No (5612)
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5612
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Toxic responses in human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to particulate matter exhaust emissions from gasoline and biogasoline
Závodná, Táňa; Líbalová, Helena; Vrbová, Kristýna; Sikorová, Jitka; Vojtíšek-Lom, M.; Beránek, V.; Pechout, M.; Kléma, J.; Cigánek, M.; Machala, M.; Neča, J.; Rössner ml., Pavel; Topinka, Jan
2021 - English
Motor vehicle emissions substantially contribute to air pollution worldwide and cause serious health problems. While the deleterious effects of diesel exhaust particulate matter (PM) have been widely studied, much less attention is paid to toxicity of PM emitted by gasoline engines although they also produce considerable amount of PM. The primary objective of this research was to assess toxic potencies of exhaust PM released by conventional gasoline engine fueled with neat gasoline (EU) or gasoline-ethanol blend (15% ethanol, v/v, E15). Despite a similar particle mass (mu g PM/kg fuel) produced by both fuels, PM emitted by E15 contained higher amount of harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as suggested by chemical analysis. To examine the toxicity of organic PM constituents, human lung BEAS-2B cells were exposed for 4h and 24h to a subtoxic dose of E0 and E15 PM organic extracts. We used genome scale transcriptomic analysis to characterize the toxic response and to identify modulated biological process and pathways. Whereas 4h exposure to both PM extracts resulted in modulation of similar genes and pathways related to lipid and steroid metabolism, activation of PPAR alpha, oxidative stress and immune response, 24h exposure was more specific for each extract, although both induced expression of PAH-metabolic enzymes, modulated metabolism of lipids or activated PPAR alpha, E15 additionally deregulated variety of other pathways. Overall, the PM mass produced by both fuels was similar, however, higher PAH content in E15 PM organic extract may have contributed to more extensive toxic response particularly after 24h exposure in BEAS-2B cells.
Keywords:
particulate matter emissions; gasoline; biofuels; toxicity; gene expression profiling
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Toxic responses in human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to particulate matter exhaust emissions from gasoline and biogasoline
Motor vehicle emissions substantially contribute to air pollution worldwide and cause serious health problems. While the deleterious effects of diesel exhaust particulate matter (PM) have been widely ...
Houby v jeskyních
Nováková, Alena
2021 - Czech
Práce zahrnuje údaje o zastoupení mikroskopických hub v různých evropských jeskyních (Česká republika, Slovensko, Rumunsko, Maďarsko, Slovinsko, Španělsko a Francie) získaný studiem v průběhu 20 let. Data about the occurrence of microscopic fungi in several European caves (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary, Slovenia and Spain) obtained during 20 years studies are presented
Keywords:
Microscopic fungi; cave environment
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Houby v jeskyních
Práce zahrnuje údaje o zastoupení mikroskopických hub v různých evropských jeskyních (Česká republika, Slovensko, Rumunsko, Maďarsko, Slovinsko, Španělsko a Francie) získaný studiem v průběhu 20 ...
Přenosný kapalinový chromatograf jako nový nástroj stanovení nebezpečných látek
Šesták, Jozef; Lunerová, K.; Vaněk, J.
2021 - Czech
Přenosný kapalinový chromatograf představuje nový přístroj kompaktních rozměrů, který umožňuje realizaci HPLC analýz v podmínkách mimo laboratoř. Byl využit pro vývoj certifikované metodiky pro detekci a stanovení vybraných mykotoxinů v komplexních vzorcích. The portable liquid chromatograph is a new instrument of compact dimensions, which enables the implementation of HPLC analyzes in conditions outside the laboratory. It was used for the development of a certified methodology for the detection and determination of selected mycotoxins in complex samples.\n\n
Keywords:
portable liquid chromatograph; mykotoxins; miniaturization
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Přenosný kapalinový chromatograf jako nový nástroj stanovení nebezpečných látek
Přenosný kapalinový chromatograf představuje nový přístroj kompaktních rozměrů, který umožňuje realizaci HPLC analýz v podmínkách mimo laboratoř. Byl využit pro vývoj certifikované metodiky pro ...
