclusion caused only a slight reduction of flavonol content. Similarly, the drought treatment caused an increase in flavonol accumulation.
Keywords:
uv radiation; grassland ecosystem; herbs and grass
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Interactive effects of UV radiation and drought on the accumulation of flavonols in selected herbs and grass in a mountain grassland ecosystem
The main objective of this 4-year experiment conducted in a mountain grassland ecosystem was to investigate the interactive effects of ultraviolet (UV) treatment and drought on changes in ...
Elevated temperature stimulates light-induced processes that contribute to protecting photosystem II against oxidative stress
Materová, Z.; Štroch, Michal; Holubová, I.; Sestřenková, J.; Oravec, Michal; Večeřová, Kristýna; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - English
We focused on elucidating the impact of elevated temperature on rapid induction of zeaxanthin (Z)- dependent photoprotection in two different plant species. The dynamics of violaxanthin (V) de-epoxidation under different illumination regimes was studied together with chlorophyll a fluorescence transients in Picea abies seedlings and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves pre-acclimated to temperatures ranging from 20 to 40°C. Whereas for spruce seedlings the rapid phase of V de-epoxidation (induced by either 10 s illumination or 10 light pulses 1 s in duration at 1 min intervals) was gradually stimulated upon increasing temperatures, for A. thaliana leaves considerable acceleration of V de-epoxidation occurred only at 40°C. Moreover, only for spruce seedlings was a considerable amount of Z accumulated after 10 × 1 s illumination. Elevated temperatures stimulated rapid formation of Z-dependent non-radiative dissipation of excitation energy within photosystem II (NRD) induced by 1 s light pulses only for spruce seedlings. The possible role of a specific fatty acid composition in spruce thylakoid membrane lipids in facilitated V de-epoxidation and NRD induction at elevated temperatures is discussed.
Keywords:
plant species; Picea abies; temperatures ranging
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Elevated temperature stimulates light-induced processes that contribute to protecting photosystem II against oxidative stress
We focused on elucidating the impact of elevated temperature on rapid induction of zeaxanthin (Z)- dependent photoprotection in two different plant species. The dynamics of violaxanthin (V) ...
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