EPR-elektrochemická studie redukčního mechanismu konjugátů pyrenu a cyklobutenu
Koláčná, Lucie; Polák, P.; Klíma, Jiří; Tobrman, T.; Ludvík, Jiří
2021 - Czech
Čistě organické konjugované systémy nacházejí v současné době široké uplatnění\nv materiálové chemiiý. Jsou často využívané také pro přípravu organických polovodičů, na\nkteré je zaměřen náš projekt. ´´Green smart molecules´´ jsou biodegradovatelné látky, které\nneobsahují žádné kovy. Velkou výhodou je možnost úpravy jejich vlastností změnou struktury\npomocí prosté chemické modifikace. Reduction mechanism of pyrene-cyclobutene conjugates were studied electrochemically and\nspectro-electrochemically. Analysis and interpretation of spectro-electrochemical data of\nconjugates revealed intramolecular communication of electrons and enabled determination of\nredox mechanism of conjugates. This knowledge is fundamental for tuning the required redox\nproperties of molecules just by chemical modification. Studied molecules represent promising\nmaterial for organic semiconductor materials.
Keywords:
Pyrene; Electrochemical reduction; Cyclobutene
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
EPR-elektrochemická studie redukčního mechanismu konjugátů pyrenu a cyklobutenu
Čistě organické konjugované systémy nacházejí v současné době široké uplatnění\nv materiálové chemiiý. Jsou často využívané také pro přípravu organických polovodičů, na\nkteré je zaměřen náš projekt. ...
Looking into the Photo-stability of Eosin by Electrochemical Methods
Sabatini, F.; Sokolová, Romana; Degano, I.
2021 - English
Eosin Y is a synthetic organic dye belonging to the xanthene family. Its bright and fluorescent\npink hue attracted and intrigued the painters of the 19th century, who experimented eosin as\npigment lake (often called Geranium lake) in their paintings. Nevertheless, eosin coloration is\nas beautiful as unstable, and examples of work of arts with faded hues have been documented.\nEosin is not only photo-sensitive but also pH sensitive, making its study very complex. In this\nwork, the combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques revealed to be effective\nfor correlating the physical evidence of eosin fading with its chemical degradation.
Keywords:
Eosin; Synthetic dye; UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Looking into the Photo-stability of Eosin by Electrochemical Methods
Eosin Y is a synthetic organic dye belonging to the xanthene family. Its bright and fluorescent\npink hue attracted and intrigued the painters of the 19th century, who experimented eosin as\npigment ...
Oxidation Processes of N-methylguanines
Trnková, L.; Třísková, I.; Liška, Alan; Ludvík, Jiří
2021 - English
The oxidation processes of N-methylguanines were investigated in both experimental and\ntheoretical way. Voltammetric oxidation potentials of guanine and its methyl analogues,\nacquired on polymer pencil graphite electrode (pPeGE), were compared with the HOMO\n(SOMO) energies calculated by density functional (DFT) methods. Our study contributes to\nunderstanding not only the oxidation processes of methylated guanines but also their role in\nepigenetics.
Keywords:
Guanine; N-methylated guanine; Oxidation process
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Oxidation Processes of N-methylguanines
The oxidation processes of N-methylguanines were investigated in both experimental and\ntheoretical way. Voltammetric oxidation potentials of guanine and its methyl analogues,\nacquired on polymer ...
Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic
Arbelaez Gaviria, Juliana; Boere, E.; Havlík, P.; Trnka, Miroslav
2021 - English
In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the impacts\nof biophysical effects and often ignore the cross-sectoral interactions and economic effects on relative competitiveness, international trade, global food supply, and food prices for the Czech Republic. Ignoring future productivity changes globally under climate change scenarios can underestimate or overestimate climate change impacts at the national level. Here, we use GLOBIOM-CZE, a global economic model, as part of a climate change impact assessment framework to evaluate the impacts on the Czech agricultural sector in terms of environmental and economic indicators. By comparing with the baseline, the ensemble of scenarios suggests a decrease in crop area and production while increasing grassland, positively affecting livestock production by mid-century. Corn and barley show the most adverse response in production and area, while rapeseed increases under scenario RCP 8.5 with CO2 fertilization effect. Livestock products production is projected to increase, especially bovine meat and milk, as within RCP 8.5, no constraints are placed on growing greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords:
climate change impacts; Czech agriculture; global assessment model
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Integrated national-scale assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture: the case of the Czech Republic
In recent years, investigating climate change impacts in the agricultural sector at the national level has become a priority for adaptation decision-making. Most of these studies quantify the ...
3D printed materials for the electrochemical determination of biologically active compounds
Choińska, Marta Katarzyna; Navrátil, Tomáš; Hrdlička, Vojtěch
2021 - English
3D printing materials are relatively novel materials in electrochemistry,\nused for manufacturing of electrochemical cells, electrodes\netc. They have been widely used mainly for tailored, fast, inexpensive,\nand easy preparation of various equipment for analyses of\nbiologically active compounds. Various medicinal products and illicit\ndrugs belong to this broad group of analytes which need to be\nmonitored because of the possibility of (un)intentional overdose or\nrecreational consumption, which can cause serious side effects or\neven death. Due to this risk, we decided to focus our research on the\ndevelopment of new, sensitive, selective, and easily customizable 3D\nprinted sensors for the determination of some commonly used\nantidepressants, analgesics, and illicit drugs.
Keywords:
analgesics; antidepressants; voltammetric determination
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
3D printed materials for the electrochemical determination of biologically active compounds
3D printing materials are relatively novel materials in electrochemistry,\nused for manufacturing of electrochemical cells, electrodes\netc. They have been widely used mainly for tailored, fast, ...
Význam polních mokřadů v zemědělské krajině
Šumberová, Kateřina; Vymyslický, T.; Fabšičová, Martina; Fránková, Markéta
2021 - Czech
Polní mokřady představují mimořádně cenný biotop v zemědělské krajině, nejen z hlediska hospodaření s vodou, ale i z hlediska biodiverzity různých skupin organismů. Druhy obývající tyto biotopy přežívají nepříznivá období ve formě semen, spor a vajíček v půdě, řada z nich patří k ohroženým skupinám organismů. Náš výzkum přinesl nové nálezy vzácných druhů cévnatých rostlin, ale i zajímavé nálezy rozmanitých druhů mikro i makroskopických řas. K nejvýznamnějším nálezům patří některé teplomilné a mírně slanomilné druhy rostlin a řas, jejichž výskyt u nás je vázán především na jižní Moravu. Nalezeno bylo 17 druhů rostlin z aktuálního Červeného seznamu tři druhy v kategorii kriticky ohrožených (C1: Hibiscus trionum, Pulicaria dysenterica, P vulgaris), šest druhů silně ohrožených (C2: Lythrum hyssopifolia, Malva pusilla, Rumex tenophyllus, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Veronica anagalloides), pět druhů v kategorii ohrožených (C3: Centaurium pulchellum, Cyperus fuscus, Lemna trisulca, Lotus tenuis, Veronica catenata) a pět vzácnějších druhů vyžadujících pozornost (C4: Bolboschoenus laticarpus, B planiculmis, Butomus umbellatus, Limosella aquatica, Schoenoplectus lacustris). Vegetaci na studovaných lokalitách bylo možno zařadit do pěti syntaxonomických tříd: Lemnetea, Potametea, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea tripartitae a Phragmito-Magnocaricetea. Cévnaté rostliny byly zastoupeny několika ekologickými skupinami: jednoleté mokřadní rostliny, vytrvalé druhy rákosin a vlhkých narušovaných trávníků, vlhkomilné plevele a ruderální druhy, vodní rostliny. Makroskopické řasy byly zastoupeny především vláknitými zelenými řasami rodů žabí vlas (Cladophora) šroubatka (Spirogyra a Oedogonium), méně pak různobrvkami (Vaucheria spp.) a sinicemi (Nostoc spp.). Parožnatky (Characeae) osídlovaly mokřady s delším obdobím zaplavení. Kvantitativně nejvíce zastoupenou a zároveň druhově nejbohatší skupinou mikroskopických řas zkoumaných mokřadů byly rozsivky (Achnanthidium, Amphora, Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Surirella aTryblionella) následovala krásnoočka (Colacium, Euglena, Trachelomonas), zelené řasy (Desmodesmus) a sinice (Homoeothrix a Phormidium).Byla zaznamenána vysoká variabilita v počtu druhů cévnatých rostlin a celkovém druhovém složení i v zastoupení jednotlivých skupin řas a jejich druhové bohatosti. Byly patrné velké změny mezi lety i během roku. Field wetlands represent an extremely valuable biotope in agricultural landscapes, not only in terms of water management, but also in terms of biodiversity of various groups of organisms. Species living in these habitats survive adverse periods in the form of seeds, spores and eggs in the soil, many of them belonging to endangered groups of organisms. Our research has yielded in new findings of rare vascular plant species, as well as interesting findings of diverse species of micro- and macroscopic algae. Among the most important findings are some thermophilic and slightly halophilic vascular and algae species, whose occurrence in our country is mainly linked to southern Moravia. Seventeen plant species from the current Red List were found, three species in the critically endangered category (C1: Hibiscus trionum, Pulicaria dysenterica, P vulgaris), six species in the severely endangered category (C2: Lythrum hyssopifolia, Malva pusilla, Rumex tenophyllus, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Veronica anagalloides), five species in the endangered category (C3: Centaurium pulchellum, Cyperus fuscus, Lemna trisulca, Lotus tenuis, Veronica catenata) and five rarer species requiring attention (C4: Bolboschoenus laticarpus, B planiculmis, Butomus umbellatus, Limosella aquatica, Schoenoplectus lacustris). The vegetation at the study sites could be classified into five syntaxonomic classes: Lemnetea, Potametea, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea tripartitae and Phragmito-Magnocaricetea. Vascular plants were represented by several ecological groups: annual wetland plants, perennial species of reed beds and wet disturbed grasslands, hydrophilous weeds and ruderal species, and aquatic plants. Macroscopic algae were represented primarily by filamentous green algae of the genera Cladophora, Spirogyra and Oedogonium, and to a lesser extent by the genus Vaucheria spp., and by cyanobacteria (Nostoc spp.). The representatives of the genus Chara inhabited wetlands with longer periods of inundation. Diatoms (Achnanthidium, Amphora, Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Surirella and Tryblionella) were the most quantitatively represented and species-rich group of microalgae in the studied wetlands, followed by the genera Colacium, Euglena and Trachelomonas, by green algae (Desmodesmus), and by cyanobacteria (Homoeothrix and Phormidium).There was a high variability in the number of vascular plants and overall species composition, as well as in the representation of different algal groups and their species richness. Large changes were evident between and within years.
Keywords:
biodiversity; agriculture; drought
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Význam polních mokřadů v zemědělské krajině
Polní mokřady představují mimořádně cenný biotop v zemědělské krajině, nejen z hlediska hospodaření s vodou, ale i z hlediska biodiverzity různých skupin organismů. Druhy obývající tyto biotopy ...
A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management
Zavadilová, Ina; Szatniewska, Justyna; Vágner, Lukáš; Krejza, Jan; Pavelka, Marian
2021 - English
Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning intensities in a 40-year-old spruce forest in South Moravia. Tree transpiration was significantly higher under moderate and heavy intensity compared to low intensity and control plots. Tree transpiration differed also among trees of different sizes within the treatments and also between the treatments. The stem increment was visibly increasing with the intensity of treatment, particularly for suppressed trees. The findings show an ecological tree response two years after the thinning.
Keywords:
norway spruce; norway spruce; water consumption; sap flow; biomass production; thinning treatment
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management
Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning ...
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